NEW AND INNOVATIVE

LIBRARY ACTIVITIES AND

SERVICES IN A UNIVERSITY

LIBRARY O. SIVASANKAR PRASADLibrarian, Sri Venkateswara College(University of Delhi)New Delhi – 21sivasankaraprasad@svc.ac.inossprasad@svc.du.ac.in

Library :Is a place in which literary and artistic materials, such as books, periodicals, newspapers, pamphlets, prints, records, and tapes, are kept for reading, reference, or lending.

is created with the intention of providing free public access to reading material, with the altruistic goal of educational enlightenment and the better welfare of the people.

University Library more important in a University, because a library can do without a University where as a University cannot function without a library. The number of universities in India has gone up from a mere twenty in 1947, to more than six hundred in 2013 (11th Feb.)

Central Universities (44)State Universities (298)Deemed Universities (130)Private Universities (148)Autonomous Institutes (IITs, IIMs, NIT, NISER, IISc. etc.)

University Library:The growth is signified by the students' enrollments, creation of a no. of new departments / specializations, no. of mission oriented projects of research other social and intellectual factorsInstitutions like IITs, IISc, IIMs, NISERs, Agricultural Universities, Open universities These factors have effected university libraries in a great measure.

Role of University Library:Today, university libraries have a very large and difficult role to play in order to meet a variety of demands of information and knowledge by far larger number of people on far larger number of subjects at far higher prices and negligible grants.

The unique function of libraries is to acquire, organize, offer for use and preserve available material irrespective of the form in which it is packaged (print, cassette, CD-ROM, digital / electronic, network form,) in such a way that, when & where it is needed, it can be found and put to use. Libraries are especially important now when the whole idea of education is stressing more and more independent learning and acting.

Education Policy (GOI-1986), National Book Policy (1986) & Science Policy (1958), has a brief recommendations on libraries as follows:

"Together with the development of books, a nation-wide movement for the improvement of existing libraries and the establishment of new ones will be taken up. Provision will be made in all educational institutions for library facilities and the status of librarians improved".

“The availability of books at low prices, improvement of the quality of books, books for children and other special groups, book production, book promotion, etc. These issues are relevant to collection building programmes in libraries”.

“to encourage individual initiative for the acquisition and dissemination of knowledge, in an atmosphere of academic freedom”; Development of Libraries and - in general, to secure for the people of the country all the benefits that can accrue from the acquisition and application of scientific knowledge.”

National Policies of other Sectors having Implications for Libraries

University Education Committees on libraries :

The University Education Commission (Dec. 1948 to August 1949; Chairman: Dr. S.Radhakrishnan), discussed the importance of the library in the academic system and recommended encouragement to self-study and library work to supplement class instruction. The report stated that training in higher branches of learning is mainly a question of learning how to use the tools, and if the library tools are not there the students are handicapped in learning how to use the tools. It concluded that learning the techniques of using the library and searching for information is highly essential.

The report of the Education Commission (1964-66; Chairman: Dr. D.S. Kothari), entitled, Education and National Development, also discussed the role of libraries in higher education. While advocating self-study by the students, the report highlighted the skill to use books and documents independently by the students in the learning process. The Education Commission offered some useful suggestions for the improvement of university and college libraries. It also addressed itself to the role of libraries in adult education and recommended the establishment of a network of public libraries. It wanted school libraries to be integrated with public libraries for purposes of adult education programmes.

University Education Committees on libraries :

The UGC Library Committee, chaired by Dr. S.R. Ranganathan (1959) has touched upon all aspects of university and college library organisation and services and formulated a set of comprehensive recommendations. These recommendations had a far-reaching effect on the development of university libraries later. The committee provided a framework to the UGC to implement its grants-in-aid programmes and guidelines to university authorities.

The recommendations includes library finance which helped libraries to secure enough finance by annual grants from the universities themselves and of development grants from the UGC. It also suggested library personnel and staff required for university and college libraries based on various library operations.

National Commission on Libraries:

A permanent, independent and financially autonomous National Commission on Libraries should be eventually set up by the Central Government as a statutory body to address all the information and learning needs of the citizens of India.

The role of libraries in providing widespread and inclusive access to knowledge is widely acknowledged. In today's context, libraries have to play two distinct roles - to serve as a local centre of information and knowledge, and be a local gateway to national and global knowledge. In order to achieve this goal, existing libraries must modernize their collection, services and facilities, become more pro-active and collaborate with other institutions, agencies and NGOs in order to develop a community based information system.

Issues under consideration of National Knowledge Commission are:► Institutional framework of libraries; ► Networking; ► Education, training and research; ► Modernization and computerization of libraries; ► Maintenance of private and personal collections and ► Staff requirements to meet changing needs.

Revamp LIS Education, Training and Research facilities :

The proposed Mission/ Commission on Libraries must assess as soon as possible the manpower requirements of the country in the area of LIS management, and take necessary steps to meet the country’s requirement through LIS education and training. To keep the LIS sector abreast of latest developments, necessary encouragement should be given to research after evaluating the research status in this field. Establishing a well equipped institute for advanced training and research in library and information science and services would provide the necessary impetus to this task.

Functions of a University :

•Learning and teaching; •Research and generation of new knowledge; •Dissemination and publication of research results; •Conservation of knowledge and ideas; and •Extension and services.

Objectives of a University Library

• Development of a collection in a wide variety of subjects for learning, teaching, research, . publication, etc.;

• Getting the stock of knowledge materials organised and maintained for use;

• Organise and provide a variety of library, documentation and nformation services, both responsive and anticipatory.

User Community :

• Students of different disciplines & different categories ; • Teachers, imparting instructions and guiding students at different levels and in different subjects; • Research students working for M.Phil. or Ph.D degrees; • Post-doctoral research scholars working on specific projects; • Professors and experts guiding research projects and managing research activities of the university; • Members of AC & EC of university, Management; • Scholars in general, who get special privileges of using the university library ; and • Research Associates.So the university libraries have a big responsibility and a very important role to play not only in shaping students for higher learning and research, but also in providing a variety of services to meet other demands.

Library Services in University LibrariesLibrary Servicesi) Lending: ii) Information and Reference, iii) Reading Room; iv) Assistance in the use of the library; and v) Display of current additions or preparation of lists of current accessions. Current Awareness Services i) Current contents of journals; ii) Alerting services to important literature in select fields; iii) Selective Dissemination of Information; and

iv) Newspaper clipping service. Bibliographic Services i) Literature search; ii) Compilation of bibliographies on specific topics; and iii) Index to current literature.

Library Services in University LibrariesCondensation Services i) Preparation of abstracts on specific topics; ii) Digest Services; iii) Preparation of reviews/progress/advances on specific subjects; and iv) State-of-Art-reports. Other services i) Document supply services; ii) Reproprographic services; iii) Translation services; and iv) Computer-based information retrieval. Specialised Services i) User education; ii) Exhibition and special displays; iii) Special lectures and demonstrations; and iv) User oriented seminars, workshops, etc.

Role of Library Professionals

Licensing Electronic journals related to the periodicals section which is labour intensive and time consumingLinking the electronic journals to the library home pageConducting user education as to the use of new services and facilitiesImparting reader’s service by electronic meansDeveloping & maintaining institutional repositoryDigital Librarian Proactive Information specialist / search intermediary / Technology MediatorKnowledge Manager / Researcher / Interface designerRemote access Facilitator to library resources & services

Skills Required•Leadership and other Managerial skill •Interpersonal skills•Skills of negotiation, evaluation and analysis•ICT Skills•Communication, marketing and customer service•Getting the best out of the staff (HRM Skills)

Collaborative Librarianship in Social Networking

Library is the most important aspect in any of the educational university. We as librarians witnessed that the users’ walk-ins into university libraries are steadily decreasing over the past few years by many reasons. It should be the aim of librarians to play the role of trusted advisors to help academic users in higher education and research and get motivated to work for adding value to users community, as well he should also take the responsibility of inspiring his employees or colleagues or the people with whom he works. The internet has brought many changes in the people looks for and access to information and libraries are competing for user attention for current challenge is to provide immediate, seemless access to sources of and information in order to remain in the field.

Information & Communication Technology (computers, networks, internet and social media) continues to drive much of the ultramodern thinking within university libraries and will certainly help today libraries and library professionals, which will further greatly enhance their capabilities in providing scholarly service and reaching out the users of university library.

Web 2.0

Tim O’Reilly & Dale Dougherty O’Reilly (2005)

“applications that make the most of the intrinsic advantages of that platform: delivering s/w as a continually up-dated service that gets better as more people use it, consuming & remixing data from multiple sources, including individual users, while providing their own data and services in a form that allows remixing by others, creating network effects through an “architecture of participation”, and going beyond the page metaphor of Web 1.0 to deliver rich user experiences.”

Why Libraries Love Web 2.0

The participatory web (It marks the progression from static web pages to dynamic, interactive ones . Read/write web . Sharing, collaboration, & user involvement . Reviews . Comment on news stories . Upload photos . Share digital videos)The amateurization of the webThe social webThe user-focused web (participate, organize, read, write & play online).

Library 2.O“a model for modernized form of library service that reflects a transition within the library world in the way services are delivered to users”. Services are constantly updated & re-evaluated to best serve library users,

Attempts to harness library user in design & implementation of library services by encouraging feedback and participation

The application of concepts and technologies of Web 2.0 applied to the library services and collections is named as “Library 2.0”

Web 2.0 – Tools & Techniques WikisSocial NetworkingRSS Feeds BlogsInstant Messaging Social bookmarkingPodcasting / Streaming MediaVodcastingMashups

MARKET SHARE OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES

World wide visitors Unique Visitors Percentage

Facebook 792,999,000 55.1 %

Twitter 167,903,000 11.7 %

LinkedIn 94,823,000 6.6 %

Google+ 250,000,000 17.7 %

MySpace 61,037,000 4.2 %

Others 255,539,000 17.8 %

LIBRARY SERVICES USING SOCIAL MEDIA

Announce library programs, events

Respond to Reference questions

Ask a librarian

Teach basic search tools, Provide library tours

New resource alerts, , Promote new library collections

Send brief updates to patrons

Facilitate collaboration & communication with users

LIBRARY SERVICES USING SOCIAL MEDIA

Promoting of Library Resources & Services

Relationship Building

Library instruction, orientation, tutorials

Publicity & public relations

Online book clubs

Outreach services – off campus services

Readers advisory

WikiA wiki is a collaborative web page that

allows users to create and easily edit any number of interlinked web pages using a traditional web browser (Achterman, 2006). A wiki can be developed through the WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get) format that allows users to view its contents very similar to the end result while it is created. Wikis allow users to have different levels of access to edit or delete content. Creating or editing a wiki requires only basic computing knowledge – no programming knowledge at all. Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia, is a great example of a wiki that is created and constantly developed by its users.

http://www.tikiwiki.orghttp://www.wikiwyg.net http://www.pbwiki.com http://www.wikispaces.com.

BlogsA blog, an acronym for web log, is an easier web publishing tool that allows users to create and publish web pages with personal or anecdotal information to share with others. A blog takes in a user-friendly commentary format with separate postings rather than a threaded discussion board (Richardson, 2006). Users’ ability to leave comments is the distinct feature of a blog. A typical blog combines text, images and links to other web pages, blogs, and contents related to the topic. A blog usually provides news or comments on a particular subject or a person’s opinion in text, picture, audio, and video formats. Creating or editing a blog requires only basic computing knowledge. Blogs can be visited by local and global communities.

• Wordpress, Blogger, LiveJournal• Becoming more integrated with “official” websites• Wide variety of uses

– Events– New books/reviews– Book Exhibitions

RSSStands for:

Really Simple SyndicationRich Site SummaryRDF Site Summary

Definition:An XML format for distributing current information on the webRSS is a defined standard based on XML with the specific purpose of delivering updates to web-based content

RSS was originally developed by Netscape to distribute news, stories and information.

Parts of RSS

Feeds (A data format used for providing users with frequently updated content that are produced by web authors.)

Aggregators (An aggregator is a program or site that collects the feeds for reading)

Benefits of RSS

Less clicking and more readingHelps to keep track of frequently AND infrequently updated sitesLittle spam or adsInformation presented how YOU want itOpt-In – users select which feeds which they subscribe to.Content – steady stream of fresh web contentAggregation – users can quickly scan multiple content streams and click on items of interest saving timeTraffic – increased exposure and traffic for web sites

Mapping

• Google Maps, Platial, Picasa etc.• Create original maps unique to your

library (sites nearby)• Reimage print maps in your collection

digitally • Create mashups by combining

geographic tagging with photos

Instant Messaging

Instant messaging or IM, is a form of real-time, virtually instantaneous communicationbetween two or more people using textual format.

General Messaging service : MSN Messenger, Skype and Google TalkSpecialized Service: Trillion, Meebo

real-time reference” services, / Liver reference Service and allow co-browsing, file-sharing, screen-capturing, and data sharing and mining of previous transcripts.

Social Networking Tools

Social networking sites are the Web 2.0 - based applications that allow users to share personal information with each other in convenient ways. These sites focus on building and reflecting upon social relations and interactions among people who possess the same interests. Social network sites essentially represent individuals’ profiles, social links, and a variety of additional services. They enable users to share ideas, opinions, activities events, and interests within their individual networks over the internet through e-mailing and instant messaging. Facebook, Hi5, LinkedIn, MySpace, Nexopia, Twitter, and YouTube are popular applications of social networking services. They emphasize online collaboration, social collaboration, and resource sharing among users free of charge.

Podcasting

A podcast is a series of digital media files in audio or video format. It allows users to publish their audio and video recordings on the web episodically and to download them through multiple devices including cell phones, iPods, net books, laptops, desktops, and similar handheld devices (Richardson, 2006).

Some audio storage services are:

http://www.easypodcast.com/index-es.htmlMypodcast(http://mypodcast.com), Podomatic (http://www.podomatic.com) and Castpost (http://www.castpost.com).

Images, Photographs and Videos

Flickr, http://www.flickr.com/, is a web site that enables storing, organising, searching, selling and sharing photographs and videos on line. Currently Flickr has a large community of users who share the photographs and videos that they create. The popularity of Flickr is mainly due to its capacity for administering images using tools that enable the author to label their photographs and explor and comment on other users’ images.Picasa http://picasa.google.comAudioboo, http://audioboo.fmPikeo http://www.pikeo.com Webshots (http://www.webshots.com).

RFID in Libraries

RFID plays vital role in redefining the library process to make everyone’s job easier right from patron to library staff. RFID provides a platform to automate most of the process performed by the library staff like Check in – check out, sorting, stock management and inventory.

Fastest, easiest, most efficient way to track, locate & manage library materials.Efficient Book circulation management.Automatic Check-in and Check-out.Library inventory tracking in minutes instead of hours.Multiple books can be read simultaneously.Unique ID of the RFID tag prevents counterfeiting.Automated material handling using conveyor & sorting systems.Facilitate inter library & intra-library borrowing

RFID in Libraries

Procurement of Hardware: i.e. Readers, Tags & Antenna.Tagging books: Integrating Middleware: Performing Test Cases:Training Staff:Process Improvement: The errors and improvements found out from the test cases will be revisited to make system perform in better way.

Benefits – Libraries, Staff & Patrons

RFID Standards in Library RFID hardware products for library should be compatible with global protocols such as SIP2, NCIP, ISO 18000-3, ISO 15693, ISO 14443A & ISO 28560

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Library RFID Management system

Mobile Library Services The number of mobile & smart phone users is

drastically rising, so the demand for mobile library services is becoming stronger and more diversified. The rapid increase in the internet and mobile penetration helping library professionals to keep innovating newer ways of effectively reaching their targeted users and create relevant favorable relationship with them. Especially, in the university libraries because of teenage users, the demand for mobile based library services that facilitate the library educational resources and services provided is indispensable. The widespread mobile technology is emerging the need to integrate mobile library resources (e-resources, digital content as well as library and information services) and computer network services.

Why Need to Use Mobile Phones to Provide Library Services

The users need information but do not have sufficient time to visit libraries. Rather they expect the libraries to reach them.

In changing information environment, librarians need to think about the range of services and methods to outreach the users to way out for managing change.

Libraries in other countries of the world are successfully providing library services through mobile phones

mo·bil·i·ty  Noun

1.The ability to move or be moved freely and easily.2.The ability to move between different levels in society or employment.

Synonyms agility

MOBILE LIBRARY WEBSITESVirginia Tech University Libraries a simple but effective layout offers important information such as library hours, contact information, library maps and floor plans, mobile research tools includes Annual Review, EBSCOhost, IEEE Xplore mobile, Mobile MedlinePlus, JSTOR,WorldCat, catalog search and library maps. http://m.lib.vt.edu/

MOBILE LIBRARY WEBSITESMIT Libraries Search for and request books, Manage Account, View library locations, maps and hours, Ask questions & submit comments or ideas, research tools, bookmark, email, tweet, or save each story. Access : http://libraries.mit.edu/mobile-site/

Through the apps & mobile site, you can:

Search for and request booksManage Your Account

View library locations and hours

Ask questions & submit comments or ideas

Discover mobile tools to help with your researchRead news from the MIT Libraries on our blog

MOBILE LIBRARY WEBSITES

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N E W A N D I N N O VAT I V E L I B RA RY A C T I V I T I E S A N D S E RV I C E S I N A U N I V E R S I T Y L I B RA RY

North Carolina State University (NCSU) Libraries contains icons representing categories such as room reservations, group finder, webcams and no. of computers available. Access: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/m/

• Anytime, Anywhere access• Increase flexibility for library services• Real-time data access• Instant up-to-date information

University Libraries having MOPACS:

Ball State University Libraries (http://www.bsu.edu/libraries/mobile/)University of Richmond Libraries (http://oncampus.richmond.edu/academics/library/mobile/North Carolina State University (http://www.lib.nscu.edu.m)Boston University Medical Centre (http://med-libwww.bu.edu/mobile)

University Libraries having instructions and mobile collections:Johns Hopkins University Libraries (http://library.jhu.edu/podcasts)Ohio University (http://www.library.ohiou.edu/podcasts)Texas A & M Libraries (http://tinyurl.com/3xcpel)Arizona State University Libraries (http://lib.asu.edu/librarychannel/2010/08/16/mobile/)Library of Congress (http://www.loc.gov)

Ball State University Libraries (http://www.bsu.edu/libraries/mobile/)

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N E W A N D I N N O VAT I V E L I B RA RY A C T I V I T I E S A N D S E RV I C E S I N A U N I V E R S I T Y L I B RA RY

Mobile Access to Electronic Databases :

Pubmed database (http://pubmedhh.nlm.nih.gov)Gale( http://www.gale.cengage.com/AccessMyLibrary/)EBSCOhost (http://www.ebscohost.com/academic/mobile-access)ScienceDirect Mobile (http://www.info.sciverse.com/sciencedirect/mobile)ACS Mobile (http://pubs.acs.org/page/tools/acsmobile/index.html)American Institute of Physics (http://www.aip.org/press_release/iPhoneApp.html)Oxford Journals (http://www.oxfordjournals.org/mobile_websites.html)Taylor and Francis (http://www.tandfonline.com/)Web of Science (http://wokinfo.com/about/mobile/)http://www.emeraldinsight.com/app/index.htm iPhone and iPod devices running OS 3.2 or later /iPad 3.2.2 or later / Android 2.2 or later / BlackBerry OS 6 (including the Torch 9800) / BlackBerry Tablet OS devices (including PlayBook)

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Mobile library tours:Wolfwalk (http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/wolfwalk)Duke University Libraries (http://library.duke.edu/mobile/)Libraries having SMS notification:UIUC Library (http://m.library.illinois.edu/)Simmons College Library (http://www.simmons.edu/library/m/)SMS Reference American University Library (http://www.library.american.edu/mobile/)Columbia University Libraries (http://library.columbia.edu/indiv/eastasian/ref.html)QR Codes:University of Bath Library (http://www.bath.ac.uk/library/)Mussleman Library (http://www.gettysburg.edu/library/)

Mobile Library Services

Catalog SearchComputer AvailabilityOpening HoursLocation & MapCampus DirectoryLinks to External Information ProvidersWebcam FeedsGroup FinderNews & EventsLink to campus mobile siteStudy room reservationsArticle searching User Surveys

Mobile Library Services

Video search / image searchReserve and renew items / checking account / Group SMS (Google Voice)Virtual tours / downloading streaming audio booksRSS feeds with cover images for newest books, movies, music and eBooks in different subject areas and languagesVirtual reference service / subject guidesMobile access to Course reserves / E-resources Quick access to the library’s Facebook and Twitter profiles.Ask a librarian

Tools for library mobile web sites, MOPACs, and applications:

Android Developers for creating Android applications including tutorials, videos, developer’s guide http://developer.android.com AirPac offers a mobile version of innovative Interfaces library catalogue includes features such as cover images, integrated library locations with Google Maps, request and renew items. http://iii.com/products/airpac.shtml Boopsie for public and academic libraries and universities. It deliver mobile applications that are compatible with all web enabled phones. http://boopsie2.com 

Tools for library mobile web sites, MOPACs, and applications:Library Anywhere sold through LibraryThing and is a catalog for all kind of libraries includes mobile web and apps for iPhone, Black-berry, and Android. http://www.librarything.com/forlibraries. MoFuse (Mobile Fusion) Build a mobile version of an existing web site or blog. http://mofuse.com/ MobilSiteGalore No technical or programming languages required to use this tool. W3C MobileOK Checker it is compatible with current web standards include severity, category, and description of the error along with best practices for fixing issues http://validator.W3.org

Benefits of Mobile Library Services

Interaction: The users can interact with library professionals, faculty and colleagues without restriction of time and place.Flexibility: The library users can actually access library resources and services at the place and time that they need it,Library users can directly download the notes, course reserves, e-books, research articles and other materials in to the mobile phones / devices.Enhances knowledge: Content is adapting to meet user needs and delivered on demand. Mobile libraries help to raise self-esteem and self confidence of library users.

Disadvantages

Limit of devices capacities such as small screens, memory size and computing power.

Lack of common operating system and application programs like browsers.

Wireless networks may down with a large no. of users when using it.

Health hazards 

QR codes and University libraries :Reaching mobile usersA QR code is a matrix barcode readable by smartphones and mobile phones with cameras. They are sometimes referred to as 2d codes, 2d barcodes, or mobile codes. Onmost phones purchased in the United States, one must download a free app (application) in order to read the QR code, although some phones have one preinstalled. 

QR code typically appears as a small white square with black geometric shapes, though colored. QR code can bea URL, a phone number, an SMS message, a V-card, or any text. They are referred to as QR because they allow the contents to be decoded at high speed. QR codes weredeveloped in 1994 by Denso-Wave, a Toyota subsidiary.

QR codes and University libraries :Reaching mobile usersLibraryThing

Libraries can include a QR code that LibraryThing generates and dynamically adds to each catalog page. Scan the QR code with a smartphone scanning app (e.g. RedLaser, Scan) and the phone will jump directly to that record in your mobile catalog on Library Anywhere.

Then walk into the stacks with the record on your phone, or just add it to your saved list on Library Anywhere. However you use it, it’s a direct link from the desktop catalog to the catalog on your phone.

Try it out : QR codes up in a few catalogs so far:Frisco Public LibraryWestport Public LibraryLackawanna County Library System

QR code of LOC

Library Services in ICT & Web environment Library Automation & DigitizationInstallation of RFID / EM Security SystemWebOPAC / Personalized cataloguing Remote Access & Mobile Access to E-Books, E-Journals and electronic databasesAccess to Course Reserves Virtual Reference Collection / Live Reference ServiceInstitution Repositories (Theses / Dissertations) Adaptive / Assistive technologies for persons with disabilities (Softwares like Jaws, Kurtzweil, 1000, Magic Magnification Software Pro)Scholarly Publishing (Open Access and Copyright)Citation Management Softwares (EndNote, RefWorks, Zotero)

Library Services in ICT & Web environment Web 2.0 tools (Blogs, Wikis, Instant Messaging, RSS Alerts, Social networking, Podcasting & Podcasting, Social bookmarking, Mashups, Ajax) Developing Library / browser tool barNews & Announcements (Group SMS)Documents Delivery Service (DDS)Information Literacy / Instructional supportLibrary collections with QR codesEmail Alert Service (TOC / research alert service)Video / Audio SharingOrganising Author workshops / Book talks / Book ExhibitionsGroupsFinder /Federated SearchingAsk Us / Location / Map / Tour / FAQ

Conclusion :

Dr. S.R. Ranganathan’s Five Laws of Library Science and his idea i.e., right book / information to the right user at the right time in right way is best possible using the new innovative technologies like web 2.0 and mobile apps. The social networking in library services and applications of other Web 2.0 tools may bring change in the relationship between users and transform libraries by improving the involvement of users in the activities and services in a university libraries. Some of these tools may successfully attract new users and help to retain existing members also. The library’s resources and its services become more interactive and fully accessible.

Resources

Ballard, Barbara. (2007). Designing the Mobile User Experience. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.Fling, Brian. (2009). Mobile Design and Development: Practical Concepts and Techniques for Creating Mobile Sites and Web Apps. Sebastopol, California: O’Reilly Media.W3C Mobile Web Best Practices: http://www.w3.org/TR/mobile-bp/W3C CSS Mobile Profile: http://www.w3.org/TR/css-mobile/Griggs, K., Bridges, L. M., Rempel, H. G. (2009). “library/mobile: Tips on Designing and Developing Mobile Web Sites”, The Code4Lib Journal, Issue 8. Retrieved from: http://journal.code4lib.org/articles/2055

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