Organisational Behaviour

Radhika Vandna GohelFaculty of Commerce & Management

JHBWC

Syllabus

What is OB?

Meaning of OB

Organizational behavior (OB) is the study of the way people interact within groups. Normally this study is applied in an attempt to create more efficient business organizations.

Introduction• Organizational Behavior is an intellectual concept of

organization & has become a special subject of study. • It is the knowledge of human behavior at work.• Traditionally the concept was different.• But now it has taken complicated and diversified shapes within

an organization. • It has became necessary to learn about human behavior within

an organization for improving its performance.• An organization is not a successful until and unless it

understands, predicts and controls human behavior.

Cont.• OB is a part of total management, but plays a crucial role in

every area of management, and has been accepted by all the concerned people.

• It is an accepted fact that organization can develop only when its people are developed.

• Study of their behavior therefore becomes inevitable for the development of people.

• Since organizational behavior is a science, its concept, features foundation , role, behavior, process models and taxonomy are

clarified in the very beginning to decipher and develop the subject as a full fledged discipline of study.

Concept • OB has been defined as the knowledge of people’s behavior at

work.• It is meaningful solution to complex human problems.

“OB is the study and application of knowledge about how people act within an organization.”

• It is a human tool for human development.• It applies broadly to the behavior of people in all types

of organization.

Few Basic Things• Organization

Structure– Two or more persons– Common Goals– Co-operative Efforts– Division of work– Communication– Rules & Regulations– Pyramidal shape

• Organization (Organizing)– Identify the work– Grouping the work– Establishing the

relationship– Delegating Authority– Providing for Co-

ordination and control

Cont.Importance of Sound Organization1. Enlarges abilities2. Facilitates administration3. Facilitates growth & diversification4. Permits optimum use of resources5. Stimulates creativity6. Facilitates Co-ordination

Cont.• Who are Managers?

– Indispensable resources– Priceless assets of an organization– ‘Coordinators’ & ‘Directors’

• What managers do?– Manager’s work with and through other people– Managers are mediator– Mangers are symbols– Managers act as change agents and add value to organizational effort

Cont.• Managerial Roles:1. Interpersonal roles

2. Informational roles

3. Decisional roles

Concept of Organizational Behavior

• Organizations are not so not much about plant and machinery as people.

• People can make or break company.• In a competitive world a company has

to strive in the market by differentiatingthings.

• Above all they must recognize the importance of moving closer to the heart of employees through novel

compensation method method, participative schemes & retention plans.

Cont. • Precisely stated OB is the study of human attitudes, behavior

and performance.

• It is the study of what people do in an organization and how that behavior affects the performance of the organization.

• OB is he systematic study and careful application of knowledge about how people-as individuals and as groups act within the

organization.

Cont.• It is an action oriented and goal-oriented discipline. Its goals are

to make managers more effective at describing, understanding, predicting and controlling human behavior.

Describe Behavior: Understand Behavior: Predict behavior: Control Behavior:

Organization Culture

Nature and Scope of OBOB offers a set of tools concepts an theories

that people to understand, analyze and describe what goes on in organizations and why.

E.G Why X wants to quit the job and Y is willing to hang on for over three decades in the same organization. Why some people work with passion, love and commitment and why others waste resources and spend their time unproductively.

The study of OB offers guidelines that help people at work to understand and appreciate many forces that influence behavior in organizations.

Cont.It helps people at working at all levels to make

appropriate decisions about how to behave and get along with other people in order to achieve organizational goals.

1. Three levels of analysis: (Individuals, Group & Organization)2. Distinct field of study:

(What people think, feel do)3. Interdisciplinary in nature:

(social science, anthropology, sociology, economics)4. Use of scientific methods:

(empirical, research-based approach)

Cont.5. Focus on Application:

(researchers have shed light on practical questions e.g what steps could be taken to reduce work related stress, what can be done to improve quality of organizational communication)

6. Contingency thinking:(different situations require different behavioral practices for greatest effectiveness)

7. Subset of management:(Efficiency and Effectiveness)

8. Positive & Optimistic:9. Integrative in nature:(It values dignity, growth & satisfaction

rather than expenses of these values )

Importance of OB1. Uncover hidden aspects of organization

2. Explain and predict behavior

3. Acquire ‘people skills’ and win the race

4. Formulate informed judgments

Other Significances of OB• Provides a road map to our lives in organizations..• Uses scientific research to help us understand and predict

organizational life..• Helps us influence organizational events• Helps an individual understand himself/herself and others better• It leads leaders• Useful for maintaining cordial IR• Useful in marketing

• Helpful to managers to understand one’s employee• Economical perspective

Relationship between Management & OB

Emergence of OB

Models

Attitudes

Cont.• They are understood as the beliefs, feelings and action

tendencies of an individual or group of individuals towards objects, ideas and people.

• Attitudes are learned.• Attitudes refer to feelings beliefs of an individual or groups of

people.• Attitudes endure, unless something happens.• Attitudes can fall anywhere along a continuum for very

favorable to unfavorable.• Attitudes are organized and are core to individual.

• All people, irrespective of their status or intelligence, hold attitudes.

Three components of Attitudes

Perception• The ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through

the senses.• The way in which something is regarded, understood, or

interpreted.

Personality• Personality is “The combination of characteristics or qualities

that form an individual's distinctive character.”

Learning• Learning is understood as the modification of behavior through

practice, training or exercise. This simple meaning needs to be supplemented with five important components of learning so as to make its important clear.

1. It involves change2. Not all changes reflect learning3. Learning is reflected in behavior.4. change in behavior should occur as a result of experience,

practice or training. 5. The practice or experience must be reinforced in

order for learning to occur.

Transactional Analysis• As a theory of personality, transactional analysis gives us a

picture of how people are structured psychologically using the three part ego-state model.  The concept of life script explains how our present life patterns originated in childhood.  We may continue to replay childhood strategies in grown-up life, even when these produce results that are ultimately self-defeating or painful.

• People are okay• Everyone has value and worth• Everyone has the capacity to think• Early script decision can be changed

Cont.• Generally Transactional Analysis is a system of popular

psychology based on the idea that one's behaviour and social relationships reflect an interchange between parental (critical and nurturing), adult (rational), and childlike (intuitive and dependent) aspects of personality established early in life.

Three Ego States

ANALYSIS OF EGO STATES• The ego plays an important role in human behaviour. People

interact with each other in terms of psychological positions or behavioural patterns known as ego states. Ego states are person’s way of thinking, feeling and behaving at any time. There are 3 important ego states.• Ego states: child, adult and parent. A person of any age have these ego states in varying degree. A healthy person is able to move from one ego state to another.

THE EGO STATESPARENT ADULT CHILD Personality

1. Parent ego state: The parent ego state means that the values,

attitudes and behaviours of parents an integral part of the personality of an individual. These people tend to talk to people and treat others like children. The characteristics of a person with parent ego state are: Judgemental• Rule maker• Moralising• Over protective• indispensable

2. Adult ego state: The adult ego state is authentic, direct, reality

based, fact seeking and problem solving. They assume that human beings as equal, worthy and responsible.

Cont.The process of adult ego state formation goes through one’s own experiences and continuously updating attitudes left over from childhood. People with adult ego state, gather relevant information, carefully analyse it, generate alternatives and make logical choices.

3. Child ego state: the child ego state is characterized by very immature behaviour. The important features of child ego state are creativity, anxiety, depression, dependence, fear, joy, emotional sentimental etc.