ORGANIC FERTILZERS&

THEIR IMPACTSON

CROP PRODUCTION

PRESENTED BY

07, 08, 28, 54, 62

ASSIGNED BY

Dr. Ahmad Sher&

Dr. Tauqeer Ahmed Yasir

LET’S DISCUSS ABOUT

HISTORY

• FARMERS HAD GREAT SKILL IN THE USE OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS IN THEIR CROPS.

• IT IS SAID THAT SOLDIERS IN THE ARMY DISCOVERED THAT WHEAT IN ABANDONED

YARDS GREW MUCH BETTER THAN WHEAT IN OTHER PARTS OF THE FARM,

INDICATING THE USEFULNESS OF HORSE MANURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF

CROPS.

• INDIANS USED TO BURY SPOILED FISH BENEATH THEIR CORN PLANTS, TO GET

BETTER YIELDS.

• IT WAS COMMON FOR PEOPLE TO BURN BUSHES AND GRASSES, AND THEN SOW

THEIR CROPS BENEATH THE ASHES TO GET BETTER HARVESTS.

• IT WAS A COMMON PRACTICE ON FARMS IN MANY ASIAN COUNTRIES ABOUT 30-40

YEARS AGO TO USE LIVESTOCK MANURE FOR MAKING COMPOST, TO FERTILIZE

WHAT ARE ORGANIC FERTILIZERS…?

ORGANIC FERTILIZERS

ARE FERTILIZERS THAT ARE

EXTRACTED FROM ORGANIC SOURCES (ANIMAL’S

WASTE, PLANT’S WASTE, POULTRY MANURE,

COMPOST, MUNICIPAL WASTES etc.)

Composition of Different Manures

Material % (Oven Dried Weight)N P K

1- Animal and human excretaBuffalo Dung 1.23 0.55 0.69

Buffalo Urine 2.05 0.01 3.78Cattle Dung 1.91 0.56 1.4Cattle Urine 9.74 0.05 7.78Sheep Dung 1.87 0.79 0.92Sheep Urine 9.9 0.1 12.31Human Feces 7.24 1.72 2.41Human Urine 17.24 1.57 4.862- Farm Yard Manure 0.3 0.21 0.683- Compost 1.1 0.29 1.374- Crop ResiduesWheat straw 0.49 0.11 1.06Rce straw 0.58 0.1 1.38Cotton stalks and leaves 0.88 0.15 1.45Sugarcane trassh 0.35 0.04 0.5

Material %Nitrogen %Phosphate %Potash Availability*

Alfalfa 2-3 0.5-1 1-2 slow/mod.

Bone meal 1-6 11-30 0 moderate

Blood meal 12 1-2 0-1 rapid

Cottonseed meal 6 3 1 slow

Fish meal 6-12 3-7 2-5 rapid

Grass clippings 1-2 0-0.5 1-2 moderate

Kelp seaweed 1-1.5 0.5-1 5-10 moderate

Manures: Cattle 2-3 0.5-1 1-2 moderate

Horse 1-2 0.5-1 1-2 slow

Swine 2-3 0.5-1 1-2 rapid

Poultry 3-4 1-2 1-2 rapid

Sheep 3-4 0.5-1 2-3 moderate

Sawdust 0-1 0-0.5 0-1 very slow

Sewage sludge 2-6 1-4 0-1 moderate

Straw/corn stalks 0-0.5 0-0.5 1 very slow

Wood ashes 0 1-2 3-7 rapid

ORGANIC VS CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS

Organic fertilizers Chemical fertilizers

ADVANTAGES Adds natural nutrients to soil,increases soil organic matter,improves soil structure and tilth,improves water holding capacity,reduces soil crusting problems,reduces erosion from wind and water,Slow and consistent release ofnutrients.

Chemical fertilizers arerich equally in threeessential nutrients thatare needed for crops andalways ready forimmediate supply ofnutrients to plants ifsituation demands.

DISADVANTAGES

Have slow release capability;distribution of nutrients in organicfertilizers is not equal.

Several chemicalfertilizers have high acidcontent. They have theability to burn the plants.

NUTRIENTS Have unequal distribution of essential nutrients.

Have equal distribution ofthree essential nutrients:phosphorous, nitrogen,

TYPES OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERSON THE BASIS OF THEIR ORIGIN

• COTTONSEED MEAL

• MOLASSES

• GREEN MANURES (LEGUMES, ALFALFA, )

• FISH EMULSIONS

• ANIMAL MANURES

• BONE MEALS

• COMPOST

• FARM YARD MANURE

• BLOOD MEAL

• POULTRY MANURE

• PRESS MUD

COTTONSEED MEAL

• A BY-PRODUCT OF COTTON MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, COTTONSEED MEAL AS A FERTILIZER FOR THE GARDEN IS SLOW RELEASE.

• COTTONSEED MEAL VARIES IN FORMULATION SLIGHTLY, BUT IS GENERALLY MADE UP OF 7% NITROGEN, 3% P2O5, AND 2% K2O.

• DUE TO ITS SLOW RELEASE TIME, COTTONSEED MEAL FEED IS SAFE TO USE WITHOUT DANGER OF POSSIBLE FOLIAGE BURN.

• PROMOTES HEALTHY FOLIAGE, INCREASES CROP PRODUCTION

MOLASSES

• MOLASSES IS THE BY-PRODUCT OF SUGARCANE,

GRAPES OR SUGAR BEETS AFTER EXTRACTING

SUGAR.

• MOLASSES IS HIGH IN CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM,

IRON AND POTASSIUM. IT ALSO CONTAINS SULFUR

AND A HOST OF MICRONUTRIENTS.

• USING MOLASSES AS FERTILIZER PROVIDES PLANTS

WITH A QUICK SOURCE OF NUTRIENTS AND

ENCOURAGES THE GROWTH OF BENEFICIAL

MICROORGANISMS.

GREEN MANURES

• GREEN MANURES INCLUDE BEANS, PEAS, ALFALFA, RED CLOVER, OR COWPEAS.

• THEY STORE NITROGEN IN NODULES ON THE ROOTS.

• THE PLANT FIX NITROGEN GAS FROM THE AIR AND COMBINES IT WITH HYDROGEN.THE PROCESS CREATES AMMONIA, WHICH IS CONVERTED BY BACTERIA INTONITRATES, A USABLE FORM OF NITROGEN.

• ONCE THE PLANTS ARE TILLED INTO THE SOIL, THEY RELEASE THE NITROGEN INTOTHE EARTH.

• THIS IMPROVES THE SOIL AND PROVIDES SUPPLEMENTAL NITROGEN THAT WASREMOVED BY OTHER PLANT’S GROWTH.

• THEY ALSO HELP PREVENT SOIL EROSION AS THEY ARE USED AS COVER CROPS.

1. Incorporating green manures

2. Alfalfa3. Red clover

1.

2.

3.

FARM YARD MANURES

• MANURE FOR THE GARDEN COMES FROM

COW, SHEEP, POULTRY AND HORSES.

• MANURE IS KNOWN AS A “COMPLETE

FERTILIZER”; IT HAS A LOT OF ORGANIC

MATTER.

• MANURES ARE MOST VALUABLE

AS ORGANIC SOIL AMENDMENTS AND

MULCHES.

NOTE: BEWARE OF USING FRESH MANURE

AS A FERTILIZER BECAUSE IT CAN BURN

PLANTS.

POULTRY MANURE

• CHICKEN MANURE IS THE FECES OF CHICKENS USED AS AN ORGANIC FERTILIZER, ESPECIALLY FOR SOIL LOW IN NITROGEN.

• OF ALL ANIMAL MANURES, IT HAS THE HIGHEST AMOUNT OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, AND POTASSIUM.

• ONE CHICKEN PRODUCES APPROXIMATELY 8-11 POUNDS OF MANURE MONTHLY.

A chicken manure sample being collected for a nutrient analysis

PRESS MUD

• PRESSMUD IS AN INDUSTRIAL WASTE AVAILABLE FROM THE SUGAR MILLS.

• FOR EVERY 100 TONNES OF SUGARCANE CRUSHED ABOUT 3 TONES

OF PRESSMUD IS LEFT BEHIND AS BY-PRODUCT.

BLOOD MEAL

• BLOOD MEAL IS DRIED, POWDERED BLOOD

COLLECTED FROM CATTLE

SLAUGHTERHOUSES.

• IT’S SUCH A RICH SOURCE OF NITROGEN

THAT GARDENERS HAVE TO BE CAREFUL

NOT TO OVER-APPLY AND BURN THE

ROOTS OF THEIR PLANTS.

• APPLY BLOOD MEAL JUST BEFORE PLANTING

TO STIMULATE GREEN LEAFY GROWTH.

BONE MEAL

• BONE MEAL IS FINELY GROUND

BONE, A BY-PRODUCT FROM

ANIMAL SLAUGHTERHOUSES.

• IT IS A GREAT SOURCE OF CALCIUM

AND CONTAINS UP TO 15%

PHOSPHATE.

• BONE MEAL PROMOTES STRONG

ROOT SYSTEMS AND FLOWERING.

• IT IS OFTEN USED WHEN GROWING

FLOWERS, BULBS AND FRUIT TREES.

FISH EMULSION

• FISH EMULSION IS AN ORGANIC GARDEN

FERTILIZER THAT IS MADE FROM WHOLE

FISH OR PARTS OF FISH.

• IT PROVIDES AN NPK RATIO OF 4-1-1

AND IS MOST OFTEN USED AS FOLIAR

FEED TO PROVIDE A QUICK NITROGEN

BOOST.

IMPACT ON CROP PRODUCTION

ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ARE IMPORTANT FOR FOLLOWING PROCESSES:

• INCREASE FERTILITY OF SOIL

• INCREASE PHYSICAL CHARACTERS OF SOIL

• INCREASE WATER HOLDING CAPACITY

• INCREASE MICROBIAL ACTIVITY

THESE FOUR PROCESSES THEN HELPS CROPS TO GIVE A BETTER

PRODUCTION

BENEFITS OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS

• NON-TOXIC FOOD: USE OF THESE ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ENSURES THAT THE

FOOD ITEMS PRODUCED ARE FREE OF HARMFUL CHEMICALS. AS A RESULT, THE

END CONSUMERS WHO EAT THESE ORGANIC PRODUCTS ARE LESS PRONE TO

DISEASES SUCH AS CANCER, STROKES, AND SKIN DISORDERS, AS COMPARED TO

THOSE WHO CONSUME FOOD ITEMS PRODUCED USING CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS.

• ON-FARM PRODUCTION: THE MAJORITY OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS CAN BE

PREPARED LOCALLY OR ON THE FARM ITSELF. HENCE, THE COST OF THESE

FERTILIZERS IS MUCH LOWER THAN THE COST OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS.

BENEFITS OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS

• LOW CAPITAL INVESTMENT: ORGANIC FERTILIZERS HELP IN MAINTAINING THE

SOIL STRUCTURE AND INCREASING ITS NUTRIENT-HOLDING CAPACITY.

THEREFORE, A FARMER WHO HAS PRACTICED ORGANIC FARMING FOR MANY

YEARS WILL REQUIRE FAR LESS FERTILIZER, BECAUSE HIS SOIL IS ALREADY RICH

IN ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS.

• SAFE ENVIRONMENT: ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ARE EASILY DEGRADABLE AND DO

NOT CAUSE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION.

BENEFITS OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS

• FERTILITY OF SOIL: ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ENSURE THAT THE FARMS REMAIN

FERTILE FOR HUNDREDS OF YEARS. LAND LOCATED AT THE SITE OF ANCIENT

CIVILIZATIONS, SUCH AS INDIA AND CHINA, ARE STILL FERTILE, EVEN THOUGH

AGRICULTURE HAS BEEN PRACTICED THERE FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS.

• THE FERTILITY IS MAINTAINED BECAUSE ORGANIC FERTILIZERS WERE ALWAYS

USED IN THE PAST. HOWEVER, WITH THE INCREASED USE OF CHEMICAL

FERTILIZERS TODAY, LAND IS RAPIDLY BECOMING INFERTILE, FORCING MANY

FARMERS TO FURTHER INCREASE THEIR USE OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS OR EVEN

LEAVE THE FARMING INDUSTRY ENTIRELY.

REFERENCES

• HTTP://WWW.GARDENINGKNOWHOW.COM/GARDEN-HOW-TO/SOIL-FERTILIZERS/COTTONSEED-MEAL-FERTILIZER.HTM

• HTTP://WWW.GARDENINGKNOWHOW.COM/GARDEN-HOW-TO/SOIL-FERTILIZERS/FEEDING-PLANTS-WITH-MOLASSES.HTM

• HTTPS://WWW.PLANETNATURAL.COM/BIG-STINK/

• HTTP://WWW.GARDENINGKNOWHOW.COM/EDIBLE/VEGETABLES/VGEN/WHAT-ARE-LEGUMES.HTM

• HTTP://WWW.GARDENINGKNOWHOW.COM/GARDEN-HOW-TO/SOIL-FERTILIZERS/USING-KELP-FERTILIZER.HTM

• HTTP://WWW.GARDENINGKNOWHOW.COM/GARDEN-HOW-TO/SOIL-FERTILIZERS/FISH-EMULSION-FERTILIZER.HTM

• HTTPS://WWW.ORGANICFACTS.NET/ORGANIC-PRODUCTS/ORGANIC-CULTIVATION/BENEFITS-OF-ORGANIC-FERTILIZERS.HTML

• HTTPS://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/ORGANIC_FERTILIZER

• HTTP://WWW.DIFFEN.COM/DIFFERENCE/CHEMICAL_FERTILIZER_VS_ORGANIC_FERTILIZER

SPEAK ONLY,WHEN YOU FEEL THAT

YOUR WORDS ARE BETTER THAN YOUR

SILENCE…!