Climate Services for Farmers > Mission Possible

Lessons from Africa and South Asia

Dr. Arame Tall Climate Services- Scientist, Champion

a.tall@cgiar.org

3rd International Conference on Climate Services, Dec. 4-6, 2013, Montego Bay (Jamaica)

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Premise: Information is Power

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Access to relevant climate information can Empower farmers to anticipate and confront climate-related risks and opportunities

Rationale: Why do Farmers Need Climate Services?

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A Multi-front challenge: We need to work together

to overcome these tenacious challenges to Climate Service delivery

Limited Dialogue with End Users

to identify Needs, build Trust !

Poor Observation network /

Limited capacity of NHMS to

address needs

Inappropriate

Communication channels to Get the Message out

to farmers

Limited capacity of end-users to act of received forecasts– Integration of CS into development support programs

Why Farmers are Not Getting Relevant Climate Services

– On the Ground

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•  Salience: tailoring content, scale, format, lead-time to farm decision-making

•  Legitimacy: giving farmers an effective voice in design and delivery

•  Access: providing timely access to remote rural communities with marginal infrastructure

•  Equity: ensuring that women, poor, socially marginalized benefit

•  Integration: climate services as part of a larger package of support

Challenges to Scaling up Climate Service for Farmers

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Delivering tailored 5day agro-met advisories for 3+ million farmers in India�s Integra -ted Agromet Advisory Service Program

18 Good Practice Cases from Africa to South Asia

Involving farmers through rain gages in Mali�s 30-year Agromet advisory program

Cell-phone based information service delivery in Uganda Grameen Foundation�s �Community Knowledge Workers� Project

More at: scalingup.iri.columbia.edu

Farmer Seasonal Forecast Training in Wote, Kenya

Lushoto: Co-producing climate services with farmers

CYMMIT: Delivering on Farmers� Information Needs in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India

Kaffrine: Putting downscaled climate forecasts into farmers� hands

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PRE-REQUISITE 1:

FROM CLIMATE INFORMATION TO

CLIMATE SERVICE

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Courtesy: J. Hansen, CCAFS/IRI

9 • 3/21/11 Everyone has a role to Play in Linking Knowledge to Action

National Hydro-Meteorological Services (NHMS)

Production*of*downscaled*hydro3meteorological*forecasts

NARES (Partners) Packaging*of*climate*information*>*From*Climate*Information*to*a*Climate*Service*

*Production*of*Agro3Met*Advisory!

Communicators & Boundary Organizations: - Media – Extension Services – NGOs – CBOs -

Other community relays Widespread*23way*Communication*of*

climate*information*and*advisory*services!

National level End-users (rural development planners, policy makers, seed

distributors, fertilizer industry, private sector)

Final End-users (farmers, pastoralists, communities at risk)

Credit:(Arame(Tall,(CCAFS(

Fig. 1: Different stakeholders and roles in national Chain of Climate Service Production, Tailoring and Communication

Building the National Chain of Climate Services

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Global

Regional

National

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Promoting Coordinated Framework for Climate Services

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PRE-REQUISITE 2:

FROM DISSEMINATION TO

2-WAY COMMUNICATION

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•  Relevant communication channels identified to reach most vulnerable: !  SMS in local language ! Rural radio, media professionals !  Forecast bulletin boards in

strategic outposts across village !  At village mosque/church !  At water boreholes (women) ! Community relays/boundary

organizations (NGOs, CBOs) !  School children (vehicle)

Communicating to Reach ‘last mile’

Credit: Tall, CCAFS

13 • 3/21/11 Training Intermediaries to

Communicate Climate Services at Scale

Photo: As part of a new CCAFS-World Vision collaboration, Dr. Jim Hansen trains World Vision staff on communicating forecast uncertainty to farmers (Same, N. Tanzania). Credit: A. Tall, CCAFS

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PRE-REQUISITE 3:

HEED GENDER AND EQUITY

IN DESIGN OF CLIMATE SERVICE

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PAR in Kaffrine: Woman FGD identifying climate service needs. Credit: Tall, CCAFS

•  Identify specific service needs of women and underserved groups (in terms of content, timing and delivery channels)

•  Place specificity of needs •  Different social norms

from village to village

Climate Service Needs of women farmers in Fass (Left) different from those in Dioly (right). Credit: Tall, CCAFS

Focusing on Equity in Service Design and Delivery

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•  Opening Spaces for iterative dialogue, interaction and Co-production of climate service

•  PAR > key to success –  involving communities (community

diaries of local CC impacts) –  Capturing local innovation (forecast

bulletin boards, SMS language) •  Preliminary Results of Kaffrine

gender research end project assessment –  Increase in access, from handful in

2011 to 100% by 2012 –  Demonstrated Usefulness of

received information, for all products across timescales

–  Added value to traditional forecasts

Soxna Ndao, Dioly village, stating: ‘We women, need information on when the rainy season will stop, as men plant for us later in the season. Credit: A. Tall

Giving Women an Effective Voice in Design of Climate Services

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PRE-REQUISITE 4:

BUILD FARMER CAPACITY TO USE

CLIMATE SERVICES

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Credit: Mariane Diop-Kane, ANACIM

The shorter the time range, the more

accurate the forecast

Credit:(Red(Cross/PetLab(

⇒ (Bringing(together(forecasters(and(farmers(to(put(climate(forecasts(at(the(service(of(communities(at(risk(from(climate=related(risks(

(

Fass Djoly

Malem

Communicating Uncertainty

-  Didactic Games

19 • 3/21/11 Communicating Uncertainty in Seasonal Climate Forecasts

> The Pobability Distribution Function

Farmers(discussing(what(1mm(of(rain(means…(

Credit:(Dr.(Ousmane(Ndiaye,(ANACIM(Credit:(J.(Hansen,(CCAFS((Ousmane(Ndiaye,(ANACIM((

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Credit:(J.(Hansen,(IRI/CCAFS(KPC(Rao,(ICRISAT((

….To Wote, Eastern Kenya: FarmerTrainings

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PRE-REQUISITE 5:

DESIGN, MONITOR AND EVALUATE SERVICE

TO ENSURE ITS RELEVANCE

22 • 3/21/11 Developing M&E Framework to Evaluate Climate Services

for Farmers Goal: Develop M&E protocol to identify

farmer need for climate services and measure added-value of climate services for farmer communities, with guidance on: -  Baseline collection -  Monitoring, re-assessment -  End project final impact assessment

•  Locally-Relevant •  Gender responsive

3*Objectives*of*Assessment: 1.To inform design of new climate services and projects;"2.To identify current gaps, and improve project effective and service delivery for farmers;!3.To assess impact of provided services on farmers, and demonstrate project impact with a dollar value (towards outcome reporting).!"

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Proposed M&E Framework to Evaluate Climate Services for

Farmers

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Based on identified user needs, tailoring:

•  In space: Geographic Downscaling •  In time: Seemless forecast

products across timescales: –  Seasonal > Monthly > Dekadal >

72h > 48h > 3h > nowcasting –  Historical Data Trends Analysis –  Key to building trust and

empowering farmers to monitor risks as season unfolds

•  In Content (hazards, info needed) •  In Lead time (alert thresholds) •  In message format, language

& delivery channel

Designing Tailored Forecast products for Farmers

HOURS DAYS WEEKS MONTHS YEARS DECADES …

WEATHER CLIMATE

Decision Making is local. Blended Station and Satellite data is one way forward to downscale climate forecasts, and enable climate forecasts

to serve local decision-making. Courtesy: J. Hansen, CCAFS/IRI

25 • 3/21/11 CCAFS OBJECTIVE: 10M farmers by 2016

equipped with tailored climate services for improved management of climate risks

http://dmu.icrisat.ac.in/CCAFS_CIS_Home.aspx

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1.  Identify Good practice 2.  Upscale Climate Services to millions of farmers

–  Promoting National Frameworks for Climate Services –  Brokering strong partnerships between NHMSs, Agr Research and Extension to produce tailored agro-met advisories –  Leveraging new ICTs, media professionals

NGOs and boundary organisations for effective 2-way communication

3.  Build evidence base on livelihood outcomes for farmers - making the case for Climate Services

CCAFS Strategy to Scale Up Climate Services for Farmers

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•  Operational Climate Services for Farmers is a multi-front challenge

•  Examples surveyed by CCAFS prove however that it is Mission Possible today to reach millions of farmers with salient and downscaled climate information and advisory services relevant to support their decision-making under an uncertain climate.

•  It is time to Scale Up this approach for many other farmers to have access and benefit from available climate information and advisory services.

•  The time is Right for Climate Services.

For more information, contact: Arame Tall, a.tall@cgiar.org

Scaling up Climate Services for millions of Farmers > Mission Possible

Photo: Women Farmers in Amtrar, Himachal Pradesh (India), discussing how they benefit from agromet advisories. Credit: A. Tall, CCAFS