Persp

ective

Delmo. Lapitan.

Mamplata

Overview

[dictionary] The technique of representing three-dimensional objects and depth relationships on a two-dimensional surface.

[wikipedia]Is an approximate representation, on a flat surface (such as paper), of an image as it is seen by the eye

Characteristic features Smaller as their distance from the observer increasesForeshortened: the size of an object's dimensions along the line of

sight are relatively shorter than dimensions across the line of sight

Brief History

Albrecht Durer He said that if two painters were to draw a scene from two different angles, the paintings would be different but then, what would they have in common?

Perspective developed during the renaissance

period

Filippo Brunelleschione of the foremost architects and engineers of the RenaissanceInvented artistic linear perspective

BV

Before AfterIllusion of depth

Oddness and flatnessSize of elements according to distance

Shapes

Reconstruction of the Temple of Jerusalem

The school of athens

Objectivity Dictionary

Vanishing pointthe point at which parallel lines receding from an observer seem to converge

Picture plane or painting platethe appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance to the viewer

Axisa reference line from which distances or angles are measured in a coordinate system

Types of Perspective

1.One-point perspective2.Two-point perspective3.Three-point perspective4.Four-point perspective5.Zero-point perspective6.Foreshortening

One-point perspective

Characteristics-one vanishing point is present-one-point perspective is present when the scene drawn is composed of-line segments which intersect only at right angles

Applications- one-point perspective can be used when subject is made up of lines which are either parallel with the viewer’s line of sight or perpendicular

How to

Draw a horizontal line

Indicate vanishing point in the horizontal line

Draw desired shape

Draw lines from the shape’s corners to vanishing point

Draw vertical and horizontal lines to finish desired shape

http://www.slideshare.net/Lexi83/perspective-ppt

Two-point perspective

Characteristics-two vanishing points are present

-one point represents a set of parallel lines-other point represents the other set

-to make things easy, imagine you are in a junction

Applications-scenes wherein one-point perspective is used but rotated-corner of a building, book, box, two forked roads

How to

Draw guide lines (horizontal and vertical)

Indicate left and right vanishing points

Draw desired height of object (vertical)

Draw lines from tips to vanishing points

http://www.slideshare.net/jgammill/two-point-perspective

Three-point perspective

Characteristics-three vanishing points are present-two points (from two-point perspective) one for each wall-third vanishing point is used for how those walls vanish into the ground

Applications-used for buildings seen from above or below

Four-point perspective

Characteristics-two vanishing points are present

-one point represents a set of parallel lines-other point represents the other set

-to make things easy, imagine you are in a junction

Applications-scenes wherein one-point perspective is used but rotated-corner of a building, book, box, two forked roads

Zero-point perspective

Characteristics-two vanishing points are present

-one point represents a set of parallel lines-other point represents the other set

-to make things easy, imagine you are in a junction

Applications-scenes wherein one-point perspective is used but rotated-corner of a building, book, box, two forked roads

Foreshortening

Characteristics-two vanishing points are present

-one point represents a set of parallel lines-other point represents the other set

-to make things easy, imagine you are in a junction

Applications-scenes wherein one-point perspective is used but rotated-corner of a building, book, box, two forked roads

Projective geometry

Applications

Parallel projections

- Projections wherein parallel lines remain parallel.-Ratios of distances between two different points (in a line) are preserved.- Three types: elevation, oblique projections, and isometric projections.

Elevations

- Only twocoordinates are considered

Cavalier Projections

Drawn from an angle, causing the front sides to look distorted.

Military Projections

The floor is drawn without distortions. The The walls emerge at an angle.

Isometric Projections

The perpendicular corners form 120 degree angles.

DO WE REALLY SEE THESE FIGURES WHEN WE LOOK AT A NORMAL HOUSE?

WHY OR WHY NOT?This is where perspective comes in…

Perspective Transformation

Perspective Transformation

What’s the difference?

TRivia

The cone of vision is only thirty degrees about the axis so the vanishing points of a cube at both sides can’t be seen at the same time.

Vanishing Points

- Since two parallel lines never intersect, these ‘vanishing points’ do not really exist in three-space, so where are they located?-A solution to this problem was introduced by Desargues.

- He introduced the idea that “points at infinity” exist.

Points at In

finity

- It is also called the ideal point.- The union of the number line and its point at

infinity will yield a closed curve. (the real projective line)- All lines now intersect, including parallel lines.

Arithmetic Operations

- New arithmetic operations were defined in this kind of system.

Desargues’ Theorem of

Homologous Triangles

Quiz

Applications