NAME AMJAD KHANMICROBIOLOGY 3 rd

ASSIGNMENT: 2

SUBJECT CELL BIOLOGY

SUBMITTED TO SIR,GHADIR ALI

PROTOPLASM

And Its Properties

PROTOPLASM

A colorless jellylike substance in which

food elements such as proteins, fats,

carbohydrates mineral salt and water are

present

forms the fundamental "living"

substance of the cell

,

OXYGEN, HYDROGEN,

CARBON & NITROGEN

Elements present in Protoplasm

COMPOUNDS OF

PROTOPLASM

Water - 75%

Proteins - cell structure, amino acid building blocks; 10-

20%

Lipids- source of energy; 2-3%

Carbohydrates - two or more simple sugars - oxidized

as a source of energy for repair and growth, 2%

Salts - 1%

DIVISIONS OF

PROTOPLASM

A) Nucleoplasm (AKA Nuclear SAP)

Contains DNA & nucleolus

B) Cytoplasm

1. protoplasm surrounding the nucleus

2. primary function - absorption & secretion

PROTOPLASM : THE

LIVING SUBSTANCE OF A

CELL (INCLUDING

CYTOPLASM AND NUCLEUS)

PROTOPLASM : The l iving

substance of a cel l ( including

cytoplasm and nucleus)

NUCLEOPLASM : The

protoplasm that constitutes

the nucleus of a cell

CYTOPLASM : The

protoplasm of a cell excluding

the nucleus

PROPERTIES OF PROTOPLASM

1. Irritability

2. Conductivity

3. Contractility & Mobility

4. Metabolism

5. Growth

6. Reproduction (mitosis vs. meiosis)

7. Absorption

8. Secretion

9. Excretion

10. Respiration

(2) CONDUCTIVITY:

Transmission of an ef fect

from one par t of the cell to

another throughout the cell

(1) IRRITABILITY : Can respond to

a stimulus in its environment

(4) METABOLISM : l ibe ra t ion o f ene rg y f r om nut r i en t s

necessa r y f o r g r owt h and r epa i r

1 . ca t abo l i sm - br eakdow n o f complex

compounds in t o s imple ones

2 . anabo l i sm - synt hes i s o f complex

compounds f r om s imple ones

(3) CONTRACTILITY & MOBILITY : Ability to

shorten its length in response to a stimulus

(5) Growth

An organized cell can

increase its bulk for

growth purposes

ex. mitosis for

multicellular organisms

1

(6) REPRODUCTION :

Mitosis vs. Meiosis

: the process by which cells

reproduce by dividing into two

identical cells called daughter cells

(7) ABSORPTION :

Pinocytosis - Cell drinking

Cell membrane invalidates, becomes

vacuole

Phagocytosis- Cell eating - solids

Elimination of useful

material

Elimination of

waste material

(10) Respiration O2 is

used to oxidize metabolites

to CO2 & H2O

1

(8) SECRETION (9) EXCRETION

STRUCTURES OF

PROTOPLASM

1. Cytoplasmic matrix - AKA Ground substance

2. Organelles- living structural components

3. Inclusions- nonliving cell products

(temporary constituents)