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PLANT BASED PROTEINS
AMINA P.E.
Ist M.Sc. BPS
Contents
Soy ProteinCotton Seed protein Rape seed protein
INTRODUCTION
Proteins are natural, renewable, and biodegradable polymers which have attracted considerable attention in recent years in terms of advances in genetic engineering, eco-friendly materials, and novel composite materials based on renewable sources.
Proteins, as naturally occurring polymers, are importantrenewable resources produced by animals, plants, and bacteria. ZIn terms of potential sources of materials, soy protein, zein, and wheat proteins (WP) are among the main plant proteins
Soy Protein
SOY PROTEIN
o The soybean plant called ‘ The Gold that Grows ’ , originated in China, has attracted attention in recent years because of its versatile uses.
o Soybeans contain approximately
>42 per cent protein,
>20 per cent oil,
>33 per cent carbohydrates,
>and 5 per cent ash on a dry basis.
The storage soy protiens consisit of a mixture of protiens α, β, and γ conglycinin, glycinin, and other globulins ranging in molecular weight from about 140 to 300 kDa and differing in physicochemical and other properties.
Process for Preparing soybean Protein concentrate
Once the oil is extracted, the protein level of the defatted solids, known as “meal”.
Processing of soybean involve to major industries
>Soybean crushing
>Protein ingredient processing
During crushing the beans are usually dried or heated to loosen the hull and cracked into 6-8 pieces
Aspirating and screening then separate the hull from the cotyledon pieces
The cotyledon pieces are heated and then flaked with roller mills.
The flakes are extracted with hexane to reduce oil content to less than 1%.
the amount of heat, moisture and time used to evaporates the solvent from the meal affect the solubility of the meal protein.
A flash desolventizer uses low moisture and shorter heat exposure to produce soy protein ingredients with high water solubility
Flash desolventization produces meal known as white flakes in which 85% of the protein soluble.
The bulk of soy protein concentrate is produced by extracting white flakes with 50-60% aq. Alcohol, 60% ethanol often preferred.
The most highly refined soy protein products commercially available are protein isolate being more than 90% protein.
Native Soy protein
Maximum tensile strength- 41MPa with molding temperature 160°C and moisture level 11.2%.
Plastic made from soy concentrate can have tensile strength slightly higher than those made from soy isolate
Properties
Modification of soy protein
Acid treatment
Acetylation
Cross linking
Esterification etc.
Application
Food uses:
>Salad dressings
>Soups
>Meat Analogues
>Beverage powders
>Cheeses etc.
Functional Uses:
>Adhesives
>Resins
>Cosmetics
>Paints
>Coatings etc.
Cotton seed protein
The cotton seed protein consist of
>20% protein
>20% oil
>and 3.5% starch
The cotton seed meal is a good source of protein. There are two types of meal extraction process
>Solvent extraction
>Mechanical Extraction process
Applications
It produces both food for animal and man
Versatile fiber for clothing
Home furnishing
Cosmetics
Industrial uses
Rape seed protein
The seed from the rape seed plant are 1.5-3.2mm in diameter
Weigh- 2.5-6.5g
Protein content- 15-18%
Fiber content 31-35%
Its mainly present in the cell wall
The essential amino acids present in the rape seed protein are
>Arginine
>Isoleutile
>Leutile
>lysin
>Phenyl alanin
>Valin
>Histidine
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