CONSTRUCTION OF MODIFIED

INDIGENOUS NYISHI TYPOLOGY

BY TANA SUMPI

…LAND OF THE RISING SUN

Arunachal Pradesh is situated in the North Eastern part of India with 83743 sq.kms area between latitude 26 30’ N

and 29 30’ N and longitude 91 30’ E and 97 30’ E. The state has a long international border with Bhutan to the west

(160km), China to the North and north-east (1080km) and Myanmar to the east (440km). In terms of area, it is the

largest state in the North Eastern Region.Arunachal Pradesh was a Union Territory and attained

statehood on20th February 1987 and although this new state became

the largest state area–wise in the North- East region ,even larger than Assam , yet the population of Arunachal

Pradesh is the smallest with only 10,96,702 according to the 2001 census. This population is apparently drawn into

the urban areas as there is evidence of a high level of urbanization.

THE NYISHI TRIBE OF ARUNACHALPRADESH

PURPOSE???

• To bring forth the idea of construction of houses in the north eastern region using bamboo.

• Bamboo is the most economical and easily available material for construction in the north eastern regions.

• Bamboo is the most ECO FRIENDLY material and it is the need of the hour.

BAMBOO tree- bambusa pulgaris

THE GREEN GOLD OF

ARUNACHAL PRADESH

Species of grass “poacea”

STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF BAMBOO

FIBRES RUN PARALLEL TO THE AXIS OF THE CULM (stem)

NOT CONTINUOUS ALONG THE LENGTH, THEY BEND TOWARDS THE INSIDE OF THE NODES

NO RADIAL FIBRES EXIST

THE MORE THE FIBRES , GETS MORE DIFFICULT TO FRACTURE THE MATERIAL

BAMBOO POSSESS HIGH ELASTICITY

BAMBOO ELASTICITY IS 1.5 to 2.0 x 105 kg / cm2

The specific gravity is 0.575 The average weight is 0.625 Kg/m

The reinforcement nodes (diaphragms) prevent the emerging longitudinal cracks from spreading over the entire tube length.

TRADITIONAL BAMBOO HOUSE

• The indigenous house is constructed with Wooden & Bamboo using (Thatch, Chinese Palm leaves, Cane leaves and Jungle Banana Leaves) as roofing materials whichever is locally available.

• The entire Joint are bind with cane ropes

Parts of a local Nyishi house

• THE KITHCEN CUM FIRE PLACE “emmi”

• The base is constructed with four bamboo support and on the surface of the room 4

1 foot wooden blocks on a banana leaf and then soil is applied upto the height of the blocks,thus the stove can be laid for kitchen purpose.

THE ROOF MADE WITH BAMBOO TRUSS, TOKO LEAF AND CGI SHEET

The FRONT verandah The REAR verandah

DRAWBACK…

The longitivity of this type of house is 10 to 12 Years by replacing roofing materials after every 3 to 5 years.

The wooden foundation used gets rut due to bacterial action and there is danger of structure collapsing.

During very heavy rainfall the roof starts leaking because of which the local people have sorted out the modified type of house construction.

THE MODIFIED TYPOLOGY

BAMBOO WALLING

• The improved indigenous Nyishi house have similar plan but construction materials are changed in some parts that is the pillars portion is replaced with RCC Post with RCC footing AND roofing with CGI sheet

• The roofing materials are bamboo chims and CGI Sheets in place of Thatch, Chinese Palm leaves, Cane leaves and Jungle Banana Leaves.

• The longitivity of the improved type of indigenous Nyishi House is about 20 to 25 Years.

• The modified typology is more earthquake resistant due to the composite material used i.e combination of concrete and rcc with the commonly available bamboo.

AN AUTOCAD PLAN OF THE NYISHI HOUSE

• The Houses floor level is raised 2.50 Mtr from the ground level and ceiling level is 2.50 Mtr from the floor level.

• The plan consists of rear verandah, Common room with fire place, bed room, Guest room, Front Verandah & side verandah.

COMPARISONS.No ITEM Cement Concrete house Bamboo based house

1 Cost /sq.ft Rs.800-1000 Rs.450-5502 Life span 75 years 15years3 Annual maintenance All most negligible Bi annual insect maintenance

must4 Time for construction Min. six months Min. two to four weeks.

5 Skill labour availability more Less

6 Quality control Testing labs available every where.

Yet to be developed.

7 Quality of building material availability

plenty Quality bamboo availability limited

8 Other building components available Very few sources for roof, door, and floor bamboo based products.

9 Pre cast building components

available Yet to develop

10 Scope for application Every where Suitable for earth quake resisting structures

11 Suitability Every where Quality bamboo producing areas like N-E.

12 Need for further development

Already well developed and lot of research going on.

Need for more research.

ADVANTAGE..

• The Nyishi typology is very flexible and light structure thus resistant to earthquake because of its light weight construction. Also If damaged in case of devastating earthquake rector scale there will be less casualty or zero casualty because it will not collapse like rigidly built brick walling and heavy and rigid building.

CONCLUSION

Development of Bamboo houses depends on• availability of graded & standardised raw material

and eco friendly preservatives and preservative facilities;

• Access to design information like standards & codes, design procedures to engineers/ Architects;

• trained man power• Participation of NGO’s and Government in

encouraging wider use of bamboo building; • standard designs and Do-it-yourself kits.

Notice that the stiffest tree is

most easily cracked during

strong winds but the bamboo survives by

bending with the wind

THANK YOU