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Continuous Teacher Training in Madagascar
OPERATION ASSISTED TRAINING BY MOBILE
e-Learning Africa (Windhoek, Namibia – 2013)
Partnership
Experimental programme for open-distance teacher training:- Jointly managed in Madagascar by the Agence universitaire de la
Francophonie (AUF) and the Institut national de formation pédagogique (INFP)
- Participates in international efforts encouraging good basic education for all and aims at improving teaching skills and teachers’ competence in French and in French-language teaching
“Mobile” experiment in Madagascar: - AUF, Orange and Agence française de développement (AFD)
partnership- Use of mobile telephones as an educational support for teachers in
the teacher training programme- Amoron’i Mania province
The Training Programme
1st group
2nd group
3rd group
Evaluation
I I I I
Self-training tutorial ( Ambositra: 458 teachers—22 tutors)
+“Teaching Kit”: written and audio resources
+Use of mobile telephone
+Initiation to IT and Internet
End August—beginning September 2012
December 2012 End March—beginning April 2013
9 Months (one school year) + evaluation of the whole programme
May 2013 for teachersOctober 2013 for the programme (independent eval.)
AUF & INFP’s needs
Services proposed by Orange
• Audio Resources Support
• Teacher TrainingSupport
Mobile telephone with MP3 player andsolar charger distributed to all teachers
Free calls between teachers and tutors
Voice server
Gateway for sending MCQ and information by SMS
A single Web interface serving IFADEM
• Secure Payment Orange Money
AUF’s Needs and Proposals From Orange
Programme EvaluationNeeds Implementation
• Follow-up support and programme evaluation
Evaluation Protocol / Research Based on Using:
”Administrative” data on teachers’ particulars (user chart subject to agreement)
Data collected from telephone call logs (TCL)
Data Android observation probe (Alcatel mobiles only)
Teacher feedback at programme’s end (questionnaires) in partnership with the University of Mulhouse (France)
Qualitative interviews after quantitative analyses (TCL and questionnaires) in partnership with the University of Antananarivo (Madagascar)
Who Are the Teachers?
Aging and poorly trained teachers:– Aged (average age 52, 8/10 over 50)– 8/10 have at best a junior secondary certificate– 1/4 non-public servant (without initial teacher training)– Balanced man/woman ratio
The majority are already familiar with the use of a mobile phone:– More than 2/3 already have access to a mobile or have already
owned one– 3/4 have no electricity– Important differences between school districts for first mobile
ownership and access to electricity
458 primary teachers are being trained, 22 of whom act as tutors.
Some Schools Have Poor Mobile Network Coverage
16/0
9/20
12
23/0
9/20
12
30/0
9/20
12
07/1
0/20
12
14/1
0/20
12
21/1
0/20
12
28/1
0/20
12
04/1
1/20
12
11/1
1/20
12
18/1
1/20
12
25/1
1/20
12
02/1
2/20
12
09/1
2/20
12
16/1
2/20
12
23/1
2/20
12
30/1
2/20
12
06/0
1/20
13
13/0
1/20
13
20/0
1/20
13
27/0
1/20
13
03/0
2/20
13
10/0
2/20
13
17/0
2/20
13
24/0
2/20
13
03/0
3/20
13
10/0
3/20
13
17/0
3/20
13
24/0
3/20
13
31/0
3/20
130
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Evolution of the total number of calls made and SMS sent per day
Nombre d'appels émis Nombre de SMS envoyés
1sts reunionsProgressive
distribution of mobiles
School holidays
2nd reunions withreminder on the use of
mobiles
School holidays
Peak in calls and SMS January 1st Marked seasonality
(lower activity at we)
3rd reunions
Evolution of Volume of Outgoing Calls and SMS
- Peak use during reunion periods- Lower use at weekends, which could be interpreted as primarily professional use of mobiles - Primarily calls, SMS use is less developed
Teacher Participation in MCQ
Base : enseignants et tuteurs ayant suivi la formation (458 individus) Clé de lecture : 10% des enseignants et tuteurs n’ont répondu à aucun QCM, 28% ont répondu à moins de 10% des QCM. Source : Informations obtenues à partir des données de la plateforme web Orange (nov 2012 - mars 2013)
10% 28% 8% 10% 13% 29% 2%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
0 QCM
<10%
10 à 30%
30 à 50%
50 à 70%
70 à 99%
100%
PARTICIPATION
Nulle Anecdotique Faible Forte Modérée
- Participation varies considerably depending on the individual:- 10% of trainees did not participate in the MCQ campaign- 31% showed strong participation, responding to more than 7 out of 10 MCQ
- Higher participation for:- tutors, highest degree holders, women, civil servants, Ambositra school district (result
of coverage?)- individuals already with a mobile and electricity- however no difference depending on the mobile distributed (Alcatel / ZTE)
Essentially Professional Communications
- 2/3 of outgoing calls are within the teacher / tutor community
- Almost 70% of outgoing SMS are connected to the MCQ campaign
TotalAverage
(for all 458 teachers)
Average (for teachers making
at least one nonpackage
communication)
Total number of nonpackage outgoing calls
55 470 121 170
Total calling time 675h19 1h28 2h04Total number of nonpackage SMS 1 596 3 5
Total amount nonpackage (in Ariary) 7 120 287 15 546 21 841
- 71% of teachers made at least one paying call or sent one paying SMS
- These cost the equivalent of 1€ / month
3 Profiles According to the Intensity of Communication Via
Mobile50% of participants
Monthly average ingoing calls: 26 minMonthly average outgoing calls: 32 min - between teachers (R+M): 50 min - personal outside group (R+M): 8 minMonthly average SMS for QUIZ: 19
25% of participantsMonthly average ingoing calls: 121 minMonthly average outgoing calls: 127 min - between teachers (R+M): 206 min - personal outside group (R+M): 42 minMonthly average SMS for QUIZ: 31
25% of participantsMonthly average ingoing calls: 2 minMonthly average outgoing calls: 6 min - between teachers (R+M): 7 min - personal outside group (R+M): 1 minMonthly average SMS for QUIZ: 6
Mobile Use Outside Teaching
- Survey during the last reunion: - 92% of teachers use their mobile to follow the news or for their schedule (radio,
wakeup call, calculator, planner, etc.) - 65% use their mobile for recreation (music, games, etc.)
- For Alcatel Smartphone users: the analysis of probe data show that music players, radios, cameras, calculators and dictaphones were the most tested devices
Base: data collected for 42 teachers Key for reading: 81% of individuals for whom information was collected used the music player at least once during the month of October.Source: Data Androïd probe (Oct. 3rd 2012—end March/beginning April 2013)
Listening to Audio Training Files
- 41 audio files were uploaded on teachers’ mobiles to help them progress in their training.
Audio
1
Audio
3
Audio
5
Audio
7
Audio
9
Audio
11
Audio
13
Audio
15
Audio
17
Audio
19
Audio
21
Audio
23
Audio
25
Audio
27
Audio
29
Audio
31
Audio
33
Audio
35
Audio
37
Audio
39
Audio
410%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
81%
48%
For each audio training file, % of teachers listening at least once
On average, almost 2/3 of teachers listened to one audio file
Source : Data Androïd probe (Oct 3rd 2012— end March / beginning April 2013 for the 42 teachers for whom data was provided.
- Listening to audio training files varies widely from teacher to teacher:On average, teachers listened to 65% of uploaded files.One fourth listened to almost all the files (40 or 41 files).However one fourth listened to less than 30% of the files.
Particulars According to Profile No significant differences according to:
- Status (civil servant / contract employee)- Age- Education (BEPC / BAC and higher)- Type of mobile owned (Smartphone / feature phone)
However, we see differences according to:- Role in the experiment (tutors make more calls than non tutors)- Geographical localisation (teachers from school districts with poor network
coverage make fewer calls)- Ownership or previous ownership of a mobile (more calls)- Access to electricity (more calls)- Gender (men make a few more calls, but the difference is hardly significant)
Conclusion: teachers have adopted the mobile Differences in use are due to network coverage and not to a rejection of
technology
Conditions For Success
Know Your Public And Listen to Their Needs !
Conditions For Success
513 pairs of glasses distributed
(Lions Club partnership)
- 402 eyeglasses for near vision
- 111 eyeglasses for far vision
THANK YOU
Analysis for Orange: [email protected]
[email protected] for IFADEM Madagascar:Tojonirina Razafindrakoto (AUF)
Lolona Rakotovao (ENS Antananarivo)Analysis at University of Mulhouse:
Sondess Zarrouk
