PRETEST

Punctuation and Capitalization

Rewrite the following sentences:1.did i tell you to go

out2.get some sleep dad

said3.what subject has

professor villa been teaching

4. i live in north carolina

5. its already 12.

6. dont forget to buy milk bread and butter

7. dante aligheri wrote the divine comedy

8. speaking good english he impressed the audience

9. bring the following paper pen and eraser.

Rewrite the following sentences:

10.stop the old woman yelled

Rewrite the following sentences:

Punctuation and

Capitalization

IMPORTANCE:Helps clear the ground for you.

Without punctuation marks, a written work is like a jumbled mass of words without any divisions to mark pauses and breaks in thought.

Who is calling Joe?Who is calling, Joe?

Period (.) 1. At the end of declarative

and imperative sentences.Example:Declarative:

The book is on the desk.Imperative:

Go to the grocery store.

Period (.) 2. In abbreviationExample:

Ed Wilson, Ph.D. will be lecturing about insects.

Ms. Audrey Aimes is an award-winning photographer.

Period (.) 3. Inside quotation marks:Example:

The determined scientist thought to himself, “I must find a solution.”

Question Mark (?) 1. Ends a direct quotation:Example:

Where did you come from?NOTE: Indirect questions don’t

require (?) but (.) after them.He asked me where I had

come from.

Question Mark (?) 1. Ends a direct quotation:Example:

Did you take a bath?The teacher asked if I took a bath.

Exclamation Mark (!) 1. Used after a sentence

that expresses a strong feeling.

Example:Don’t just stand there! Do something!You’re just a mess!

Quotation Marks (“)1. Around the exact words

of a speaker:Example:

The teacher said, “We will have an exam next Tuesday.”

Quotation Marks (“)2. Around titles of songs,

short articles or essays, stories, poems:

Example:We read the poem “The Road not Taken” by Robert Frost.

Quotation Marks (“)2. Around titles of songs,

short articles or essays, stories, poems:

Example:I watch the movie “Troy.”

Comma (,)1. Between individual

items in a series or list:Example:

Remember to buy milk, butter, eggs, bread, and juice.

Comma (,)2. Before and After names in a

direct address:Example:

Joe, will you please pass the butter?Please pass the butter, Joe.

Comma (,)3. After introductory

expressions/ phrases.Example:

Unfortunately, I only had 2.5 GPA last semester.Sleeping soundly, Linda did not wake up when the earthquake hit.

Comma (,)4. Around appositive/ throw-

in interrupting expression.

Example: Barry Bonds, the best home run hitter in baseball, is left-handed.Abraham Lincoln, in my opinion, is a good leader.

Comma (,)5. With quotations:Example:

Sigmund Freud asked, “What do women want?” Jack said, “Who is your best friend?”

Comma (,)6. Between elements in

locations, dates, or addresses:

Example: My father was born on January 1, 1958.

NOTE: Do not use commas if the date is inverted—21 March 2014—or if it does not include the day.

Apostrophe (‘)1. In possessives, between the

end of the word and s when the word does not end in s; but after the s in words ending in s.

Example: That is Andy’s jar.That is the Taylors’ house.

Apostrophe (‘)2. In contractions, to signify

where letters have been omitted:

Example:The bad guys in movies sometimes aren’t very smart.Isn’t it amazing?

Apostrophe (‘)3. Before the s in plurals of

letters, numbers, and words.

Example:Dr. Yenser gave six A’s, three B’s, nine C’s, and two D’s in his literature class.

Colon (:)2. When introducing a

quotation after a complete sentence:

Example:Remember the words of Confucius: “Do not do unto others what you don’t want others do unto you.”

Colon (:)3. In a salutation of a formal

letter:Example:To Whom It May Concern:

NOTE: Salutations in less formal letters tend to have

commas

Colon (:)3. Between hours and

minutes and between minutes and seconds of time or ratio:

Example:7:00 1:2 6:08:12

Colon (:)4. Between main clauses when the first signals that the second will provide an answer or definition:

Example:Faith is like love: It

cannot be forced.

Semi-Colon (;)1. In place of a comma and a conjunction to join independent clauses:

Example:He is handsome; he has a

pleasing attitude.Instead of: He is handsome because he has a pleasing attitude.

Semi-Colon (;)2. Before a conjunctive adverb (like however or therefore):

Example:I want to shift to BSIT;

therefore, I need to get good grades.

Semi-Colon (;)3. Between items in a list when the list items have commas:

Example:Three movies I have seen recently are Jaws, about a killer shark off the coast of New England; K-19, about a Russian submarine; and Pod People, about a little boy who makes friends with an alien.

1. Enclose editorial comments or clarifications inserted into quoted material.His embarrassment had peaked [sic] her curiosity.

2. Enclose insertions that supply missing letters or that alter the form of the original word.

He dryly observed that they bought the stock because “ they want[ed] to see themselves getting richer.”

Brackets []

3. Functions as parentheses within parentheses.

Posner’s recent essays (like his earlier Law and Literature [1988]) bear this out.

1. Indicates the omission of one or more words within a quoted sentence

…2. Indicates one or more lines omitted from a poem

…………………………………………3. Indicates faltering speech or unfinished sentence in dialogue.

“I mean …” he stammered, “ like … How?”

Ellipses …

1. Enclose phrases and clauses that provide examples, explanations, or supplementary facts.

Four computers (all outdated models) were replaced.

2. Enclose numerals that confirm a spelled-out number in a business or legal context.

Delivery will be made in thirty (30) days.

Parentheses

3. Enclose numbers or letters indicating individual items in a series within a sentence.

Sentences can be classified as (1) simple, (2) multiple, and (3) complex.

Capitalization

1. For proper nounsJonathan lives in Los Angeles.

2. For generic names with proper noun.

We will go to Gaisano Mall.

3. For the first word in the sentence.

Did you leave the oven on when you left the house?

4. For the pronoun I:Even if I wanted to, I still could not.

5. For the title of the relative when the relative is named:

That blonde woman is Aunt Delia.

6. For titles that precede a proper name (but not when name is not given)

My doctor is Doctor Moore.He is my doctor. (not Doctor)

7. For words in titles (except conjunctions, preposition and articles)

Chronicles of Narnia is one of my favorite movies.

The Road not Taken8. For races and ethnic groups, historical, religious or political groups.

Laurie married a Nigerian last year.

9. For specific course title. I took Renaissance Literature last semester.

ANSWER

Punctuation and Capitalization

Rewrite the following sentences:1.did i tell you to go

outDid I tell you to go

out?

2. get some sleep dad said

“Get some sleep,” Dad said.

Rewrite the following sentences:3. what subject has

professor villa been teaching

What subject has Professor Villa been teaching?

4. i live in north carolinaI live in North Carolina.

Rewrite the following sentences:

5. its already 12 51 but im still up

It’s already 12:51.

6. dont forget to buy milk bread and butter

Don’t forget to buy milk, bread, and butter.

7. dante aligheri wrote the divine comedy

Dante Aligheri wrote the Divine Comedy.

Rewrite the following sentences:

8. speaking good english he impressed the audience

Speaking good English, he impressed the audience.

9. bring the following paper pen and eraser.

Bring the following: paper, pen, and eraser.

Rewrite the following sentences:

10.stop the old woman yelled

“Stop!” the old woman yelled.

Rewrite the following sentences: