PREVIEW OF

HAZMAT TECHNICIAN

HEALTH & SAFETY

POWERPOINT TRAINING PRESENTATION

GOALS

To understand the Health & Safety Requirements for the emergency responder in Hazardous Materials Emergencies

ASPHYXIANTS

Signs & SymptomsProgressive Problems

RestlessnessAgitationDrowsinessConfusionStuporComaDeath

COROSIVES

DecontaminationSkin & eyes should be

decontaminated withlarge amounts of water for at least 15-20 minutes

SENSITIZERS

Causes allergic reactions after repeated exposure

Reactions can be immediate or may not appear for several hours

With repeated reactions each will become worse

NEUROTOXINS

ExamplesHydrocarbon insecticides (Aldrin & Dieldrin)Halogen fumigants (Methyl bromide)Organophosphates (Diazinon & Dursban)Solvents (Phenol, Ethylene Oxide)

MUTAGENS

Toxic agents that cause genetic changes in DNA

Occur in genetic material such as sperm & eggs

TERATOGENS

Cause malformation in the unborn child

INFECTIOUS AGENTS

ExamplesVaccine Preventable Non Vaccine Preventable

Hepatitis A Hepatitis C*Hepatitis B Most FungiMeasles Tuberculosis**Chickenpox Parasites

Lyme Disease

*Vaccine is under testing and may soon be available** Vaccine is used in other countries and with high risk researchers

but it is not know if it it is efficient

PHYSICIAL & CHEMICAL PROPERITES

Normally solid material cause less harm than liquids or gases

Solids are normally controllable

Gases can rapidly diffuse in the bloodstream

SUUIFICIENT AMOUNT TO CAUSE HARM

A particle of Cesium the size of a pin head can be deadly to many humans

Water taken in large quantities can disrupt the body chemistry enough to cause death

EXPOSURE

Occurs when a toxic substance or infectious agent is taken into the body or comes in direct contact with the body

If you enter an enclosed space and are exposed to a toxic gas, when you leave the exposure ends

CHARACTERISTICS OF SUSPECTIABLE PERSON

Some people are more susceptible than others

Some one who has had repeated exposures may have developed a systemic allergy to the toxin

Latex is a common item but certain people can develop an allergy due to repeated exposures

CHRONIC EXPOSURE

Occurs over a long period of time

Breathing low concentrations of CO over multiple exposures for days to months could be considered chronic exposure

POISIONIOUS GASESCLASS 2, DIVISION 2.3

Can be toxic in small amountsPrimary route of exposure is inhalationExamples are

Cyanogen gasPhosgene gasOrganic phosphates in compressed gases

COMBUSTIBLE & FLAMMABLE LIQUIDSCLASS 3

Halogenated hydrocarbons can affect the liver & kidneys

Benzene is a known carcinogenSkin absorption can enhanced absorption of other

hydrocarbons

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Factors affecting toxic response to lungs

Rate & depth of respirationDuration of exposureType & concentration of exposureRoute of entrySite of deposition

GASTROINTESTIONAL SYSTEMMost toxins are absorbed in

the stomach & small intestine & flow into the liver via the blood supply

The liver metabolizes the toxins & changes them into a form that can be excreted

KIDNEYS

Toxins that affect the kidneys are called nephrotoxins

They can cause kidney damage causing the kidney not to properly filter the blood

Examples of toxinsMercuryCadmiumArsenicLead

IRRITATION

Produces a local inflammatory responseCan result with dermatitis from repeated exposureCaused by exposure to

SolventsTrioxidesDichromates

CORROSION

Disintegration of skin caused by corrosivesCan lead to

UlcerationTissue Death

Scar formationExamples

Acids BasesChromium

PHOTOSENSITIZATIONExposure to a chemical then to sunlight

Results in SunburnSkin thickeningPigment changes

ExamplesSoapsDetergentsMedicines

NERVOUS SYSTEM

Toxic effect are partially controlled by predisposing toxins such as alcohol consumption, diabetes, & other

health conditions

Primary concern is nerve cell injury, which have little capacity to regenerate

EYES

Acid burns can cause scaring of the lids & conjunctiva, & damage to tearing ability

Alkali burns may appear to be mild but later can result in ulceration, perforation, clouding, or deep eye damage

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