Programming Fundamentals week 2
Programming Fundamentals week 2Tutor: Bilal Janjooa Assistant
Professor UOLMS Telecom. Eng. From University of Sunderland UKBilal
Janjooa [email protected]
1
Lecture 3 + 4
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3 Machine Languages, Assembly Languages, and High-level
LanguagesThree types of computer languagesMachine languageOnly
language computer directly understandsNatural language of
computerDefined by hardware designMachine-dependentGenerally
consist of strings of numbers
Instruct computers to perform elementary operationsOne at a
time
Example:+1300042774+1400593419+1200274027Bilal Janjooa
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4Machine Languages, Assembly Languages, and High-level
LanguagesThree types of computer languagesAssembly
languageEnglish-like abbreviations representing elementary computer
operations Clearer to humansIncomprehensible to computersTranslator
programs (assemblers)Convert to machine languageExample:
LOADBASEPAYADD OVERPAYSTORE GROSSPAY
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5 Machine Languages, Assembly Languages, and High-level
LanguagesThree types of computer languagesHigh-level languages
Similar to everyday English, use common mathematical
notationsSingle statements accomplish substantial tasksAssembly
language requires many instructions to accomplish simple
tasksTranslator programs (compilers)Convert to machine
languageInterpreter programsDirectly execute high-level language
programsExample:grossPay = basePay + overTimePayBilal Janjooa
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Introduction to C++Programming
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6
History of C and C++History of CEvolved from two other
programming languagesBCPL and BTypeless languagesDennis Ritchie
(Bell Laboratories)Added data typing, other featuresDevelopment
language of UNIXHardware independentPortable programs1989: ANSI
standard1990: ANSI and ISO standard publishedANSI/ISO 9899:
19907
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History of C and C++History of C++ Extension of CEarly 1980s:
Bjarne Stroustrup (Bell Laboratories)Spruces up CProvides
capabilities for object-oriented programmingObjects: reusable
software components Model items in real worldObject-oriented
programsEasy to understand, correct and modifyHybrid languageC-like
styleObject-oriented styleBoth8
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Source code, Object code and Compiler.Sourcecodeis the version
of a computer program as it is originally written (i.e., typed into
a computer) by a human in a programming language. Object codeis the
output of a compiler after it processes sourcecode. A compiler is a
specialized program that converts source codeintoobject code.Bilal
Janjooa [email protected]
10Phases of C++
Programs:EditPreprocessCompileLinkLoadExecute
Loader
PrimaryMemory
Program is created inthe editor and storedon disk.
Preprocessor programprocesses the code.
Loader puts programin memory.
CPU takes eachinstruction andexecutes it, possiblystoring new
datavalues as the programexecutes.
Compiler
Compiler createsobject code and storesit on disk.
Linker links the objectcode with the libraries,creates a.out
andstores it on disk
Editor
Preprocessor
Linker
CPU
PrimaryMemory
...
...
...
...
Disk
Disk
Disk
Disk
Disk
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Flow of C++ Program
Compile:Translate a program fromsourcecode toassemblycode.
Assembler:Translate a program fromassemblycode toobjectcode
(sometimes these two steps are combined and called compiling).
Link:Pull together all of the functions needed for the program
(both user definedobjectsandsystem libraries) and arrange that
locations of functions and variables are known. This step creates
theexecutable.
Load:Move theexecutableinto computer memory.Execute:Run the
program Bilal Janjooa [email protected]
#include main ( ){cout Declaration line
i
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Bilal Janjooa [email protected] #include main ( ){int
x ;int y ;int z ;x = 10 ;y = 20 ;z = x + y ;
cout
