THE REVOLUTION

OF 1896

Power Point presentation of John Christopher Cabral Grachelle Joyce G.Villacorta

Conditions Before The Revolution Late in 1895. Bonifacio was busy

propagating the political ideals of the Katipunan in many towns around Manila, some Spanish authorities were already suspecting a brewing unrest related to an underground society whose purpose was to end Spanish rule.

Secret gathering in Batangas where rifles and other weapons were being smuggled

Along the coast of the province Yokohama

Ordered the banishment of some prominent citizens of Batangas and Bulacan.

There was general dissatisfaction among the Filipinos.

Very few Filipinos were gainfully employed.

Common people were suffering from heavy taxation, from abusive friars and civil authorities, and from lack if economic opportunities.

Government was spending millions of pesos for the army and navy, the amount being spent for public improvement was pitifully small.

The institution of forced labor provided opportunities for rampant abuse of Filipinos by Spaniards.

Discovery of The “Katipunan”

Father Gil immediately rushed to the headquarters of the Manila police and informed the officers regarding Patino’s revelation. In the printing shop of the daily newspaper (Diario De Manila)

Patiño told Father Gil that the pieces of the existence of the existence of the secret society. The police was convinced and to avert a possible rebellions. They raided many houses in Manila and the suburbs looking for alleged members of the Katipunan. That night of August 19, the police arrested many innocent Filipinos.

The Cry Of the Pugadlawin

In spite of the refusal by the wealthy Filipinos to help the Katipunan.

Bonifacio and his men did not lose hope. When the Katipunan was discovered on august 19, Bonifacio was in “Caloocan” with his wife, Gregoria de Jesus. Fearing that he might be arrested if he remained in Caloocan.

Bonifacio decided to move in Balintawak. He ordered his “runners” to inform all

Katipuneros that there would be a meeting in Balintawak.

Sitio Kankong, a part of Balintawak, and arrived at the next Sitio called Pugadlawin

A huge meetigng was held at the yard of Juan Ramos, the son of Melchora Aquino or Tandang Sora, also known as the mother of Katipunan

Bonifacio asked a fight for freedom. All men brought out their cedulas and tore

them into pieces. They shouted “Mabuhay ang Pilipinas!

Mabuhay!” This event happened on August 23, it is known

as “cry of pugadlawin.” symbolized the determination of the Filipinos to fight for independence even unto death.

The Fighting Begins

While the event at Pugadlawin was happened, a group of Katipuneros who had become from Manila because of their inferior weapons, Bonifacio ordered his men, to retreat to another sitio called “Pasong Tamo.” On August 25, the Katipuneros develop themselves

and deliberately to avoid being hit. Two katipuneros was killed.

On August 28, Bonifacio issued a manifesto to the City of Manila.

The proposed attack on the Manila. Bonifacio did not take place her men’s lacked reinforcement and necessary.

▪The proposed attack on the Manila. Bonifacio did not take place her men’s lacked reinforcement and necessary supply of arms.▪Bonifacio ordered attack San Juan Del Monte.

Martial Law

The revolutionary flames was rapidly spreading to other province of central Luzon and Southern Tagalog province of Cavite, Laguna, Batangas.

This policy , know as Blanco’s policy of attraction

Dr. Pio Valenzuela and few of his companions took advantage of his provision.

Persecution Continues

The reign terror did not stop with the proclamation of Martial Law in the first eight provinces that rebelled against Spain. The colonial government continued policy of repression to crow.

Many died when the water of the Pasig river entered the lower portion, while died of suffocation.

Like Luis R. Yangco, were arrested for allegedly having connections with the Katipunan.

The Spanish authorites wanted to export money from them by promising them their freedom if the would pay it.

Like Bulacan, the Spaniards massacred them to tell on their friends and oven relatives.

Thirteen Martyrs Of Cavite -> Cavite’s were executed part of Rizal Part.

Rizal execution

He was imprisoned in Fort Santiago and later, was tried as a traitor of Spain.

Rizal defend himself with help of a Spanish Military lawyer. He strongly denied any connection with Katipunan.

He explained that since his exile in Dapitan. But military did not listen. He was sentenced to be shot in death.

Brother, sister, and their Parents appalled to government refused.

Rizal was executed early in the morning of December 30, 1896.

His execution did not hearted the revolutionists, on the country and its independence.

Bonifacio Goes to Cavite

The Katipunan in Cavite was divided into factions. The “Magdiwang” and “Magdalo”

The two functions led to several defeats of the he revolutionists.

Bonifacio arrived in Cavite toward end of December 1896.

The Tejeros Convention

March 22, 1897 -> date of conversion that was held at the estate hours of Tejeios.

The katipunero’s offical’s President:……………………… Emalio

AguinaldoVice President:…………........ Marriana Trias Captain of War:……..Emilliano Riego de

Dios Derector of the interior….. Andres Bonifacio

Another Meeting at Tejeros

The Following day, March 23, Bonifacio, Ricarte, and many others met.

They agreed to issue a document which would put on record what happened in the election that was held the previous day.

This document called “acta de Tejeros” The main reason they cited was the

fraund committed by the Magdalo people. After signing the resolution.

The Naik Military Agreement

Still angry with Daniel Tirona, who insulted him, Bonifacio, now in the town of Naik, Cavite, persuaded his men to draw up another document.

Militaty agreement in which another government would be established.

General Pio Del Pilar was to become the commander of this army.

The head of the government to be established was Bonifacio himself.

Among who signed, aside Bonifacio, brother were Artemio Ricarte, Pio Del Pilar, Severino de las Alas

The Execution of Bonifacio

After signing the Naik Military Agreement, Bonifacio, his wife, his two brothers, and some followers, left for the town of Indang and settled in the Barrio of Limbon.

Colonel Agapito Bonzon captured Bonifacio and his brother brought to the municipal building of Indang with Bonifacio having a wound on his neck. Later, he was transferred to Maragondon, where he was tried for treason.

Without evidence, the military court pronounced Bonifacio and his brother Procopio, guilty of treason and they were sentenced to be shot.

May 10, 1897, Major Lazaro Macapagal, took the prisoners from their prison cells and brought them to Mt. Tala, where the Bonifacio brothers were executed.

The Government of Central Luzon

Governor-General Camilo de Polaveja, succeeded General Ramon Blanco in December 1896, grew tired of fighting the Filipinos who refused to surrender,

Governor General Fernando Primo de Rivera, took personal charge of the military campaign against the rebels. By May, almost the whole province of Cavite was in the hands of the Spaniards.

Aguinaldo retreated to Batangas, however, he succeeded in eluding the enemy and, with some faithful followers, headed for the hilly parts of Morong.

500 faithful armed men, Aguinaldo walked the distance to San Juan del Monte and Montalban, and on to Biak-Na-Bato, in San Miguel de Mayuno, Bulacan, where he established his headquarters.

News of Aguinaldo’s arrival in Biak-Na-Bato reached the people of Central Luzon.

This comprised the province of Manila. Morong, Bulacan, Laguna, Bataan, Nueva Ejica, and Pangasinan. Those present in meeting elected the following official’s .

President:……………………….Father Pedro DandanVice President:……………….…...Anastacio FranciscoSecretary of Treasury…………………Paciano RizalSecretary of War.……………….Cipriano PachecoSecretary of the Interior………….….Teodoro

GonzalesSecretary of Welfare……………...Feliciano Jocson

The Biak-Na-Bato Republic

It is not found in the Constitution of Jimaguayu, Article VIII provided that “Tagalog shall be the official language of the Republic.” The Constitution was approved on November 1. The following days, these officers were elected:

President……..…………………Emilio Aguinaldo

Vice President………………………Mariano Trias

Secretary of Foreign Affairs...Antonio Montenegro

Secretary of the Interior…………Isabelo Artacho

Secretary of War….………Emiliano Riego de Dios

Secretary of the Treasury…..Baldomero Aguinaldo

The Truce of Biak-Na-Bato

On the November 18, 1897, the first document was signed by Paterno on behalf of the Filipino rebels, and by Primo de Rivera, on behalf of the colonial government.

Other matters were clarified and a second document was signed by Paterno and Primo de Rivera. There three document together constitute what may be called the “Truce of Biak-na-bato.

Among other things, the agreement provided the following:

(1) That Aguinaldo and his men would go into voluntary exile;

(2) That Primo de Rivera would pay Aguinaldo the sum of Php 800,000 in three installment: (a) Php 400,000 upon his departure from the Philippines, (b) Php 200,000 when general amnesty had been proclaimed and the “Te Deum” had been sung; and

(3) That Primo de Rivera would pay an additional Php 900,000 to the Families of non-combatant Filipinos who suffered during the revolution.

On December 27, Aguinaldo , together with some men of his choice boarded a ship for Hongkong. He had with him a check for Php 400,000.