BehaviourismBehaviourism

TreatmentsTreatments

ModellingModelling

Bandura Ross and RossBandura Ross and Ross

Imitation and Identification – imitation = Imitation and Identification – imitation = copying directly, identification = copying directly, identification = internalising other’s behaviourinternalising other’s behaviour

Bobo Doll experiment.Bobo Doll experiment.

Implosion TherapyImplosion Therapy

CS ----CS ---- CR learning needs to be CR learning needs to be ‘unlearned’ in a phobia for e.g.‘unlearned’ in a phobia for e.g.

Confront CS without escape to one-trial Confront CS without escape to one-trial learn adaptive response. Replace fear learn adaptive response. Replace fear with relaxation techniques = adaptive with relaxation techniques = adaptive responseresponse

Force feeding in hospitals – danger levels Force feeding in hospitals – danger levels anorexia. (sectioned under Mental Health anorexia. (sectioned under Mental Health Act)Act)

Systematic DesensitisationSystematic Desensitisation

Hierarchical introduction to CS with aim of Hierarchical introduction to CS with aim of eventually extinguishing response.eventually extinguishing response.

Client associates relaxation with stimuli Client associates relaxation with stimuli progressively more and more like the object of progressively more and more like the object of fear.fear.

May take weeks/months/years……May take weeks/months/years……

Anorexia… hierarchy of incremental advances in Anorexia… hierarchy of incremental advances in eating behaviours – Balance body weight and eating behaviours – Balance body weight and increase intake with little/no weight gainincrease intake with little/no weight gain

Aversion TherapyAversion Therapy

Used e.g. for addicts – emetics to make Used e.g. for addicts – emetics to make clients sick – they associate vomiting with clients sick – they associate vomiting with their addiction – stop wanting object of their addiction – stop wanting object of addictionaddictionAllows client ‘time’ off ‘drug’ to reassess Allows client ‘time’ off ‘drug’ to reassess life and to change habit.life and to change habit.Difficult to apply to anorexia as very hard Difficult to apply to anorexia as very hard to find a negatively reinforcing association to find a negatively reinforcing association to use.to use.

Token EconomiesToken Economies

Operant conditioning applied in such a Operant conditioning applied in such a way that rewards are given for good way that rewards are given for good behaviour. behaviour.

ExamplesExamples

Primary schools give out stars for good Primary schools give out stars for good behaviour. After gaining so many stars behaviour. After gaining so many stars they get a reward.they get a reward.In prisons inmates can get luxuries like, In prisons inmates can get luxuries like, being able to choose the channel on the being able to choose the channel on the T.V or getting better food.T.V or getting better food.In college students are rewarded with In college students are rewarded with EMA for attending regularly and having EMA for attending regularly and having good punctuality.good punctuality.

EvaluationEvaluation

Token economies can lead to token Token economies can lead to token learning. learning.

EthicsEthics