PUBLIC BUILDINGS

Building are divided into 3 division

Public building.

Semi-public building.

Private building.

PUBLIC BUILDING It means used either ordinarily or occasionally by the public such as offices of state or central government or local authorities.

SEMI PUBLIC BUILDING • Buildings partially but not totally owned by the government.

PRIVATE BUILDING • The buildings owned either by non-governmental

organizations or by a small number of shareholders or company members.

Location of public building:Factors for site selection for the public building :1. Foreground.2. Grouping. 3. Monumental building.4. Parking space. 5. purpose.

1. ForegroundThe site should have sufficient foreground so view may

be obtained .Shape of the foreground should rather be oblong. If there is no foreground available, a site at an

intersection of the street at which the traffic converges may be desirable.

2. GroupingThe public building whose functions are interrelated should

be located very near to each other. If possible , it is desirable to form a group of such buildings

on a common site.

3.Monumental buildings If possible, be located in hilly countries so that it can be

seen with advantage from avenues approaching. The sites with park view or river front or sea front or axis of

a parkway are also excellent for location of the public building.

4. Parking spaceBuilding should have ample and adequate parking space

around which reduces traffic congestion on road.

5. Purpose• Library should located in a quiet place with open space

around it and also easily accessible to city it serves.• The main post office should be located near the railway

station and within easy walking distance from the business centre.

CLASSIFICATION OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS

Dependent buildings

Independent buildings

Institutional buildings

Miscellaneous Buildings

DEPENDENT BUILDINGS These buildings whose functions are related to each

other. They are grouped together in the form of civic centres,

Recreational and Art centre, Public Markets, etc.,

INDEPENDENT BUILDINGS These Buildings which have to stand alone.

Examples:- Monumental buildings etc.,

INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS Buildings are in the form of institutions, mostly

educational and they includes schools, colleges , etc.,

4.SOCIAL & CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS :

Buildings such as Art galleries, museums, Musical academics, etc. are included in this category and are known as ‘ ART & CULTURAL CENTRE’.

MISCELLANEOUS BUILDINGS Provide services and amenities to the town. Includes Power houses, Pumping Stations, Sewage Disposal

Plants , etc.,

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS1. ADEQUATE SITES.2. APPROCHES.3. BUSINESS BUILDING.4. COMPREHENSIVE STUDY.5. EDUCATION.6. FIRE STATION.7. HOSPITAL.8. MARKETS.9. REFUSE DISPOSAL. 10. SHOPS.11. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CENTER

1.ADEQUATE SITES• It should be sufficient present & future requirements.• Adequate parking area & foreground should be

provide.

2.APPROCHES• It is properly designed to suit requirement.• It is a group of public building are of vital importance.

3.BUSINESS BUILDING• It should not be mixed up with public building.• The public building should be near to but not abutting

main road.

4.COMPREHENSIVE STUDY• The site of public building determined on basis of

comprehensive study of city & of it consequent neighbourhoods.

• So that may have qualities necessary for convenience & orderly development.

5.Education• Education building like school, college etc should not provide

directly on road & their junctions.• The sufficient land should be provided to accommodate future

population.

6.FIRE STATIONS

• Located depending on shape of town.• Number of fire stations are located on population at

particular area & type of public building.

7.HOSPITALS• Adequate land should reserved for dispensaries.• It should spread through town.• The specialized hospitals treat certain type diseases only, can

provide in case of large tows & metropolitan city.

8.MARKET• The number of markets will depend on size & population of

town.• The wholesale markets such as fruits , vegetables etc. should

be away from congested areas.

9.REFUSE DISPOSAL• The provision should made for quick & efficient

collection & disposal of varies types of refuse.• It should not cause any nuisance to the public.

10.SHOPS• It is equipped with a number of small shops containing

items of day to day use.• Large shopping mall are coming up in major cities of India.• Proper care should taken while locating & to avoid traffic

congestion.

11.SOCIAL & CULTURAL CENTER

Depending on needs of community the adequate area should be made for varies social & culture centres. ( such as: theatres , club house , art galleries , community hall , temples , mosques , churches etc. )

GROUPING OF PUBLIC BUILDING

• The grouping of public buildings form in concentrated arrangement or a dispersed arrangement.

• A concentrated arrangement results in economy , easy supervision and convenient access from one building to other.

• A dispersed arrangement provides more light and air and less risk from fire and nuisance.

• Common architectural style of buildings.• Entrance provided at the Centre.• Planting trees and shrubs.• Sufficient open space for full view.• Provision of the fountains and statues at

approaches.

Aesthetic consideration favour the grouping of pubic buildings:

The public buildings are grouped:1. ADMINISTRATIVE BUILDINGS :Office that may coordinate international or regional

activities. Buildings such as municipality or corporation Town-hall,

secretariat, law courts, post-office, public library, auditorium, etc are included in this category and are known as ‘CIVIC CENTRE’ or ‘COMMUNITY CENTRE’.

2.EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS :Buildings such as schools, colleges, university

buildings, central libraries, research buildings etc. are included in this category and known as ‘EDUCATIONAL CENTRE’. These should not be located directly son thoroughfare

3. MEDICAL AND HEALTH INSTITUTIONS :

Buildings such as clinics, child welfare centre's, Nursing homes, & Hospitals etc. are included in this category & are known as ‘ HEALTH CENTRE’. They should be located in calm & quiet atmosphere.

5.RECREATIONAL INSTITUTIONS :

Buildings such as cinema halls, music halls, opera theatres, etc are included in this category and are known as ‘RECRETIONAL CENTRES’.

TOWN CENTRES A Town centre is main administrative, business, entertainment

and cultural centre of the town. It serves the population as a whole and should provide with

traffic facilities like central bus terminus, railway stations etc. It is a administrative centre includes municipality, town hall

and civic or public functions can be held.

• It is a business centre includes where the people go and purchase costly luxurious goods.

• As a entertainment and cultural centres people go to enjoy a movie or to listen to music

From the point of view, it is usually practised to divide the various functions into three groups as below:

1. Business Centre.

2. Light shopping Centre.

3. Civic Centre.

1.Business centres:- It also a commercial centre includes a big shops, offices,

warehouses ,etc. It can be considered as a main shopping centre which is meant to serve the entire town.

Classified into three different groups:

Convenience Stores.

Demand Stores.

Impulse Stores.

Convenience stores:

These shops sell goods of daily use such as bread, vegetables, sweets, newspaper, groceries, fruits, washing powder ,etc. These shops form a backbone of the trade in shopping centre.

Demand stores :

These shops sell goods which are not frequently required such as tv,cycles,clocks, clothes, etc. The demand stores are meant for shopping goods which are bought at irregular and infrequent intervals.

Impulse stores :

These shops sells goods and articles of luxury such as perfumes, jewellery, expensive foods, ornamentals, utensils, etc. such luxury goods purchased or bought suddenly on the impulse or sentiment of the buyer. The number of impulse stores in a business centre will depend upon the function and extent of the market, the larger the town centre , the more impulse stores will be provided.

2.LIGHT SHOPPING CENTER

It is centre where various categories of articles are sold on a small scale as compared to the business centre.

Mainly 3 form of shopping facilities such as:◦ Market◦ Shopping streets◦ Departmental stores.

MARKET It is oldest form of shopping activity. It consist of a series of stalls arranged in a covered place

around public can circulate. It essentially a centre for cheap goods.The shopping activity is carried out only by pedestrians.

SHOPPING STREET It is developed by custom & constant use of the street for

purpose of shopping. It contain shops on one & both side of street.Under one roof it consists of several different kinds of shops.

SHOPPING PRECINTShopping precinct is an open shopping are where traffic is

excluded. The precinct was originally used for the enclosed space

surrounding a church. It is now used in “TOWN PLANNING” as an artificially

enclosed spaced , to divert noise & bustle of the traffic. It is a superior to shopping street. It is less costly than department store.Parking facilities are provided around road periphery of the

precinct.Hence shopping is mainly pedestrian activity of pedestrian

connection are provided b/w road & precinct.

3.Civic centreCivic centre or community centre is the most important centre

in the town. It includes all the public buildings Mostly Administrative

buildings i.e., Corporation, Town hall, Post offices, Public libraries, Auditorium, Art museum etc.

The civic centres should be located near or close to The transport facilities.

High standard of architectural features.