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Reviewing Quiz #1
Phil 57 section 3Fall 2010
1. Define an argument.
1. Define an argument.
A set of statements where some of the statements (the premises) offer support for another of the statements (the conclusion).
Identify whether the passage is offering an argument, an illustration, an explanation, or a report.
2. Women tend to have higher pitched voices than men because they have shorter vocal chords. Shorter vocal chords vibrate at a higher frequency than longer ones.
Identify whether the passage is offering an argument, an illustration, an explanation, or a report.
2. Women tend to have higher pitched voices than men because they have shorter vocal chords. Shorter vocal chords vibrate at a higher frequency than longer ones.
Explanation (of why women have higher voices)
3. Boy bands are all better at marketing themselves than they are at creating good music. The Jackson 5 created lots of good music, so I guess they weren’t a boy band.
3. Boy bands are all better at marketing themselves than they are at creating good music. The Jackson 5 created lots of good music, so I guess they weren’t a boy band.
Argument
(1) Boy bands are all better at marketing themselves than they are at creating good music.
(2) The Jackson 5 created lots of good music(3) I guess they weren’t a boy band.
(1) Boy bands are all better at marketing themselves than they are at creating good music.
(2) The Jackson 5 created lots of good music(3) I guess they weren’t a boy band.
(1)+(2)(3)
4. We should end capital punishment. For one thing, capital punishment is not a deterrent to crime. In those states that have abolished the death penalty, the incidence of serious crimes is lower than it is in states that still have the death penalty. Besides, capital punishment is a barbaric practice, one that has no place in any society that calls itself civilized.
4. We should end capital punishment. For one thing, capital punishment is not a deterrent to crime. In those states that have abolished the death penalty, the incidence of serious crimes is lower than it is in states that still have the death penalty. Besides, capital punishment is a barbaric practice, one that has no place in any society that calls itself civilized.
Argument
(1) We should end capital punishment. (2) Capital punishment is not a deterrent to crime.(3) In those states that have abolished the death
penalty, the incidence of serious crimes is lower than it is in states that still have the death penalty.
(4) Besides, capital punishment is a barbaric practice, one that has no place in any society that calls itself civilized.
(1) We should end capital punishment. (2) Capital punishment is not a deterrent to crime.(3) In those states that have abolished the death penalty,
the incidence of serious crimes is lower than it is in states that still have the death penalty.
(4) Besides, capital punishment is a barbaric practice, one that has no place in any society that calls itself civilized.
(3) (2) (4)
(1)
5. Define validity.
5. Define validity.
A valid argument is one where, if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.
5. Define validity.
A valid argument is one where, if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.
6. A valid argument can have true premises and a true conclusion.
5. Define validity.
A valid argument is one where, if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.
6. A valid argument can have true premises and a true conclusion. TRUE
5. Define validity.
A valid argument is one where, if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.
7. A valid argument can have true premises and a false conclusion.
5. Define validity.
A valid argument is one where, if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.
7. A valid argument can have true premises and a false conclusion. FALSE
5. Define validity.
A valid argument is one where, if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.
8. A valid argument can have false premises and a true conclusion.
5. Define validity.
A valid argument is one where, if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.
8. A valid argument can have false premises and a true conclusion. TRUE
5. Define validity.
A valid argument is one where, if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.
9. A valid argument can have false premises and a false conclusion.
5. Define validity.
A valid argument is one where, if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.
9. A valid argument can have false premises and a false conclusion. TRUE
Relation between valid and sound?
A valid argument is one where, if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.
A sound argument is a valid argument whose premises are actually true.
10. A sound argument can have true premises and a true conclusion.
Relation between valid and sound?
A valid argument is one where, if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.
A sound argument is a valid argument whose premises are actually true.
10. A sound argument can have true premises and a true conclusion. TRUE
Relation between valid and sound?
A valid argument is one where, if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.
A sound argument is a valid argument whose premises are actually true.
11. A sound argument can have true premises and a false conclusion.
Relation between valid and sound?
A valid argument is one where, if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.
A sound argument is a valid argument whose premises are actually true.
11. A sound argument can have true premises and a false conclusion. FALSE
Relation between valid and sound?
A valid argument is one where, if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.
A sound argument is a valid argument whose premises are actually true.
12. A sound argument can have false premises and a true conclusion.
Relation between valid and sound?
A valid argument is one where, if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.
A sound argument is a valid argument whose premises are actually true.
12. A sound argument can have false premises and a true conclusion. FALSE
Relation between valid and sound?
A valid argument is one where, if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.
A sound argument is a valid argument whose premises are actually true.
13. A sound argument can have false premises and a false conclusion.
Relation between valid and sound?
A valid argument is one where, if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.
A sound argument is a valid argument whose premises are actually true.
13. A sound argument can have false premises and a false conclusion. FALSE
Relation between valid and sound?
A valid argument is one where, if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.
A sound argument is a valid argument whose premises are actually true.
14.Validity depends only on the form of an argument, not on the content of an argument.
Relation between valid and sound?
A valid argument is one where, if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.
A sound argument is a valid argument whose premises are actually true.
14. Validity depends only on the form of an argument, not on the content of an argument.
TRUE
Relation between valid and sound?
A valid argument is one where, if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.
A sound argument is a valid argument whose premises are actually true.
15.Soundness depends only on the form of an argument, not on the content of an argument.
Relation between valid and sound?
A valid argument is one where, if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.
A sound argument is a valid argument whose premises are actually true.
15. Soundness depends only on the form of an argument, not on the content of an argument.
FALSE
16. Explain the ambiguity in the following argument:
“All that glitters is not gold. This ring glitters, so it is not gold.”
(In other words, identify the claim that could be
interpreted two different ways and spell out the two ways it might be interpreted.)
16. Explain the ambiguity in the following argument:
(identify the claim that could be interpreted two different ways and spell out the two ways it might be interpreted.)
“All that glitters is not gold.”
16. Explain the ambiguity in the following argument:
(identify the claim that could be interpreted two different ways and spell out the two ways it might be interpreted.)
“All that glitters is not gold.”
1. Everything that glitters is not gold.2. Not everything that glitters is gold.
