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M Phil Education: 1st Semester
Subject: Foundation of Education
Topic: Realism and Education
Presented to : Dr. Sajjad Ullah
Presented by: Zahid Shah
Role No: 10168
Abasyn University Peshawer Department of Education
Realism &
Education
Proponents:, Aristotle, Aquinas, Broudy, Maritain, Pestalozzi,
Aristotle (384-322 BC) was student of Plato and Tutor of Alexander the great. Aristotle Hold that reality exist objectively. Realism want to prepare learner to live life as an objective reality. Aristotle is father of scientific method.
Realism is general philosophy which deals, and discuss about reality, knowledge, education, society, politics, universe etc.
Educational realism is actually applied Realism.
Objectives:
After the presentation the participant will be able:
To describe Realism. To state the relationship of realism and
education.
Metaphysics: Ontology.
It is branch of Philosophy which ask question about nature, origin of things, what is man, what is death? What is the Nature of God? Etc.
Means After the Physics or Beyond the physics or Beyond material world.
Realism holds the idea that material world is independent and external to the knower mind.۔
Matter is the ultimate reality. Reality is objective and composed of matter and form, it is fixed based on natural laws.
All objects is composed of matter which in turn combination of different particles of other object.
Epistemology
Branch of Philosophy which deals with the nature of knowledge. What is knowledge, what is source of knowledge, what kind of knowledge is worthy and what is not.
How individual can acquire knowledge? Human being can know these things through sensation and reason.
Knowing involve two stages sensation and abstraction. First the knower perceive an object and records sensory data about it in the mind such as weight, sound, smell, color, taste, size.
The mind sorts these data into qualities always present in the object and those sometimes present. By identifying the necessary qualities (those always present), the learner forms a concept of the object and recognizes it as belonging to a certain class.
Axiology (Ethics and Aesthetic)
(what is good, or bad, ugly or beauty?)
Realist do not believe in ideal values. They would like to discover values in the immediate social life.
The external world consisting of men and matter would provide the framework for value discovery and value realization.
Value should be universal. It should be acceptable to all people of the world as value. It is not coming from super force.
.
Realism and Curriculum
Curriculum:( Subject Matter, What to be thought?)
A Subject matter curriculum stress on humanistic and scientific disciplines.
Organization of Subjects:Realists believe that studying a curriculum of organized,
separate subjects is the most effective way to learn about reality. Organizing subject matter, as scientists and scholars do, is a sophisticated method of classifying objects.
For example, past human experiences can be organized into history. Botany studies plants systematically according to their classifications.
• Curricula should be practical and useful.• Curricula should concentrate on the “Basics” and avoid fads and
frills.• Curricula should be highly organized, correlated and aligned
throughout the scope and sequence offered by schools.• Curricula should be based upon pre-established standards and
criteria. • Curricula should be “experiential” whenever possible.• At childhood physical activities and music should be include in
their education which will inculcate emotional disposition in him.• At 7 to fifteen they should be learn basic numeric, literacy, Social
norms.• Age fifteen to twenty one they should study mathematics, geometry,
astronomy, grammar, literature, poetry, ethics, and politics.• At age twenty-one, students would proceed to more theoretical
subjects, such as physics, cosmology, biology, psychology, logic, and meta physics.
Realist do not believe in general or common aims of education. Aims are specific to each individual and his perspectives. The teacher, parent, political leader have different perspective.
Dr. Broudy define the common aim of education is preparation for the Good life.
What constitute a good life and how to realize it.
He suggest that one must study the nature of healthy personality. A healthy personality is capable of leading a good life. This good life is governed by four principles.
Self preservation, self determination, self realization and self integration.
Self preservation is an appetite principle and is the physiological base of a healthy personality.
Realism and Aims of Education
Self determination guides the person to visualize reality and understand his strengths and limitations. The individual would develop a free will based on his reality perception. Free will does not mean the ability to do whatever one desire. It is the means to carry out well thought-out decisions. It is the willingness to work hard, to avoid routine and to plan one’s actions.
Self realization as it is used by realists has a different meaning than implied by the idealists. Every one have some cognitive potentiality and they are different from other person strength and weaknesses. The realization of these potentiality is called self realization.
Self actualization refers to the integrated development of an individual.
Character development and vocational efficiency is also an aims of education.
• Realism and Method of Teaching
• Direct teaching techniques are preferable.
• Students should be presented information in an organized, efficient and logical format.
• Given the “information overload” in today’s society, it is important that “non-essential” learning should be eliminated.
• Students should be taught based upon their strengths and abilities.
• Scientific testing should be used to diagnose and place students in settings most appropriate to their needs
• Technology should be utilized whenever appropriate in schools`
Views about students: Realists holds that human possess intellect the power to think
and reason. They have the potential to know and to live according to natural law governing the universe.
Views about woman Education: Believing women were intellectually inferior to men, Aristotle
was concerned only with male education. Girls were to be trained to perform the household and child-rearing duties necessary for their future roles as wives and mothers.
• Realism and Teacher Role
• A Realist teacher should be a subject matter expert.
• A Realist teachers should be able to present material in an organized and systematic way.
• A Realist teacher should be able to explain the lesson objectives in a way that is understandable to the learner.
• A Realist teacher should be able to effectively assess students in such a way that all students are challenged and motivated to learn.
• A Realist teacher should understand current research and technology and be able to utilize it in the classroom.
Conclusion:
After studying the topic of realism and education I came to conclusion that education is not haphazard, static activity. It has some sound foundational basis on which the building of education is established.
Realism focus on matter is the ultimate reality. To reached to any reality or truth we should not ignore the material world in which we live. This philosophy is oppose to idealism in some constituent parts.
Every one is a philosopher whether the aware of it or not. Every one have a beliefs, purpose for something in their mind. Which motivate them to do something or to avoid.
References
www.google.com/realism&education.ppt retrived 06/11/2016 Apple, Michael W. Democratic Education in a Conservative
Age. New York and London: Routledge, 2000. Barrow, Robin, and Ronald G.Woods. An Introduction to
Philosophy of Education. New York: Routledge, 2006. William G Samuelson, Fred A. Markowitz. An Introduction to
Philosophy in education. Breed, Frederick, S, Educatioan the new realism, New York,
Macmillan, 1939. M, Anshu, K Hemant, U.C Vashishtha Educational
Philosophy APH Publishing corporation 4435-36/7, Ansari Road, Darya Gangj
