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MADATSST &
MUKUND INGLE
PRESENT
RESOURCE & DEVELOPMENT
Mr. Mukund B. Ingle
RESOURCE
Naturally Available Satisfy Human Needs Technologically Accessible Economically Feasible Culturally Acceptable
Resources are a function of human activities Ex. Everything we use in our day to day life,
processed and manufactured by us
TYPES OF RESOURCES
On the basis of Origin-▪ Biotic: All living things come this category.
▪ A biotic: All non-living things come in this category
TYPES OF REOURCES
On the basis of Exhaustibility-▪ Renewable: Resources that can be reused,
recycled and reproduced
▪ Non-renewable: Resources that take long geological time for to be generated
TYPES OF RESOURCES
On the basis of Ownership-▪ Individual: Owned by individuals or privately.▪ Community: Have access to all members of the
community▪ National: Resources belong to nation. ( Even 12
nautical miles (22.2 km) of sea water from the coast (territorial water)
▪ International: The oceanic resources beyond 200 nautical miles. (EEZ) Ex. Manganese from Indian ocean.
TYPES OF RESOURCES
On the basis of the status of development-▪ Potential: Found in the region but not yet utilized
▪ Developed: Surveyed and determined for utilization.
▪ Stock: Has potential to satisfy the need but human beings don’t know the appropriate technology to access.
▪ Reserves: Can be used but kept for the future need.
DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCE
Challenges created due to the over use of resources▪ Depletion of resources▪ Society is divided into haves and have-nots▪ Ecological crises i.e. Ozone depletion, Global
Warming etc.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
No need to compromise present development Need to protect environment Resources should be kept for future Sustainable Development is important because: 1) Many of the resources are non-
renewable and exhaustible. Over exploitation of these resources will affect the needs of our future generations.
2) Environmental pollution has become a major threat to the survival of human beings
FIRST EARTH SUMMIT
In June 1992, at Rio de Janeiro – 100 countries – Leaders signed the ‘Declaration on Global Climatic Change and Biological Diversity – Endorsed the Global Forest Principles and adopted Agenda 21
Agenda 21: Signed at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) – Aim for sustainable development – Agreed to fight environmental change, poverty, diseases – Local govt. should have their own Agenda 21
RSOURCE PLANNING
Resource Planning: Strategy for judicious
use of resources
It’s important for India as it has diversity in the availability of resources
Resource Planning for India: Identification and
inventory of resources Evolving a planning
structure Matching resource
development plans with national development
CONSERVATION OF RSOURCE
“There is enough for everybody’s need and not for anybody’s greed”
Over-utilization led to socio-economic and environmental problems
Greedy and selfish exploitation is at the root cause of resource depletion
LAND DESTRIBUTION IN INDIA 43% of India’s land area is
plain. This region is good for agriculture and industry. 30% of the land area is mountains. This region is rich in water resources. Plateaus occupy 27% of the land area. This region is rich in minerals, fossil fuels and forest.
India Land Types
PlainsMountainPlateau
LAND RESOURCE
Land Utilization: Agriculture (Net Sown
Area) Forest Non-cultivation land
(pastures, waste land etc.) Land not available for
cultivation (buildings, roads, factories etc)
Fallow land
LAND USE PATTERN
93% land’s information in available due to POK and COK More than 54% of land is under cultivation States with 80% land under cultivation - Punjab and
Haryana States with less than 10% of land under cultivation –
Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur and Andaman Nicobar Island
33% of land should be covered with forest but it’s less than that
LAND DEGRADATION
MiningDeforestationOvergrazingOver-irrigation
Industrial EffluentsLand Erosion
CAUSES & DEGRADED LAND
Degraded Land – 130 million hect. 28% forest 56% water 10% wind 6% saline land
LAND EROSION & ITS TYPES
GULLY EROSION Water runs and cuts
deep channels in the soil
SHEET EROSION Water runs and cuts the
entire layer of the soil
LAND/SOIL CONSERVATION
▪ A forestation▪ Proper management of grazing▪ Stabilization of sand dunes▪ Proper management of Waste land▪ Proper discharge and disposal of industrial effluents and
waste▪ Contour Ploughing▪ Terrace Farming▪ Strip Cropping▪ Shelter Belts
FACTORS OF SOIL FORMATION
Type of a parent rock
Temperature Rainfall/ Running Water Wind and Glacier Activities of Decomposers Human Activities Vegetation
ALLUVIAL SOIL
▪ Formed by the depositional work of the river▪ Found in most of the river basin▪ As we move with the river, size of the particles vary and
categorized according to that.▪ According to age it’s divided into two types:▪ 1. Bangar(Old) 2. Khadar(New)▪ Bangar: More kanker nodules – Less fertile▪ Khadar: More fine particles – More fertile▪ Contain – Potash, phosphoric acid, lime▪ Ideal for sugarcane, paddy, wheat etc
BLACK SOIL
▪ Also known as regur and black cotton soil▪ Made of Basalt rock that is made up lava flows▪ Features:
▪ Capacity to hold moisture▪ Rich in calcium-carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime▪ Develop deep crack in summer▪ Soil is sticky when wet▪ States: MS, Saurashtra, MP etc
TYPES OF SOIL
RED AND YELLOW SOIL▪ Developed from
crystalline igneous rocks▪ Area with low rainfall▪ Gets it red colour due to
diffusion of iron in it.▪ Gets it yellow colour
when it occurs in a hydrated form
LATERITE SOIL▪ Word derived from ‘later’
means brick▪ Areas with high
temperature and heavy rainfall
▪ Humus contain is low▪ Good for tea, coffee and
cashew nut
TYPES OF SOIL
ARID SOIL
▪ Red or brown in colour▪ Sandy in texture and
saline in nature▪ Found in the areas with
high temperature and very low rainfall
▪ High kankar proportion
FOREST SOIL
▪ Found in hilly and mountainous areas
▪ Loamy and silty in slopes and coarse in upper slopes
▪ Acidic with low humus content
▪ It’s fertile in lower parts of the valleys
THANK YOU