Revision Questions

2008 MO

OCR ‘A’

• 1 What are the two types of crust?• OCEANIC + CONTINENTAL• 2 Why do continental and oceanic plates move?• HEAT AT THE CORE DRIVES A CONVEYOR BELT• 3 What is a constructive margin?• PLATES MOVE APART• 4 How are Fold Mountains formed?• PLATES MOVE TOGETHER AND COLLIDE• 5 On which type of plate margin do ocean trenches

form?• SUBDUCTION OR DESTRUCTIVE• 6 Which plate boundaries do not have volcanoes?• CONSERVATIVE• 7 What is a composite volcano?• ASH AND LAVA• 8 What is a dormant volcano?• SLEEPING

9 How can volcanoes affect the world's climate?ASH EJECTED INTO THE ATMOSPHERE10 What is an 'epicentre'?POINT ABOVE FOCUS11 What is 'liquefaction'?FOUNDATIONS BEHAE LIKE A LIQUID12 What instrument is used to record earthquakes? SEISMOGRAPH13 What does the Mercalli scale measure?THE EFFECTS ON PEOPLE14 Why do poorer countries suffer more damage in an earthquake?NO P, P, P15 Why are volcanic areas good for farming?FMETC

Which is which?

B.1 What is the hydrological cycle?EVAPORATION CONDENSATION

PRECIPITATION RUN-OFF2 What causes 'interception'?

TREES PLANTS + BUILDINGS3 When will surface run-off occur?

WHEN THE GROUND IS SATURATED4 What is percolation?

MOVING THROUGH SOIL SPACES5 What is a drainage basin?

AREA DRAINED BY A RIVER6 What divides two drainage basins?

WATERSHED7 Name the four processes of erosion.

CORRASION CORROSION ATTRITION h ACTION

8 When does a river deposit material?SLOWS DOWN9 What processes create a flood plain?HIGH DISCHARGE OVERFLOWING BANK TOP10 What is a delta?GROWTH OUT TO SEA11 What does a hydrograph show?RAINFALL v DISCHARGE12 What conditions will result in a short lag time?SATURATED THUNDERSTORM SHORT BASIN13 How does urbanisation increase flooding?IMPERMEABLE CONCRETE + GUTTERS14 How can zoning reduce the impact of flooding?PLAN REMOVABLE ACTIVITIES

C. 1 What causes waves?WIND

2 When will a wave break?BOTTOM IS SHALLOW

3 Which factor is the most important in controlling wave energy? FETCH

4 What types of rock are eroded by corrosion?LIMESTONE

5 How are stones, shingle and sand moved along a beach? LONGSHORE DRIFT

6 Where do bays form?BETWEEN HEADLANDS

7 What feature is formed when an arch collapses?STACK

8 What is a wave-cut platform?DIAGONAL SLOPE AT BASE OF CLIFF

9 Which type of rock would have steeper cliffs, granite or clay?

GRANITE10 Where do spits form? ON CORNERS

11 What feature is formed in the sheltered area behind a spit? SALT MARSH

12 Why does an ice age cause sea levels to fall?SEA WATER IS FROZEN AS ICE

13 What is the difference between a revetment and a sea wall? SLOPING v RECURVED

14 What is a ‘gabion’?BASKET FILLED WITH ROCKS

15 Why might coastal defences in one area increase erosion elsewhere? TRANSFERENCE

D. Settlement and urbanisation1 What is the difference between 'site' and 'situation"?

SOIL ROCK SLOPE v SURROUNDINGS2 What is meant by 'function'?

MAIN ROLE OR JOB OF A SETTLEMENT3 What type of settlement is at the top of a settlement

hierarchy?PRIMARY OR CONURBATION

4 What is meant by 'range'?HOW FAR PEOPLE WILL TRAVEL TO BUY A GOOD

5 What are 'comparison goods'?HOUSES, CARS + ELECTRICAL [WHITE]

6 Which will have a larger threshold - a newsagents or a supermarket?

SUPERMARKET7 What caused urbanisation in MEDCs?

IN MIGRATION8 What is urban decay?

DECLINE IN THE FABRIC – BUILDINGS + SERVICES

9 What is 'counter-urbanisation'?MOVEMENT BACK INTO COUNTRYSIDE

10 Why were 'green belts' and 'new towns' created?TO STOP URBAN SPRAWL

11 Why do people living in squatter settlements have poor access to services?

THEY ARE ILLEGAL, WILL ENCOURAGE MORE PEOPLE IF THEY HAVE

12 Why is disease common in squatter settlements?DIHORREA CHOLERA – unclean, poor quality water

13 What changes to villages is rapid out migration causing?DECLINE IN SERVICES, OLD AGE

14 Which American geographers devised models of city layouts?

BURGESS HOYT HARRIS + ULMANN15. What characteristics typify the suburbs?

DETACHED HOUSE, DRIVES, GARDENS, OPEN SPACE

E. Population and migration1 What does population distribution mean'?

WHERE PEOPLE LIVE2 Why is a choropleth map of population density inaccurate'?

HIDES INCONSISTENCIES WITHIN AREAS 3 What is exponential population growth'?

DOUBLING4 Why are birth and death rates expressed as rates per 1000'?

OFTEN NUMBER POINT NUMBER5 Why are MEDCs described as 'entering a fifth stage’?

BR IS BELOW DR6 Why are MEDCs able to support higher populations'?

MORE DISPOSABLE INCOME TO INVEST IN SERVICES7 How can improving the status of women reduce birth rates'?

EMANCIPATION, EDUCATION, CHOICE8 What is a population structure?

MALE v FEMALE, OLD v YOUNG v ECONOMIC

9 Explain the unusual shape of a pyramid in a mining area?

MORES MALES 15 TO 3010 Who are the 'economically active' in a population?

15 TO 60/65 YR OLDS11 What is rural-urban migration'?

COUNTRY TO CITY PERMANENT 12 What is urbanisation?

GRADUAL SHIFT TO CITY LIVING [% PEOPLE]13 What are the disadvantages of counter-urbanisation

for the inner city?DOUGHNUT EFFECT

14 Why do migrants sometimes experience racism?DIFFERENT CULTURE, LANGUAGE, RELIGION –

TAKE JOBS15 What is a refugee?

IMMIGRANT SEEKING PROTECTION

F. Quality of life1 What is economic development?

IMPROVEMENT OF A REGION – PURCHASING PARITY2 What is meant by 'development indicator'?

A MEASUREMENT OF HOW MODERNISED A PLACE IS3 Why is GNP measured in dollars?

COMPARISON EASY + STBLE ECONOMY4 What is meant by 'infant mortality rate'?

AMOUNT OF BABIES DYING IN FIRST YEAR5 Why is 'income' not a good indicator of development?

PPP – COST OF LIVING6 How does poor access to clean water limit development?

DISEASE 7 In which sector do most people in an LEDC work?

PRIMARY8. What is quaternary industry?

IINDUSTRY INVOLVING INFORMATION

Industry 1 Why is energy no longer such an important location

factor?IMPORT ENERGY + ELECTRICITY [COAL]

2 What is 'industrial inertia'?STAYS IN WRONG PLACE BECAUSE TOO

EXPENSIVE TO MOVE3 What is the most important location factor for heavy

industry?MATERIALS

4 Why is hi-tech industry described as footloose?ELECTRICITY POWER + COIMPONENTS + Q of L

5. What is the best site for most distribution industries?CENTRAL, COMMUNICATIONS, VARIETY

G. Leisure and Tourism1 What is a National Park?

Area protected by the government2 How many National Parks are there in England and Wales?

12 [another March 2009]3 How has tourism benefited National Parks?

Employment in poorly favourable farming areas4 What is a 'honey-pot'?

Attraction pulling in hundreds of visitors5 How can the pressure on 'honey-pots' be reduced?

Park + Ride, Pedestrianisation, Zoning, Green transport 6 How have governments of LEDCs encouraged tourism?

Eco tourism = Costa Rica, Baobab Farm7 What is meant by 'sustainable-tourism'?

Small scale, resource friendly, local = renewable

Agriculture1 What is the difference between 'subsistence‘

and 'commercial' farming?Farming for your family, agriculture making profit

2 What is the CAP?COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY

3 What is a 'quota'?How much [milk] you can produce

4 Why have hedgerows been removed from fields?Larger field cheaper to cut with machinery

5 What is farm 'diversification'?Other interests – café, B+B, Trotters,

6 What is the 'green revolution'?High yielding varieties in LEDCs – Rice IR8

7 What is irrigation?Canal to carry water to an arid areas

H. Energy1 What is the difference between energy and fuel?

Energy is power, Fuel is dug out of the ground2 What is a fossil fuel?

COAL, OIL, GAS non-renewable = Finite3 What is secondary energy?

Fuel converted to a different form = electricity 4 What is coal formed from?Fossilised trees and plants 5 What are its advantages?

Easy to use, burns well, cheap, large reserves6 Why have many UK coal mines closed down?

Cheaper from abroad7 What are oil and gas formed from?

Fossilised sea creatures8 As well as fuel, what else is oil used for?

Plastics

9 Why might we have to 'pay later' for nuclear power?Decommissioning costs, Waste disposal

10 Where is fuel wood a very important energy source?LEDCs

11 What is meant by the term 'renewable energy'?Used sustain ably

12 Reservoirs flood large areas of land. Why does this matter?Destroys 13 Why might people not like to live near a wind

farm?habitats, farmland, homes

Noise, unsightly, interrupt TV, birds14 What type of solar panels are used to make electricity?

Photo voltaic15 What does 'energy conservation' mean?

Reducing energy useage

I. Global environmental concerns1 How is ozone beneficial to life on earth?

2 What chemicals damage ozone?

3 What can be done to reduce ozone layer damage?

4 What is global warming?

5 What is the greenhouse effect?

6 What type of radiation is reflected from the Earth's surface?

7 What are the most important greenhouse gases?

8 Why does deforestation make global warming worse?

9 What is Agenda 21?

10 How might a reduction in population growth slow global warming?

11 What is the difference between acid rain and dry deposition?

12 Which two gases are most responsible for acid deposition?

13 How does acid rain affect trees?

14 How does acid deposition affect buildings?

15 Why does acid rain lead to disagreements between countries?

Produced by the Aberrant Bee

April 2008QUESTIONS FROM LETTS