RFID BASED EMPLOYEE TRACKING SYSTEM

BY

KAMBA GIRI

Introduction :

RFID – Radio Frequency Identification is An ADC (Automated data collection).

It is a wireless non-contact radio system to transfer data from a tag attached to an object.

RFID is a new generation of auto identification and data collection technology which helps to automate business processes and allows identification of large number of tagged objects like books using radio waves.

RFID tag wirelessly sends bits of data, when it is triggered by a reader.

RFID

… on a substrate e.g. a plastic

foil ...

an antenna, printed, etched

or stamped ...

A paper labelwith RFID inside

… and a chip attached to it

A SAMPLE RFID TAG

The concept of RFID is based on the

barcode.

First barcode patents was in 1930s.RFID technology was first used in world

war- II for identification, friend or foe (IFF) systems, and has been available in one form or another since 1970’s.

Mario cardullo’s device (1973) was first true ancestor of modern RFID.

HISTORY OF RFID

HISTORY OF RFID

The first patent to be associated with the abbreviation RFID was granted to Charles Walton(1983).

RFID is being used to tie the physical world with the virtual world. RFID in social media first came to light in 2010 with Facebook's annual conference.

RFID TECHNOLOGY

RFID technology uses radio waves as the medium to transfer the data from an electronic tag, called RFID tag, through a reader for the purpose of identifying and tracking the object.

RFID technology uses I) RFID tag. II) RFID reader. III) Antenna. IV) Middle ware. V) Host computer.

COMPONENTS OF RFID

AntennaAntenna

Reader

Customer-SpecificApplication Software

Application program interface (API )

RFID API software

HOST COMPUTER

RFID TAGS

Many types of RFID exists, but at the highest level based on the type of tag and the power sources and their powered infrastructure, we can divide RFID devices into two classes:

1). Active RFID.

2). Passive RFID.

Active RFID tag An active rfid tag talks first, it beacons. This tag does not depends on a reader to be

energized. Active tag can be read at much greater

ranges and is equipped with a battery that can be used as a partial or complete source of power .

Active tag transmits radio signals. It has capability to perform independent

monitoring control. Active rfid tags may even be equipped with

autonomous networking; the tags autonomously determine the best communication path.

Battery

Active rfid tagReader Host

computer

Communicates with RF and it beacons

Listens for beacons

Stores and evaluates the data.

PASSIVE RFID TAG

Passive tag uses reader talk first. Tags are muted until a signal is received

from reader. Passive RFID tag functions without any

battery; these tags have a useful life of twenty years or more.

The tag is much less expensive to manufacture and is smaller in size.

Passive RFID tag costs upto $0.25 to $10. Power and data transmission occurs between

reader via antenna.

Passive rfid tags

Antenna RFID Reader

Host computer

Receives and transmits the electromagnetic waves

Provides power to passive tag

Stores and evaluates the data.

Frequency Regulation Range Data Speed Comments

125-150 kHz Basically unregulated Å 10 cm LowAnimal identificationand factory datacollection systems

13.56 MHzISM band, differingpower levels and dutycycle

< 1mLow tomoderate

Popular frequency forI.C. Cards (SmartCards)

433 MHzNon-specific ShortRange Devices (SRD),Location Systems

1 Š 100 m ModerateAsset tracking for U.S.DoD (Pallets)

860-930 MHz

ISM band (Region 2);increasing use inother regions,differing power levelsand duty cycle

2 Š 5 mModerate tohigh

EAN.UCC GTAG,MH10.8.4 (RTI),AIAG B-11 (Tires)

2450 MHzISM band, differingpower levels and dutycycle

1 Š 2 m HighIEEE 802.11b,Bluetooth, CT,AIAG B-11

RFID, HOW FAST……

RFID READER

A RFID reader transmits an encoded radio signal to interrogate the tag.

RFID readers are two-way radio transmitter-receiver called interrogates or reader.

The reader sends a signal to the tag and read its response.

The readers generally transmit their observations to a computer system running RFID software or RFID middleware.

Modes of transmission

Signaling between the reader and the tag is done in several different incompatible ways, depending on the frequent band used by the tag.

This signaling is of two types1). Near-field.2). Far- field.

NEAR FIELD RFID

Near field RFID is based on the principle of faraday’s magnetic induction.

A reader passes a large alternating current through a reading coil, resulting in an alternating current through reading coil.

If you place a tag that incorporates a smaller coil in this field, an alternating voltage will appear across it.

The current is proportional to the load applied to the tag’s coil. This concept is load modulation.

READER

N

S

TAG

INDUCTIVE COUPLING

FAR FIELD RFID

RFID tags based on far-field emissions capture electromagnetic waves propagating from a dipole antenna attached to reader.

Unlike induction designs, information can’t be transmitted back to the reader using load modulation.

By changing the antenna’s impedance overtime, the tag can reflect back more or less of incoming signal in a pattern that encodes the tag’s ID.

BACK SCATTERING

TAG

READER

HOST CONTROLLER

Host controller is a computer that communicates with the reader, it performs two main functions.

1). It is receiving data from the readers and performing data processing such as filtering and collation . 2). It serves as a device monitor, making sure the reader is functioning properly, securely and with up to date instructions.

Host controllers are connected to readers through network technologies such as TCP/IP or sometimes through serial connectivity.

Auto Immobilizers

APPLICATIONS OF RFID

• Isolated systems• Simple reads• Slow growth

Automated Vehicle Id

Access ControlAnimal Tracking

Proposed system

We proposed a rfid based employee tracking system with the functionalities as

1). It tracks the employee location with in the campus.2). It stores the data of an employee during his stay in the region.3). Graphical interface system.4). Automatized attendance system can be embedded.

QUERIES ????

THANK YOU……