The first world war and the Russian Empire.

In 1914, war broke out between two European alliances.

THE CENTRAL POWERS

THE ALLIED POWERS.

GERMANY, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY AND TURKEY.

FRANCE BRITAIN AND RUSSIA( later Italy and Romania)

Russia in the first world war.

Russia’s role in I world war was initially popular.

Later Tsar lost the support of Duma and public.

Russia’s armies lost badly in Germany and Austria between 1914-1916.

There were over 7 million casualties and 3million refugees.

Soldiers did not wish to continue the war.

The impact of first world war on Russia.1. The first world war discredited the

government and the Tsar.2. Severe impact on industries.3. Shortage of food grains.4. Labour shortage.

The February Revolution in Petrograd.

Conditions in the capital city -Petrograd.The layout of capital city and the divisions

among its people. The workers quarters and factories were located on the right bank of the River Neva. On the left bank were the fashionable areas, the winter palace, and official buildings, including the palace where the Duma met.

FACTORS LEAD TO THE FEBRUARY REVOLUTION. 1. Condition in the capital city. (division among people) 2.Severe climate(cold) and food

shortage. 3. Lockout of factory and workers

strike. 4. Suspension of Duma. 5. The demonstrators surrounded the official building and ransacked the police Head quarters.

6 .The refusal of cavalry to fire on the demonstrators and the soldiers joined with the workers.

7. Workers and soldiers formed ‘soviet’ or council. This was the “Petrograd soviet.”

8. Abdication of Tsar. 9. Formation of Provisional Government by

leaders of soviet and Duma. 10. Kerenskii became the prime Minister.( he

was the leader of February revolution and Menshevik party)

BORN 4 MAY 1881SIMBIRSK, RUSSIA DIED 11 JUNE 1970 (AGED 89)NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES RESTING PLACE PUTNEY VALE CEMETERYLONDON, UNITED KINGDOM NATIONALITY RUSSIAN POLITICAL PARTY SOCIALIST REVOLUTIONARY. PROFESSION POLITICIAN.

Kerenskii

After February Revolution.

Army officials, landowners and Industrialists supported the provisional government.

Liberals and socialists worked towards an elected government.( they dislike the kerenskii’s government)

Restriction of public meetings and associations were removed.

Soviet were set up every where but no common system of election was followed.

VLADIMIR LENIN- THE BOLSHEVIK LEADER.

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (22 April 1870 – 21 January 1924), was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and communist politician who led the October Revolution of 1917. As leader of the Bolsheviks, he headed the Soviet state during its initial years (1917–1924), as it fought to establish control of Russia in the Russian Civil War and worked to create a socialist economic system.

He and Bolshevik opposed the war.

“April theses”- the three demands of Lenin.

1. The war be brought to a close.2. Land be transferred to the peasants.3. Banks be nationalised.

Workers movement and influence of Bolsheviks.

• The workers formed trade unions and began questioning the way industrialist ran their factories.

• Soldiers committee were formed in the army.• Provisional government take stern measures

against the growing influence of Bolsheviks and the unions.

• The government began to arrest the leaders of workers and Bolshevik.