School Plant and Facilities

School Plant and Facilities

School Plant and Facilities

Christian Paul Peligro

School Buildings

School Buildings

Designs from Old to New

PAGCOR Designed Buildings

3 Storey 9 CL

3 Storey 15 CL

THE DESIGN OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS


Everyone wants safe and affordable schools that function well, that is, they must respond to three (3) basic needs: security, identity, and opportunity.


Most school buildings answer students’ identity needs. A well-designed school encourages better student performance and makes a lasting impression to the community about the importance of education.


In the Philippines, in view of budgetary limitations, these basic needs are taken into account in any renovation or new building plans, thus design guidelines have to be considered.

Design Guidelines

Design Guidelines

The following general guidelines shall be observed in the design of school buildings:

Design Guidelines


a. A school building shall be designed in accordance with its functions, needs of its user, and the nature of the environment.

Design Guidelines


b. In view of scarce resources, a school building shall be conceived for economy in construction, utilization and maintenance.

Design Guidelines


c. The design approach shall be straight forward, relying upon simplicity of concept in the context of innovation to reflect order and dignity, ensure flexibility in anticipation of educational change, and achieve structural stability.

Design Guidelines


d. Human dimensions, static and dynamic, specifically with reference to Filipino children and youth, shall be the basis for establishing scale.

Design Guidelines


e. Aesthetic elements shall be integral to the overall design and even given contemporary treatment, shall derive from historical, traditional or native themes.

Design Guidelines


f. The use of indigenous or locally produced materials shall be maximized in conjunction with the application of appropriate construction technology.

Design Guidelines


g. Provision for mobility of handicapped/disabled persons shall be given due consideration in the design and construction of school buildings and other facilities in accordance with Batas Pambansa Bilang 344. (Accessibility Law).

Design Guidelines

The foregoing guidelines are intended to complement accepted architectural and engineering principles, and the provisions of the National Building Code of the Philippines, and other relevant rules, regulations and ordinance promulgated by the national and local agencies.

Design Guidelines

In designing school buildings, consideration of ergonomics, anthropometrics, thermal comfort, illumination, acoustics and colors, are very significant.

Design Requirements

Design Requirements

The following pertinent requirements prescribed in the National Building Code of the Philippines shall be considered in the design of school buildings:

Design Requirements a. Windows. Window openings shall be equal to or at least ten

(10) percent of the floor area of the room, provided that such opening shall be not less than one square meter, except those in toilets and baths which shall be not less than one-twentieth of the floor area of such rooms, or not less than 240 square millimeters. Steel casement for windows using plain GI sheets can be used to resist strong wind from entering inside the building that creates an uplift force that blow up roofs. GI sheets are connected by rivets and non-sag marine epoxy over 85 steel window frames. All glass windows easily breaks and can cause injury to occupants inside when broken by strong winds. (Engr. Rodel Veneracion, Plan Philippines)

Design Requirements

b. Ceiling Height. The ceiling height of rooms with natural ventilation shall be not less than 2.70 meters measured from the floor to the ceiling; rooms provided with artificial ventilation shall have ceiling heights not less than 2.40 meters.

Design Requirements

c. Floor Construction. All floors shall be so framed and secured into the framework and supporting walls so as to form an integral part of the whole building; the type of floor construction used shall provide means to keep the beam and girders from lateral buckling.

Design Requirements

d. Roof Construction. All roofs shall be so framed and tied into the framework and supporting walls so as to form an integral part of the whole building; dark stops, roof drains, flushing, etc., shall be provided. Purlins can be made up of angle bars instead of the conventional C-purlins where text screws easily loosened resulting in detachment of roofs. The thickness of the angle bar serves as a knot, holding text screws firmly. Purlins are securely welded to steel trusses creating a sturdy roof framework. (Engr. Rodel Veneracion, Plan Philippines)

Design Requirements

e. Exit Doors. At least two (2) exit doors are required where the number of room occupants is over 50 in the case of classrooms, conference rooms, exhibit rooms, gymnasia, school shops, vocational institutions, laboratories, and auditorium; a door shall not be less than 2.10 meters high and 900 millimeters wide.

Design Requirements

f. Door Shutters. Door shutters shall be swing out and be capable of opening at least 90 degrees so that the clear width of the exit way is not less than 700 millimeters. No door shutter shall exceed 1.20 meters in width.

Design Requirements

g. Corridors. Every corridor shall not be less than 1.10 meters wide and shall be unobstructed.

Design Requirements

h. Stairways. Stairways serving an occupant load of 50 or less must be 1.10 meters wide; those serving more than 50 shall not be less than 1.50 meters. The rise of every step shall not exceed 200 millimeters and the tread shall not be less than 250 millimeters. Handrails shall be provided on each side of every stairway having more than four steps.

BUILDING RISK REDUCTION REQUIREMENTS


In designing and constructing school buildings, safety and risk reduction measures shall always be considered. Detailed engineering shall proceed only on the basis of the feasibility or preliminary engineering study made which establishes the technical viability of the project and conformity to land use and zoning guidelines prescribed by existing laws. The findings contained in the feasibility study, if undertaken for the project, shall be examined. If, in the course of the exercise, as proposed, specific recommendations for such changes shall be supported by detailed justifications, including their effects on the cost, and if (necessary) the economic justification.


A schedule of detailed engineering activities shall include the following:


A schedule of detailed engineering activities shall include the following:a. Survey


A schedule of detailed engineering activities shall include the following:a. Surveyb. Site investigation


A schedule of detailed engineering activities shall include the following:a. Surveyb. Site investigationc. Foundation Investigation


A schedule of detailed engineering activities shall include the following:a. Surveyb. Site investigationc. Foundation Investigationd. Soils and Materials Investigation


A schedule of detailed engineering activities shall include the following:a. Surveyb. Site investigationc. Foundation Investigationd. Soils and Materials Investigatione. Preparation of Design


A schedule of detailed engineering activities shall include the following:f. Preparation of Specifications


A schedule of detailed engineering activities shall include the following:f. Preparation of Specificationsg. Preparation of Quantity and Cost Estimates


A schedule of detailed engineering activities shall include the following:f. Preparation of Specificationsg. Preparation of Quantity and Cost Estimatesh. Preparation of Program of Work


A schedule of detailed engineering activities shall include the following:f. Preparation of Specificationsg. Preparation of Quantity and Cost Estimatesh. Preparation of Program of Worki. Preparation of Proposed Construction Schedule (and estimated Cash Flow for projects with schedule over six (6) months


A schedule of detailed engineering activities shall include the following:j. Preparation of Site or Right-Of-Way Plans Including Schedule of Acquisition


A schedule of detailed engineering activities shall include the following:j. Preparation of Site or Right-Of-Way Plans Including Schedule of Acquisitionk. Preparation of Utility Relocation Plan


A schedule of detailed engineering activities shall include the following:j. Preparation of Site or Right-Of-Way Plans Including Schedule of Acquisitionk. Preparation of Utility Relocation Planl. Preparation and Submission of Design Report


A schedule of detailed engineering activities shall include the following:j. Preparation of Site or Right-Of-Way Plans Including Schedule of Acquisitionk. Preparation of Utility Relocation Planl. Preparation and Submission of Design Reportm. Environmental Impact Statement For Major Project


A schedule of detailed engineering activities shall include the following:j. Preparation of Site or Right-Of-Way Plans Including Schedule of Acquisitionk. Preparation of Utility Relocation Planl. Preparation and Submission of Design Reportm. Environmental Impact Statement For Major Projectn. Preparation of Bid/Tender Documents

RISK REDUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR PARTS OF A SCHOOL BUILDING AND AMENITIES


1. Main Entrance/Gate


1. Main Entrance/Gatea. Main entrance shall be located preferably on a secondary road and must be designed swing-in to the school property.


1. Main Entrance/Gatea. Main entrance shall be located preferably on a secondary road and must be designed swing-in to the school property.b. Provide separate service entrance for the pupils/students and guests.


1. Main Entrance/Gatea. Main entrance shall be located preferably on a secondary road and must be designed swing-in to the school property.b. Provide separate service entrance for the pupils/students and guests.c. Main entrance shall provide enough clearance for fire trucks and medical vehicles.


2. Electrical Fixtures


2. Electrical Fixturesa. Require protective covering for all wirings and fixtures.


2. Electrical Fixturesa. Require protective covering for all wirings and fixtures.b. Install a fire alarm system that is affordable.


2. Electrical Fixturesa. Require protective covering for all wirings and fixtures.b. Install a fire alarm system that is affordable.c. Provide environment friendly fire extinguishers;


2. Electrical Fixturesa. Require protective covering for all wirings and fixtures.b. Install a fire alarm system that is affordable.c. Provide environment friendly fire extinguishers;d. Report any defective electrical wiring and fixtures to experts ;


2. Electrical Fixturesa. Require protective covering for all wirings and fixtures.b. Install a fire alarm system that is affordable.c. Provide environment friendly fire extinguishers;d. Report any defective electrical wiring and fixtures to experts ;e. Hang curtains in the classrooms away from wall-mounted fans.


3. Stairs/Handrails


3. Stairs/Handrailsa. Distance between railings shall not be more than 100 mm (4 inches) so that pupils/students cannot squeeze through;


3. Stairs/Handrailsa. Distance between railings shall not be more than 100 mm (4 inches) so that pupils/students cannot squeeze through;b. For abrupt change in floor elevation, provide ramp to avoid freak accidents.


3. Stairs/Handrailsa. Distance between railings shall not be more than 100 mm (4 inches) so that pupils/students cannot squeeze through;b. For abrupt change in floor elevation, provide ramp to avoid freak accidents.c. To minimize the chance of slipping, avoid smooth or polished steps surfaces and provide non-slip nosing.


3. Stairs/Handrailsa. Distance between railings shall not be more than 100 mm (4 inches) so that pupils/students cannot squeeze through;b. For abrupt change in floor elevation, provide ramp to avoid freak accidents.c. To minimize the chance of slipping, avoid smooth or polished steps surfaces and provide non-slip nosing.d. Always provide a landing with railings between a doorway and a stairway.


4. Windows


4. Windows

Windows shall be provided with security grills with emergency exit.


5. Doors/Exits


5. Doors/Exits

Classrooms shall always be provided with two swing-out Doors at the opposite sides of the classroom.


6. Walls


6. Walls

Walls shall be smooth finished to prevent injury to highly active, playful and mobile primary grades pupils.

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Education

School Plant and Facilities