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Powerpoint 3 of 10 Music Theory decks.
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build on first 2 sessions
expand our timing & tempo capabilities
mix timing with pitch for the first time
write our first “original” piece
“ OK, let’s go....
April 10, 2023 - 1
Session 3 “Rhythm 2”
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crabby comments to assist, confuse or distract....
building block approach
learning bites
discuss
apply (test where appropriate)
review
reinforce
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Get comfortable with a concept, then move on…. April 10, 2023 - 2
The Process
Semibreve (an egg) = 4 beats (a whole note)
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We now learn another name for each note type… April 10, 2023 - 3
Note Duration (Again!)
Minim (egg on a stick) = 2 beats (a half note)
Crotchet (black egg on a stick) = 1 beat (a quarter note)
Quaver ( black egg on a stick & 1 flag) = 1 beat (an eighth note)
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Rests are more important than played notes in solos...April 10, 2023 - 4
Rests (Again!)
musical silences also have defined durations, called “Rests”, the symbols below match up “Rests” with the 4 note types previously introduced, understood & befriended….
Semibreve rest = 4 beats
Play Symbol Rest Symbol
Minim = 2 beats
Crotchet = 1 beat
Quaver = 1/2 beat
some music will use notes longer or shorter than the 4 notes covered so far
some notes will be longer than just 1 bar
some music will speed up or slow down
some music will change Time Signature from 4/4 to ¾ etc – how many beats in each bar will change also
some music will have parts that have no notes, i.e. silences or “rests”
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All will be revealed in good time..... April 10, 2023 - 5
Advanced Topics
• part of the “quaver family” - these are half the value of a quaver
• similar to a quaver but have 2 flags on the stem
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Sixteenths & eighth notes are very common in jazz…
April 10, 2023 - 6
Semi Quavers
• have a value of a quarter of a beat
• are also known as “sixteenths”
• the semiquaver “rest” is similar to a quaver rest but has 2 flags also
• part of the “quaver family” - these are half the value of a quaver
• similar to a quaver but have 2 flags on the stem
1BAR
Sixteenths & eighth notes are very common in jazz…
April 10, 2023 - 7
Rhythm Exercise 5
• have a value of a quarter of a beat
• are also known as “sixteenths”
• the semiquaver “rest” is similar to a quaver rest but has 2 flags also
• some music will need to speed up
• some music will need to slow down
• some music will need to stop for a significant time!
• most music stays at the same tempo
• changes in tempo is a planned strategy to change the dynamics (impact) of a piece
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Sometimes the only strategy a drummer has... April 10, 2023 - 8
Changes in Tempo
• Accelerando (accel.) – gradually play faster & faster
• Stringendo – quickly play faster
• Doppio Movimemto – play phrase twice as fast
• Ritardano (rit., rall) - gradually play slower & slower
• Calendo – play slower as well as softer
• A tempo – written at the end of a musical phrase in which the tempo has been changed, this means return to the original tempo of the piece
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Do you understando this? April 10, 2023 - 9
More Italian Terms
• part of the “quaver family” - these are half the value of a quaver
• similar to a quaver but have 2 flags on the stem
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Sixteenths & eighth notes are very common in jazz…
April 10, 2023 - 10
Rhythm Exercise 6
• have a value of a quarter of a beat
• are also known as “sixteenths”
• the semiquaver “rest” is similar to a quaver rest but has 2 flags also
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Even the semiquaver can be tied… April 10, 2023 - 11
Tied Notes
often we need to hold a note for a period that crosses over into the next bar (or even over more than 2 bars)
we may also need to join the value of 2 or more notes within a bar
this is displayed by using a “slur” line to join the 2 notes
• part of the “quaver family” - these are half the value of a quaver
• similar to a quaver but have 2 flags on the stem
1BAR
Sixteenths & eighth notes are very common in jazz…
April 10, 2023 - 12
Rhythm Exercise 7
• have a value of a quarter of a beat
• are also known as “sixteenths”
• the semiquaver “rest” is similar to a quaver rest but has 2 flags also
1BAR
Even the semiquaver can be tied… April 10, 2023 - 13
Beams
often we need to hold a note for a period that crosses over into the next bar (or even over more than 2 bars)
we may also need to join the value of 2 or more notes within a bar
this is displayed by using a “slur” line to join the 2 notes
• part of the “quaver family” - these are half the value of a quaver
• similar to a quaver but have 2 flags on the stem
1BAR
Sixteenths & eighth notes are very common in jazz…
April 10, 2023 - 14
Rhythm Exercise 8
• have a value of a quarter of a beat
• are also known as “sixteenths”
• the semiquaver “rest” is similar to a quaver rest but has 2 flags also
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But how do we shut up the lead guitarist!!! April 10, 2023 - 15
Dotted Notes
Quaver = 1/2 beat
Classy walking stick starting on second line of Staff
Has one “handle” to match single “flag” hanging from the quaver For Guitar music particularly, the letters N.C. above a piece of music can be used to indicate that “No Chord” is to be played until the next chord name appears
• part of the “quaver family” - these are half the value of a quaver
• similar to a quaver but have 2 flags on the stem
1BAR
Sixteenths & eighth notes are very common in jazz…
April 10, 2023 - 16
Rhythm Exercise 9
• have a value of a quarter of a beat
• are also known as “sixteenths”
• the semiquaver “rest” is similar to a quaver rest but has 2 flags also
1. listen to the sample piece
2. listen again & tap/ sing /moan (or d nothing when you see a Rest symbol) etc to the timing of each note
3. repeat until you are confident you can understand & follow the timing of the exercise
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Do you need a rest now? April 10, 2023 - 17
Triplets
• part of the “quaver family” - these are half the value of a quaver
• similar to a quaver but have 2 flags on the stem
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Sixteenths & eighth notes are very common in jazz…
April 10, 2023 - 18
Rhythm Exercise 10
• have a value of a quarter of a beat
• are also known as “sixteenths”
• the semiquaver “rest” is similar to a quaver rest but has 2 flags also
1BAR
Click on the crab to hear a 4 beat (semibreve) rest…..
April 10, 2023 - 19
Time Signatures
musical silences also have defined durations, called “Rests”, the symbols below match up “Rests” with the 4 note types previously introduced, understood & befriended….
Semibreve = 4 beats
black brick hanging “below” the fourth line of the Staff.