Dr. Cable GreenDirector of Global Learning

cable@creativecommons.orgtwitter: @cgreen

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Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

(1) OER is 10-15 years old

OER happens(ed) because:

- Digital - Internet - Open Licenses (CC)

these are the tools of the day

CC is 10 years old

These tools are global.

FREE+

LEGAL RIGHTS:REUSEREVISEREMIX

REDISTRIBUTERETAIN

(2) OER is starting to go mainstream.

(15% and growing)

US analysis

CONDITIONS ARE RIPE FOR OER IN MAINSTREAM EDUCATION

Hewlett Foundation 2014: CC BY 4.0

Economic stress

Rise of digital technology in schools

High cost of higher education

High demand for higher education

Greater expectations around openness

Common Core

11

From idea to mainstream: 15-20%

Source: Everett Rogers, Diffusion of Innovations, Figure 1-2 (Ch. 1)

Rogers Diffusion Curve Market Share (%)

ROGERS DIFFUSION CURVE At “green shoots” (15-20% market share), adoption accelerates

Time

Innovation 1 Innovation 2 Innovation 3

Adopti

on (

%)

Hewlett Foundation 2014: CC BY 4.0

12

OER Positive “green shoots” but still a ways to go before mainstream adoption

Hewlett Foundation 2014: CC BY 4.0

CONTENT CREATIONHIGHER ED

DATA SOURCE

Babson survey

data

N = 2,512

MAIN IDEA

% of Chief

Academic Officers

(CAOs) that report

OER

is valuable

57% of Surveyed CAOs Report that OER is Valuable

57%

39%

5%OER IS NOT VALUABLE

NEUTRAL

OER IS VALUABLE

Source: Allen, I.E. and J. Seaman 2012Hewlett Foundation 2014: CC BY 4.0

AWARENESSHIGHER ED

DATA SOURCE

Babson survey

data

N = 2,512

MAIN IDEA

% of Chief

Academic Officers

(CAOs) that report

they are aware of

OER

87% of Surveyed CAOs Are Aware of OER

14%

38%

36%

13%NOT AWARE

SOMEWHAT AWARE

AWARE

VERY AWARE

Source: Allen, I.E. and J. Seaman 2012Hewlett Foundation 2014: CC BY 4.0

(3) IGOs are recommending “open” to the World

World Bank(video)

(a) Open Access Policy requires that all research outputs and knowledge

products published by the Bank be licensed CC BY as the default.

(b) Global Food Safety (open?)

UNESCO

(a) Paris OER Declaration

(b) UNESCO has announced a new Open Access Repository - majority of

UNESCO resources will be openly licensed under CC BY SA.

(4) Open Policy

Current research funding cycle does not maximize dissemination, economic efficiency, social impact

Government RFPs

announced, research grants

awarded

Scientific research

conducted and papers written

Articles submitted to journals and peer review

occurs

Acceptance in journals; authors

transfer copyright to publishers

Articles published in

mainly closed access journals

Libraries subscribe or

public pays per article fee to

view on publisher's

website

Public granted little or no reuse

rights beyond access to read

articles

Slow scientific progress, poor

return on public investment

Optimized research funding cycle maximizes public access, economic efficiency, social impact

Government RFPs

announced, open license requirements

included, research grants

awarded

Scientific research

conducted and papers written

Acceptance in journals; public access policy

ensures deposit in open

repository

Articles published in traditional

journals under embargo

Public can download

articles from open access repository

Public granted full reuse rights

under open licenses

Accelerated scientific progress,

optimal return on public

investment

Articles submitted to journals and peer review

occurs

Publicly funded resources should be openly licensed resources.

$2 billion over four yearsCC BY required

Scottish Open Education Declaration

Promote the adoption of procurement policies that give equal consideration to free and open source software and openly licensed materials…

Polish Ministry of Education releases an open primer textbook under CC BY

Indonesia Higher Education Law

"(4) The Government shall develop open learning

resources for use by the whole Academic Civitas”.

California Community Colleges require CC BY for Chancellor’s Office

Grants & Contracts

openpolicynetwork.org

Opportunity:

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