Spoken & pronunciation lesson 01

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Spoken & Pronunciation Course

1

Spoken & Pronunciation

ɚ

By

Md. Jamal Uddin Jamy BA (Hons) DU, MA in English (ELT) Teachers Trainer and Materials Writer

[email protected]

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Part 01 Pronunciation skills

Lesson 1.1

A GB B ex C mx D Wx

E C F Gd& G R¡x H GBP&

I AvB J †R¡B K †LB * L Gj&

M Gg& N Gb& O ID P dx *

Q wLD R Avi S Gm& T Vx *

U BD V fx

Y IqvB Z †hW&/ wh

W

Wvej&BD X G·&

Lesson 1.2

Correct Pronunciation of 7 days

Saturday Can you come on Saturday? I am free on that day

Sunday Sorry, I can not come; I will be busy on Sunday.

Monday Do you have any class on Monday?

Tuesday Tuesday is not unfortunate day.

Wednesday I have English class on Saturday, Monday and Wednesday

Thursday I prepare my weekly plan on Thursday.

Friday On Friday, I teach the street children to deign their career.

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Lesson 1.3

Correct Pronunciation of 12 months

January February March April May June July August September October November December

Part 02 Spoken Skills (Fluency Process)

Lesson 2.1

Fluency in 3 tenses (Indefinite) with 4 styles

4 forms of verbs Present form Past form Past Participle -ing form Do did done doing Take took taken taking Get got gotten getting Have had had having

Note: Teacher cÖ_‡g Driling Gi gva¨‡g students ‡ì gy‡Li RoZv `~i Ki‡eb| Zvici different verbs w`‡q sentence practice Kiv‡eb|

I go. I don’t go Do you go? Don’t you go?

Avwg hvB Avwg hvB bv Zzwg wK hvI? Zzwg wK hvIbv?

He goes. He doesn’t go Does he go? Doesn’t he go?

‡m hvq ‡m hvq bv ‡m wK hvq? ‡m wK hvqbv?

I went I didn’t go Did you go? Didn’t you go?

Avwg wM‡qwQjvg Avwg hvBwb Zzwg wK wM‡qwQ‡j? Zywg wK hvIwb?

He went He didn’t go Did he go? Didn’t he go?

‡m wM‡qwQj ‡m hvqwb ‡m wK wM‡qwQj? ‡m wK hvqwb?

I will go I won’t go Will you go? Won’t you go?

Avwg hve Avwg hvebv Zzwg wK hv‡e? Zzwg wK hv‡ebv?

He will go He won’t go Will he go? Won’t he go?

‡m hv‡e ‡m hv‡ebv ‡m wK hv‡e? ‡m wK hv‡ebv?

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List of Common Regular Verbs for daily uses

Plain form Meaning Third-person singular

Past tense Past participle

Present participle

Act Acts Acted Acted Acting Agree Agrees Agreed Agreed Agreeing Allow Allows Allowed Allowed Allowing

Answer Answers Answered Answered Answering Ask Asks Asked Asked Asking

Bathe Bathes Bathed Bathed Bathing Become Becomes Became Became Becoming Begin Begins Began Begun Beginning

Believe Believes Believed Believed Believing Boil Boils Boiled Boiled Boiling

Borrow Borrows Borrowed Borrowed Borrowing Break Breaks Broke Broken Breaking Bring Brings Brought Brought Bringing Brush Brushes Brushed Brushed Brushing Build Builds Built Built Building Burn Burns Burned Burned Burning Buy Buys Bought Bought Buying Call Calls Called Called Calling

Carry Carries Carried Carried Carrying Catch Catches Caught Caught Catching

Choose Chooses Chose Chosen Choosing Climb Climbs Climbed Climbed Climbing Close Closes Closed Closed Closing

Collect Collects Collected Collected Collecting Come Comes Came Come Coming

Complete Completes Completed Completed Competing Correct Corrects Corrected Corrected Correcting

Cry Cries Cried Cried Crying Cut Cuts Cut Cut Cutting Die Dies Died Died Dying

Disappear Disappears Disappeared Disappeared Disappearing Draw Draws Drew Drawn Drawing Drink Drinks Drank Drunk Drinking

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Drive Drives Drove Driven Driving Dry Dries Dried Dried Drying Eat Eats Ate Eaten Eating

Empty Empties Emptied Emptied Empting Enjoy Enjoys Enjoyed Enjoyed Enjoying Enter Enters Entered Entered Entering

Explain Explains Explained Explained Explaining Face Faces Faced Faced Facing Fail Fails Failed Failed Failing Fall Fall Fell Fallen Falling Feel Feels Felt Felt Feeling Find Finds Found Found Finding Fly Flies Flew Flown Flying

Forget Forgets Forgot Forgot Forgetting Get Gets Got Got Getting Give Gives Gave Given Giving Go Goes Went Gone Going

Grow Grows Grew Grown Growing Hate Hates Hated Hated Hating Hear Hears Heard Heard Hearing Help Helps Helped Helped Helping Hide Hides Hid Hidden Hiding Hit Hits Hit Hit Hitting

Hope Hopes Hoped Hoped Hoping Hunt Hunts Hunted Hunted Hunting Hurt Hurts Hurt Hurt Hurting Invite Invites Invited Invited Inviting Join Joins Joined Joined Joining

Jump Jumps Jumped Jumped Jumping Jog Jogs Jogged Jogged Jogging

Keep Keeps Kept Kept Keeping Kill Kills Killed Killed Killing

Know Knows Knew Known Knowing Learn Learns Learned Learned Learning Leave Leaves Left Let Leaving Lend Lends Lent Lent Lending Like Likes Liked Liked Liking Live Lives Lived Lived Living

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Look Looks Looked Looked Looking Lose Loses Lost Lost Losing Love Loves Loved Loved Loving Make Makes Made Made Making Marry Marries Married Married Marrying Mean Means Meant Meant Meaning Meet Meets Met Met Meeting Move Moves Moved Moved Moving Name Names Named Named Naming Need Needs Needed Needed Needing Open Opens Opened Opened Opening Paint Paints Painted Painted Painting Pull Pulls Pulled Pulled Pulling Push Pushes Pushed Pushed Pushing Put Puts Put Put Putting

Question Questions Questioned Questioned Questioning Reach Reaches Reached Reached Reaching Read Reads Read Read Reading Ride Rides Rode Ridden Riding Ring Rings Ringed Ringed Ringing Rise Rises Rose Risen Rising Rule Rules Ruled Ruled Ruling Run Runs Ran Run Running Rain Rains Rained Rained Raining Sail Sails Sailed Sailed Sailing Save Saves Saved Saved Saving Say Says Said Said Saying See Sees Saw Seen Seeing Sell Sells Sold Sold Selling Send Sends Sent Sent Sending Share Shares Shared Shared Sharing Shout Shouts Shouted Shouted Shouted Show Shows Showed Showed Showing Sing Sings Sang Sung Singing Sink Sinks Sank Sunk Sinking Sit Sits Sat Sat Seating

Sleep Sleeps Slept Slept Sleeping Smell Smells Smelt Smelt Smelling

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Speak Speaks Spoke Spoken Speaking Spell Spells Spelt Spelt Spelling Step Steps Stepped Stepped Stepping

Spend Spends Spent Spent Spending Stand Stands Stood Stood Standing Steal Steals Stole Stolen Stealing Study Studies Studied Studied Studying Swim Swims Swam Swum Swimming Take Takes Took Taken Taking Taste Tastes Tasted Tasted Tasting Teach Teaches Taught Taught Teaching Tell Tells Told Told Telling

Think Thinks Thought Thought Thinking Throw Throws Threw Thrown Throwing

Tie Ties Tied Tied Tying Try Tries Tried Tried Trying

Understand Understands Understood Understood Understanding Visit Visits Visited Visited Visiting Wait Waits Waited Waited Waiting Wake Wakes Woke Woken Waking Watch Watches Watched Watched Watching Wear Wears Wore Worn Wearing Win Wins Won Won Wining

Work Works Worked Worked Working Write Writes Wrote Written Writing

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Lesson 2.2 (fluency process)

Fluency in 3 tenses with non verbs Note: evi evi e‡j structures My‡jv Avq‡Z¡ Avb‡Z n‡e hv‡Z gy‡Li RoZv `~i nq| Zvici wb‡Pi Adjective ¸‡jv w`‡q A‡bK sentence practice Ki‡Z n‡e|

I am smart

I am not smart

Am I smart?

Am I not smart?

Avwg ¯§vU©

Avwg ¯§vU© bv

Avwg wK ¯§vU©?

Avwg wK ¯§vU© bB?

He is smart

He is not smart

Is he smart?

Isn’t he smart?

‡m ¯§vU©

‡m ¯§vU© bv

‡m wK ¯§vU©?

‡m wK ¯§vU© bv?

I was smart

I wasn’t smart

Avwg ¯§vU ©wQjvg

Avwg ¯§vU© wQjvg bv

He was smart

He wasn’t smart

‡m ¯§vU ©wQj

‡m ¯§vU© wQj bv

I will be smart

I won’t be smart

Avwg ¯§vU© ne

Avwg ¯§vU© nebv

He will be smart

He won’t be smart

‡m ¯§vU© n‡e

‡m ¯§vU© n‡ebv

Recap: Try to say at least 3/5 times in one breath

Try to make sentences with 3 tenses by using these noun & adjectives

Word Meaning Word Meaning Smart ¯§vU© Happy mywL Agree ivwR Present Dcw¯’Z Regular wbqwgZ Absent Abycw¯’Z Angry ivMvwšZ Tired K¬všÍ Miser K…cb Talkative evuPvj Confident AvZ¡wek¦vwm Optimistic Avkvevw` Fluent d¬y‡q›U A student GKRb QvÎ A leader GKRb †bZv Anxious DwØMœ

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Part 03 Practical Session

Lesson 3.1

Greetings 1. Hi. Hello.

2. Good morning. Good afternoon. Good evening.

3. How are you? How ya doing? (Informal)

4. Fine. How about you? 5. Okay. Thanks.

Introducing Yourself 1. I'm Limon. I'm Bijoy. (Use first name in informal situations) 2. I'm Limon Khan. I'm Bijoy Lal Basu . (Use full name in business and formal situations) 3. (It's) nice to meet you. (It's) nice meeting you. (It's) good to meet you. 4. Nice to meet you too.

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Introducing People

1. This is my friend, Alim. Hi Jack. I'm Sara

my brother, Sumon.

my sister, Sonia.

my father, Mr. Harris.

my mother, Mrs. Harris.

my teacher, Ms. Badsa.

2. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you too.

Identifying People and Things

1. This is Nasrin. That is Mr. Bashir.

2. Nasrin is a writer. Mr. Bashir is a barber. Gail is a Batsman. He is a photographer. She is a secretary. He's a dentist.

3. I am a computer programmer. I'm a businessman. I'm not a mechanic.

4. We are writers. They are engineers. You are a student. You are students.

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Classroom Questions

What is your name? My name is Robert. You can call me Bob What is it? It's a desk. What is that? That's a pencil. How do you say it in English? Eraser. How do you spell it? E-R-A-S-E-R Please say it again. All right. Please speak more slowly. OK. Listen carefully. I don't understand. Let me explain. I'm sorry. That's okay.

Conversation Starters General greetings and inquiries

How's everything? How's life?

(This means "How are you?)

Asking about present activities

What's up? What's happening?

(What are you doing now?)

Bringing up a serious topic

Can I talk to you for a minute? Do you have a minute?

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More questions for pair practice First of all teacher will make the environment for pair practice then two of the students will come to front and practice together by asking questions followed by all the students will practice together sitting there place.

1. What is your name? …………………………………………………………………………… 2. That's an interesting name. Is it Indian?

…………………………………………………………………………… 3. It's a pleasure to meet you. Where are you from?

…………………………………………………………………………… 4. Where do you live?

…………………………………………………………………………… 5. How long have you been living there?

…………………………………………………………………………… 6. Do you have neighborhood? Do you like them?

…………………………………………………………………………… 7. Do you live in an apartment or house?

…………………………………………………………………………… 8. What do you do?

…………………………………………………………………………… 9. Which University do you study? (Which company do you work for?)

…………………………………………………………………………… 10. How long have you been there?

…………………………………………………………………………… 11. Do you like your University / job?

…………………………………………………………………………… 12. Are you married?

…………………………………………………………………………… 13. How long have been married?

……………………………………………………………………………

Teacher- pair practice – Gi gva¨‡g conversation Kiv‡eb,

hv‡Z student iv English- G

Communicate Ki‡Z cv‡i|

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14. Where did you get married? ……………………………………………………………………………

15. What do you like doing in your free time? ……………………………………………………………………………

16. Can you play tennis / cricket / soccer / etc.? ……………………………………………………………………………

17. What do you do on weekends / Saturdays? ……………………………………………………………………………

18. "What kind of films / food / vacations do you enjoy? ……………………………………………………………………………

Lesson 3.2

Short and informal Introducing

Example: 1 Hello, my name is Jennifer. I'm a programmer

and I come from Chicago. I live in New York

with my husband James. We have two children

and a dog. The dog is very funny. I work at a

computer company in the city. The company is

very famous and successful. Our daughter is

named Anna and our Son is named Peter. She is

four years old and he is five. We like living and

working in New York.

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Example: 2 Hello! My name is Mary Jane and I

live in Australia. I am 22 years old

and I love to spend time with my

friends. I have fair complexion (skin

color) and blue eyes. I usually wear

shirts, trousers, pants and T-shirts.

Example: 3 Hello! My name is Brian Ganga from

West Indies. I am 12 years old. My

face is oval-shaped. I have short curly

hair and dark complexion. My teeth

are sparking white and my friends like

my smile a lot. I am very tall I like

playing and watching cricket.

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Now it’s your turn !!!

Note: cÖ‡Z¨KwU K¬v‡k students †ì mvg‡b wM‡q presentation w`‡Z n‡e| cª_g K¬vk wn‡m‡e

simply Avcbvi m¤ú‡K© K‡qKwU K_v ejyb| cÖ‡q‡R‡b wb‡Pi format †_‡K help wbb|

Hints: 1. Greetings:…………………………………….. 2. Your name:…………………………………… 3. Your district: ………………………………….. 4. Your age:……………………………………… 5. Your face and hair:…………………………….. 6. Liking disliking:……………………………….. 7. Free time: ……………………………………..

1. Your name: Hello My name is Jamy and I live in Dhaka

2. Your district: I am from Pabna 3. Your age: I am 25 years old 4. Your face and hair: I have a

smiling face that’s why I have a good relation with everyone.

5. Liking disliking: I like playing football and cricket. I dislike telling a lie.

6. Free time: In my spare time I like browsing internet.

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Lesson 3.3

Home work: For Next Class 01. Greetings: Hello friends. How are you? Good morning/ good afternoon/ good evening 02. Starter: I am going to say something about myself. 03. Name: Well, I am............................................... But you can call me........................... This is my

nick name and I am quite familiar with this name. 04. Address: I am from............................................... and you know it is one of the famous districts of

Bangladesh. But at present I am staying at............................. in.............................................. 05. Profession: .................................................................................................... 06. Family: We are.............. members in my family. I have got .............sister (s) and ................brother

(s) and I am ............... in position. My father, he is a .................................... and my mother, She is a.....................................

07. Leisure interests: In my spare time, I like watching television, listening to music, reading books, collecting

stamps and so on. 08. Future plans: After completing my graduation I would like to be a .........

.............................and it’s my long cherished dream (`xN© jvwjZ ¯cœ) 09. Pre-closing: That’s all for today/ that’s all for the time being/ have a nice day/ no more today. 10. Closing: Thank you very much/ thank you indeed.

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Activity7: Individual Task

Autobiography: Writing Task

Carefully read the following Autobiographies written by ESL learners studying at the

intermediate level. Then write a similar Autobiography of yourself in the work sheet.

Diletta

I was born in Florence, a very fine Italian city. My father is a businessman. He imports

and exports coral and everything which ladies love. My mother is a housewife. I grew up

in Florence with a brother, Leonard, who came from India, and a sister who is like me, but

she's blond. My sister and I are like our father, but I'm like my mother too. When I started

school, I was in the middle class and I didn't work very hard! My brother and I invented

many games - one day we were in the "Far West", another day we were mother and

child..... Both my brother and my sister are younger than me. When my sister was a little

older, we all played together. Our parents used to give us all the money we needed,

without exaggeration. We spent this on everything we needed - cinema tickets, books,

petrol for the motorcycle etc.

Hsiu-feng

I was born in a city in Taiwan called Taipei. My father was a restaurant manager and my

mother was a housewife. I started school in Taipei when I was six. I had two older sisters.

They were both very intelligent and were always in the top class. We used to play with the

other children in our street. We played baseball and rode bicycles in a field near our

house. When I was eight, I learned ballet and also started painting. My dream was to be a

ballet dancer. My favourite times were during the school holidays. In the summer, we

visited my grandparents' house. They lived near the seaside. They were friendly and

interesting. I loved them and we all enjoyed our summers there.

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Sara

I was born in a small town called Recco, near Portafino. My father was a clerk in the bank

where he still works and my mother was and is a secretary. During my early childhood,

my family moved house four times. I started school in Recco when I was six. I was an

only child - I don't have any brothers or sisters. I was usually in the middle class since I

didn't study very hard. I spent my money on sweets and ice-cream, but spent my holidays

in the mountains.

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Part 04 Additional study materials (Not for Class) wk¶_©x eÜziv, gvÎ †ò N›Uv mg‡qi g‡a¨ B”Qv _vK‡jI A‡bK wKQy cov‡bv m¤¢e bq| ZvB cÖwZwU K¬v‡ki GB Aa¨v‡q wKQy Additional study materials †Ìqv n‡”Q hv Avcbviv evmvq ci‡eb|

Lesson 4.1

1.1 Vocabulary chorus from flash card : (oral test) No. Words/Expressions Pronunciation Meaning Translate into English (oral) 01. Absurd adj. (Ave&'mviW) A‡hŠw³K; nvm¨Ki GUv LyeB nvm¨Ki| 02. Absurd suggestion (Ave&'mviW mv'‡Rm&kb&) A‡hŠw³K civgk© GUv A‡hŠw³K civgk© ê wKQzB bq| 03. Absurd comments (Ave&'mviW K‡gbUm&) nvm¨Ki gšÍe¨ GUv nvm¨Ki gšÍe¨ ê wKQzB bq| 04. Absurd demand (Ave&'mviW wWgvb&W) A‡hŠw³K `vwe Avwg †Zvgvi A‡hŠw³K `vwe gvwb bv| 05. Absurd decision (Ave&'mviW wWwmR.b) A‡hŠw³K wm×všÍ GUv Aek¨B GKwU A‡hŠw³K wm×všÍ| 06. Absurd matter (Ave&'mviW g¨vUvt) A‡hŠw³K e¨vcvi wK A‡hŠw³K e¨vcvi! 07. Acquainted adj. (Av'‡Kv‡qBbwUW&) cwiwPZ †m Avgvi cwiwPZ| 08. Adjure v. (Av'RyAvi) mwbe©Ü Aby‡iva Kiv Avwg †Zvgv‡K wg_¨v bv ejvi Rb¨ mwbe©Ü eÜ

Aby‡iva KiwQ| 09. Admonish v. (AvW'gwbk&) Dc‡`k †`qv ev

mZK© K‡i †`qv Avwg †Zvgv‡K †kl ev‡ii g‡Zv mZK© K‡i w`w”Q gvby‡li mv‡_ cÖZviYv bv Kivi e¨vcv‡i|

10. Affluent adj. ('A¨vd&jyAvb&U&) abx, weËevb, mg„× Zv‡K weËevb e‡j g‡b nq|

Lesson 4.2

1.2 Everyday words from vocabulary book: No.

Words/Expressions

Pronunciation

Meaning Translate into English (oral)

01. Frown v. d«vDb å“KzPKv‡bv (iv‡M ev cwikª‡g) Zzwg Avgvi w`‡K å“KzPKv”Q †Kb? 02. Fastidious adj. dvm&wUwWAvm LyuZLy‡Z, †`vl ai‡Z Zrco †m †cvkv‡Ki e¨vcv‡i LyeB LyuZLy‡Z| 03. Bald-headed adj. e¨vjW&-†nwWW †U‡Kv Avwg AvR GK †U‡Kv †jvK‡K †`‡LwQjvg| 04. Wisdom tooth n. DBRWg Uz_ Av‡°j ùvZ Avgvi Av‡°j ùvZ D‡V‡Q| 05. Floss v. dv¬Q ùvZ wLjvj Kiv/ cwi¯‹vi

Kiv mevi mvg‡b †Zvgvi ùvZ wLjvj Kiv DwPZ bq|

06. Sit cross-legged v.

wmU K&ªvQ-†jM&W Avmb †M‡o emv g‡b n‡”Q †m Avgvi evmvq Avmb †M‡o e‡m‡Q|

07. Fulminate v. dvj&wg‡bBU †Z‡j †e¸‡b R¡‡j DVv Avgvi K_v ï‡bB †m †Z‡j †e¸‡b R¡‡j DVj| 08. Get stuck v. †MW& ÷vK AvU‡K hvIqv Zvi KÉ¯i evi evi AvU‡K hvw”Qj| 09. Groan v. †MÖŠb †MvOv‡bv Avwg †MvOv‡bv kã ïb‡Z cvw”Q| 10. Harsh voice nvik& f‡qBm KK©k KÉ Avgv‡ì KK©k K‡É KvD‡K wKQz ejvi

DwPZ bq|

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Lesson 4.3

Sentence stress phrasebook You will speak more fluently if you say some very common expressions with a fixed pronunciation, like a single word. The expressions below are grouped according to their stress pattern.

000 0000 000 Good morning. How much is it? (Gi `vg KZ?) No problem! Good evening. How far is it? (GUv KZ ~i?) Don’t worry.( ywkš—v Ki‡e bv) Excuse me! What time is it? (mgq KZ?) Keep quiet! (Pzc _vK!) How are you? What day was it? (†mUv †Kvb w`b wQj) Please help us. I’d love to. (Avgvi fvj jv‡M) Who told you? (†K ejj †Zvgv‡K?)

000 0000 What’s your name? What do you do? (Zzwg wK Ki? What’s the time? (mgq KZ?) Where are you from? (Zzwg †Kv_v †_‡K G‡m‡Q?) Thanks a lot. Where do you live? (†Kv_vq _vK?) Close the door. Where were you born? (†Zvgvi Rb¥ †Kv_vq?) Yes, of course. (n¨v, Aek¨B) When does it leave? (KLb †kl n‡e?) Come and see! (Avm Ges †`L) How do you do? (AvQ †Kgb?) Don’t forget. (fy‡j †hIbv) What do you want? (wK PvI ej?)

0000 0000 A piece of cake. Can you help me? (Zzwg wK Avgv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cvi?) The shop was closed. (†`vKvbwU eÜ wQj) Do you like it? (Zzwg wK GUv cQ›` Ki?) It’s time to go. (hvIqvi †Zv GLbB mgq) Are you coming? (Zzwg wK AvmQ?) I spoke to jamy? Was it raining? (e„wó nw”Qj wK?) A cup of tea. There’s a problem. (GKUv mgm¨v Av‡Q) There’s a problem there. (†mLv‡b GKwU mgm¨v) 0000 00000 See you later! (Avevi †`Lv n‡e) Would you like a drink? (cvbxq wKQz Pj‡e?) Just a moment. (GK wgwbU) Do you want to come? (Avm‡Z PvI?) Pleased to meet you. (†Zvgvi mv‡_ †`Lv n‡q eÇ fv‡jv jvMj) Is it time to go? (hvIqvi wK GLwb mgq?) Where’s the station? (†÷BkvbwU †Kv_vq?) Is it far from home? (Bnv wK evwo †_‡K A‡bK ~i?)

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Lesson 4.4

Hugely Used Expressions Unfortunate happening (AbvKvw•LZ NUbv) Untoward incident (AcÖxwZKi NUbv) Dramatic event (bvUKxq NUbv) Tense situation (D‡ËRbvKi cwiw ’wZ) Criticize violently (K‡Vvi mgv‡jvPbv Kiv) Political association (ivR‰bwZK m¤úK©/ mn‡hvMxZv) Force to admit the truth (mZ¨ ¯xKv‡i eva¨ Kiv) Hold at present level (AcwiewZ©Z ivLv) Rule out/reject the possibility (bv‡KvP Kiv) Disagreement (gZv‰bK¨) Alarming rumour (fxwZKi ¸Re) Rush to hospital (`ªæZ nvmcvZv‡j wb‡q hvIqv) In this connection (G e¨vcv‡i) At one stage (GK ch©v‡q) Family Feud (cvwievwiK Kjn) Arise suspicion (m‡›`n D‡`ªK Kiv) Altercation (ev`vbyev`, K_v KvUvKvwU) Newly wed (beweevwnZ) Commit suicide (AvZ¥nZ¨v Kiv) Unnatural Death (Acg„Zz ) Mass burying (MYKei) Mass burying ground (MYKei ’vb) Mass killing (MYnZ¨v) (Be) buried alive (Rxeš— Kei †`qv) Fabricated blame (wg_¨v Acev`) He was buried alive. (Zv‡K Rxeš— Kei †`qv

n‡qwQj)

Lesson 4.5

Commonly Used Everyday English

(ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b Anin eëüZ nq GiKg wKQz sentences GB †mKk‡b †`qv nj G¸‡jv wbqwgZ practice Ki‡j Avcbvi fluency A‡bK ‡e‡o hv‡e undoubtedly.)

01. Not a good deal fv‡jv KvR n‡jv bv| 02. Quite some †ek A‡bK| 03. What happened? wK n‡jv/ wK n‡q‡Q? 04. What more? Avi wK?

05. Who else? Avi †K? 06. Anything important? ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQz? 07. Nothing important ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQzB bv| 08. Please keep it as it is †hfv‡e Av‡Q †mfv‡e

†i‡L `vI| 09. The proposal is being

considered cÖ ÍvewU †f‡e †`Lv n‡”Q|

10. He is being smart day by day

†m w`b w`b ¯§vU© n‡”Q|

11. Over there IB †Zv ILv‡b| 12. Nothing of that kind I iKg wKQzbv| 13. What else? Avi wK? 14. Who is left? †K evwK Av‡Q? 15. Anything serious? mvsNvwZK wKQz Kx? 16. Somewhat important wKQzUv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| 17. Thanks a lot AmsL¨ abëv`| 18. Let the decision be

taken wm×všÍwU ‡bqv †nvK|

19. The proposal will be considered

cÖ¯ÍvewU †f‡e †`Lv n‡e| 20. What a surprise! Kx Avðvh©!

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Lesson 4.6

Reading for Better Speaking

(Speaking G fvj Kivi Rb¨ reading is a must. ZvB Avcbv‡ì Reading habit †K evov‡bvi Rb¨ Avvgv‡ì GB section wU)

A good beginning is half of the battle

Any good effort (†h †Kvb fvj D‡Ïk¨) usually (mvaviYZ) brings good result. It means that if we

start any work sincerely (hZœmnKv‡i) it will lead (cwiPvwjZ Ki‡e) to our cherished goal

(`xN©jvwjZ ¯cœ). Half hearted beginning will not bring good result. When we do anything we

should do it with full dedication (m¤ú~Y© AvšÍwiKZv mnKv‡i). In the examination hall, for

example, an examinee who starts writing his answers correctly may expect (Avkv Ki‡Z cv‡i)

a good result. If the beginning is bad we cannot expect a good end. Our first serious effort

will inspire (DrmvwnZ Ki‡e) us to use much of our strength (kw³/ mvg_© ) and determination

(`„p msKí) to complete the work.

Education

Spoken & pronunciation lesson 01