Presented by Dr. Farhana Taher Sumya

Guided by Dr. Nahid Farhana Amin

Asso. Prof. Dept. of AnatomyBSMMU

Structure-Function Relationship of the Endocrine Glands of the Head and Neck Regions with their Clinical Aspects

Objectives

• Differentiate among endocrine, exocrine and neuronal secretion

• Describe the gross structure and development of the four major endocrine glands of the head and neck regions

Objectives

• Explain the function of each gland with their microscopic structures

• Correlate some clinical aspects of these glands with their microscopic structures

Exocrine vs. Endocrine secretion

Endocrine vs. Neuronal secretion

Major Endocrine Glands

Pituitary Gland

Pituitary gland

Gross structure

Pituitary gland

Gross structure

Pituitary gland

Development

Pituitary gland

Microscopic structureH & E stain

Cells of the anterior pituitary gland

H & E stain

Microscopic structurePituitary gland

Mallory stain

Microscopic structurePituitary gland

Anterior pituitary gland

H & E stain Aniline blue stain

Posterior pituitary gland

Microscopic structurePituitary gland

Anterior pituitary gland

Microscopic structurePituitary gland

Posterior pituitary gland

Microscopic structurePituitary gland

FunctionPituitary gland

FunctionPituitary gland

H & E stain

Pituitary adenomaPituitary gland

H & E stain

Excessive pituitary secretion

Pituitary gland

Pineal Gland

pineal gland

Gross structure

pineal gland

Development

Developmentpineal gland

Microscopic structurepineal gland

H & E stain

Microscopic structure

Glial cell Pinealocyte

pineal gland

H & E stain

pineal gland

Microscopic structure

pineal gland

Function

pineal gland

Pinealocytoma

Thyroid Gland

Thyroid gland

Gross structure

DevelopmentThyroid gland

DevelopmentThyroid gland

DevelopmentThyroid gland

Microscopic structureThyroid gland

H & E stain

Thyroid gland

Microscopic structure

H & E stain

Follicular cell

Thyroid gland

Microscopic structureH & E stain

Follicular cell

Thyroid gland

Microscopic structure

Parafollicular cell

Thyroid gland

Microscopic structure

Thyroid gland

Function

Graves disease

Normal state

Thyroid gland

H & E stain

Disease condition

Hashimotos ThyroiditisThyroid gland

H & E stain

Papillary carcinomaThyroid gland

H & E stain

Multinodular GoiterThyroid gland

H & E stain

Parathyroid Gland

Parathyroid Gland

Gross structure

DevelopmentParathyroid Gland

Parathyroid Gland

Microscopic structureH & E stain

Parathyroid Gland

Microscopic structure

Parathyroid Gland

Function

Parathyroid AdenomaParathyroid Gland

H & E stain

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