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Identifying the outline map in reading (A) Victor GAO Zhejiang International Studie s University 3 April 2011

Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

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Top-down schema reading skills demonstration: finding the outline map of the passage

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Identifying the outline map in reading (A)

Victor GAO

Zhejiang International Studies University

3 April 2011

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How to read a passage

Writer’sknowledge

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How to read a passage

Writer’sknowledge

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Sharing with the writer

Reader’s knowledge

Writer’sknowledge

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Sharing with the writer

Reader’s knowledge

Writer’sknowledge

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Common core shared

Writer’sknowledge

Reader’sknowledge

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Common core shared

The more we share, the easier our reading will be

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What is skimming like?

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The eagle is the reader the landscape is the passage

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We usually read like this

1

2

3 4 9

5

6 7

8

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We usually read like this

3

2

1

4

5

6

7

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1) People are always talking about 'the problem of youth'. If there is one - which I take leave to doubt- then it is older people who create it, not the young themselves. Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after all human beings - people just like their elders. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is.

2) When I was a teenager, I felt that I was just young and uncertain -- that I was a new boy in a huge school, and I would have been very pleased to be regarded as something so interesting as a problem. For one thing, being a problem gives you a certain identity, and that is one of the things the young are busily engaged in seeking.

3) I find young people exciting. They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love of comfort. They are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things. All this seems to me to link them with life, and the origins of things. It's as if they were, in some sense, cosmic beings in violent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatures. All that is in my mind when I meet a young person. He may be conceited, ill-mannered, presumptuous or fatuous, but I do not turn for protection to dreary cliches about respect of elders -- as if mere age were a reason for respect. I accept that we are equals, and I will argue with him, as an equal, if I think he is wrong.

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1) People are always talking about 'the problem of youth'. If there is one - which I take leave to doubt- then it is older people who create it, not the young themselves. Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after all human beings - people just like their elders. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is.

2) When I was a teenager, I felt that I was just young and uncertain -- that I was a new boy in a huge school, and I would have been very pleased to be regarded as something so interesting as a problem. For one thing, being a problem gives you a certain identity, and that is one of the things the young are busily engaged in seeking.

3) I find young people exciting. They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love of comfort. They are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things. All this seems to me to link them with life, and the origins of things. It's as if they were, in some sense, cosmic beings in violent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatures. All that is in my mind when I meet a young person. He may be conceited, ill-mannered, presumptuous or fatuous, but I do not turn for protection to dreary cliches about respect of elders -- as if mere age were a reason for respect. I accept that we are equals, and I will argue with him, as an equal, if I think he is wrong.

Page 14: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

1) People are always talking about 'the problem of youth'. If there is one - which I take leave to doubt- then it is older people who create it, not the young themselves. Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after all human beings - people just like their elders. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is.

2) When I was a teenager, I felt that I was just young and uncertain -- that I was a new boy in a huge school, and I would have been very pleased to be regarded as something so interesting as a problem. For one thing, being a problem gives you a certain identity, and that is one of the things the young are busily engaged in seeking.

3) I find young people exciting. They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love of comfort. They are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things. All this seems to me to link them with life, and the origins of things. It's as if they were, in some sense, cosmic beings in violent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatures. All that is in my mind when I meet a young person. He may be conceited, ill-mannered, presumptuous or fatuous, but I do not turn for protection to dreary cliches about respect of elders -- as if mere age were a reason for respect. I accept that we are equals, and I will argue with him, as an equal, if I think he is wrong.

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How do paragraphs relate to each other?

1

2

3 4 9

5

6 7

8

??

??

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When we can’t findthe map…

we may only see

paragraphs,but not the

passage!

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we then can’t see the passage

we may only see

paragraphs,but not the

passage!

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But there IS a map in the passage

3

2 4

5

6

7

1

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An outline map of passage

6

2

7

5

3

4

1

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It is the relationship between paragraphs

6

2

7

5

3

4

1

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If we find the outline map of a passage like this

6

2

7

5

3

4

1

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Or if we find the outline map of a passage like this

6

2

7

5

3

4

1

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Then we see all the paragraphs as a whole piece

We see how the

paragraphsare related!

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The map is the relationship between paragraphs

6

2

7

5

3

4

1

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When we see it, we seethe passage organization

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Reading is like dismantling 拆卸 an ox 庖丁解牛

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Not only do we see the ox

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but its muscles

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Then it is the topic in each para that determines the map

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The Cambrian Explosion

A reading passage for senior middle school learners

高 歌浙江外国语学院

2011 年 3 月

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Cambria is in Wales, UK

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where lots of fossils like these were found

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Fossils of trilobita 三叶虫

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where lots of fossils like these were found

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The fossils were found under sediments 沉积体

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Let’s read for topics in the outline map

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Paragraph One

Cambrian Explosion

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4Topic?7

32

6 5

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The geologic 地质 timescale 年代 is marked by significant geologic and biological events, including the origin of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago, the origin of life about 3.5 billion years ago, the origin of eukaryotic 真核生物的 life-forms (living things that have cells with true nuclei 真核 ) about 1.5 billion years ago, and the origin of animals about 0.6 billion years ago. The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian period. Animals originated relatively late in the history of Earth – in only the last 10 percent of Earth’s history. During a geologically brief 100-million-year period, all modern animal groups (along with other animals that are now extinct) evolved. This rapid origin and diversification 多样化

of animals is often referred to as “the Cambrian explosion.”

Vocabulary learning

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The geologic 地质 timescale 年代 is marked by significant geologic and biological events, including the origin of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago, the origin of life about 3.5 billion years ago, the origin of eukaryotic 真核生物的 life-forms (living things that have cells with true nuclei 真核 ) about 1.5 billion years ago, and the origin of animals about 0.6 billion years ago.

The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian period. Animals originated relatively late in the history of Earth – in o

nly the last 10 percent of Earth’s history. During a geologically brief 100-million-year period, all moder

n animal groups (along with other animals that are now extinct) evolved.

This rapid origin and diversification 多样化 of animals is often referred to as “the Cambrian explosion.”

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•The geologic 地质 timescale 年代 is marked by significant geologic and biological events, including the origin of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago, the origin of life about 3.5 billion years ago, the origin of eukaryotic 真核生物的 life-forms (living things that have cells with true nuclei 真核 ) about 1.5 billion years ago, and the origin of animals about 0.6 billion years ago.

•The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian period. •Animals originated relatively late in the history of Earth – in only the last 10 per

cent of Earth’s history. •During a geologically brief 100-million-year period, all modern animal groups

(along with other animals that are now extinct) evolved. •This rapid origin and diversification 多样化 of animals is often referred to as “t

he Cambrian explosion.”

Page 44: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

•The geologic timescale 地质年代 is marked by significant geologic and biological events, including the origin of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago, the origin of life about 3.5 billion years ago, the origin of eukaryotic 真核生物的 life-forms (living things that have cells with true nuclei 真核 ) about 1.5 billion years ago, and the origin of animals about 0.6 billion years ago.

•The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian period. •Animals originated relatively late in the history of Earth – in only the last 10 per

cent of Earth’s history. •During a geologically brief 100-million-year period, all modern animal groups

(along with other animals that are now extinct) evolved. •This rapid origin and diversification 多样化 of animals is often referred to as “t

he Cambrian explosion.”

Page 45: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

•The geologic timescale 地质年代 is marked by significant geologic and biological events, including the origin of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago, the origin of life about 3.5 billion years ago, the origin of eukaryotic 真核生物的 life-forms (living things that have cells with true nuclei 真核 ) about 1.5 billion years ago, and the origin of animals about 0.6 billion years ago.

• The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian period. • Animals originated relatively late in the history of Earth – in only the last 10 percent of E

arth’s history. • During a geologically brief 100-million-year period, all modern animal groups (along wi

th other animals that are now extinct) evolved. • This rapid origin and diversification 多样化 of animals is often referred to as “the Camb

rian explosion.”

Page 46: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

•The geologic timescale 地质年代 is marked by significant geologic and biological events, including the origin of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago, the origin of life about 3.5 billion years ago, the origin of eukaryotic 真核生物 life-forms (living things that have cells with true nuclei 真核 ) about 1.5 billion years ago, and the origin of animals about 0.6 billion years ago.

•The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian period. •Animals originated relatively late in the history of Earth – in only the last 10 per

cent of Earth’s history. •During a geologically brief 100-million-year period, all modern animal groups

(along with other animals that are now extinct) evolved. •This rapid origin and diversification 多样化 of animals is often referred to as “t

he Cambrian explosion.”

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The geologic timescale 地质年代 is marked by significant geologic and biological events, including 大背景:时期的划分1. the origin of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago, 2. the origin of life about 3.5 billion years ago, 3. the origin of eukaryotic 真核生物的 life-forms (living things that have cells wit

h true nuclei) about 1.5 billion years ago, and

4. the origin of animals about 0.6 billion years ago. The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian p

eriod. 引出背景下的主题 Animals originated relatively late in the history of Earth – in only the

last 10 percent of Earth’s history. 何时 During a geologically brief 100-million-year period, all modern anim

al groups (along with other animals that are now extinct) evolved. 发生了何事

This rapid origin and diversification 多样化 of animals is often referred to as “the Cambrian explosion.” 叫什么

Page 48: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

The geologic timescale 地质年代 is marked by significant geologic and biological events, including 大背景:时期的划分1. the origin of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago, 2. the origin of life about 3.5 billion years ago, 3. the origin of eukaryotic 真核生物的 life-forms (living things that have cells wit

h true nuclei) about 1.5 billion years ago, and

4. the origin of animals about 0.6 billion years ago. The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian p

eriod. 引出背景下的主题 Animals originated relatively late in the history of Earth – in only the

last 10 percent of Earth’s history. 何时 During a geologically brief 100-million-year period, all modern anim

al groups (along with other animals that are now extinct) evolved. 发生了何事

This rapid origin and diversification 多样化 of animals is often referred to as “the Cambrian explosion.” 叫什么

Page 49: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

The geologic timescale 地质年代 is marked by significant geologic and biological events, including 大背景:时期的划分

the origin of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago, the origin of life about 3.5 billion years ago, the origin of eukaryotic 真核生物的 life-forms (living things that have c

ells with true nuclei) about 1.5 billion years ago, and the origin of animals about 0.6 billion years ago.

The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian period. 引出背景下的主题

Animals originated relatively late in the history of Earth – in only the last 10 percent of Earth’s history. 何时

During a geologically brief 100-million-year period, all modern animal groups (along with other animals that are now extinct) evolved. 发生了何事

This rapid origin and diversification 多样化 of animals is often referred to as “the Cambrian explosion.”

Page 50: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

The geologic timescale 地质年代 is marked by significant geologic and biological events, including 大背景:时期的划分

the origin of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago, the origin of life about 3.5 billion years ago, the origin of eukaryotic 真核生物的 life-forms (living things that have c

ells with true nuclei) about 1.5 billion years ago, and the origin of animals about 0.6 billion years ago.

The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian period. 引出背景下的主题

Animals originated relatively late in the history of Earth – in only the last 10 percent of Earth’s history. (when)

During a geologically brief 100-million-year period, all modern animal groups (along with other animals that are now extinct) evolved. (what)

This rapid origin and diversification 多样化 of animals is often referred to as “the Cambrian explosion.”

Page 51: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

The geologic timescale 地质年代 is marked by significant geologic and biological events, including 大背景:时期的划分

the origin of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago, the origin of life about 3.5 billion years ago, the origin of eukaryotic 真核生物的 life-forms (living things that have c

ells with true nuclei) about 1.5 billion years ago, and the origin of animals about 0.6 billion years ago.

The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian period. 引出背景下的主题

Animals originated relatively late in the history of Earth – in only the last 10 percent of Earth’s history. (when)

During a geologically brief 100-million-year period, all modern animal groups (along with other animals that are now extinct) evolved. (what)

This rapid origin and diversification 多样化 of animals is often referred to as “the Cambrian explosion.”

Page 52: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

The geologic timescale 地质年代 is marked by significant geologic and biological events, including 大背景:时期的划分

the origin of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago, the origin of life about 3.5 billion years ago, the origin of eukaryotic 真核生物的 life-forms (living things that have c

ells with true nuclei) about 1.5 billion years ago, and the origin of animals about 0.6 billion years ago.

The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian period. 引出背景下的主题

Animals originated relatively late in the history of Earth – in only the last 10 percent of Earth’s history. (when)

During a geologically brief 100-million-year period, all modern animal groups (along with other animals that are now extinct) evolved. (what)

This rapid origin and diversification 多样化 of animals is often referred to as “the Cambrian explosion.”

Page 53: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

The geologic timescale 地质年代 is marked by significant geologic and biological events, including 大背景:时期的划分

the origin of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago, the origin of life about 3.5 billion years ago, the origin of eukaryotic 真核生物的 life-forms (living things that have ce

lls with true nuclei) about 1.5 billion years ago, and the origin of animals about 0.6 billion years ago.

The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian period. 引出背景下的主题

Animals originated relatively late in the history of Earth – in only the last 10 percent of Earth’s history. (when)

During a geologically brief 100-million-year period, all modern animal groups (along with other animals that are now extinct) evolved. What (what)

This rapid origin and diversification 多样化 of animals is often referred to as “the Cambrian explosion.” 归纳、强化主题

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The geologic timescale is marked by significant events,

The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian period.

The last event, Cambrian explosion, is rapid origin and diversification 多样化of animals

Page 55: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

The geologic timescale is marked by significant events,

The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian period.

The last event, Cambrian explosion, is rapid origin and diversification 多样化of animals

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The geologic timescale is marked by significant events,

The last event Cambrian explosion is rapid origin and diversification of animals

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Cambrian explosion: rapid origin and diversification of

animals

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4Cambrian explosion7

32

6 5

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Paragraph Two

Cambrian Explosion

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Cambrian explosion

Topic?

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Scientists have asked important questions about this explosion for more than a century. Why did it occur so late in the history of Earth? The origin of multicellular 多细胞的 forms of life seems a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself. Why does the fossil record not document the series of evolutionary changes during the evolution of animals? Why did animal life evolve so quickly? Paleontologists 古生物学者 continue to search the fossil record for answers to these questions.

Vocabulary learning

Page 62: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Scientists have asked important questions about this explosion for more than a century.

Why did it occur so late in the history of Earth? The origin of multicellular 多细胞的 forms of life see

ms a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself.

Why does the fossil record not document the series of evolutionary changes during the evolution of animals?

Why did animal life evolve so quickly? Paleontologists 古生物学者 continue to search the fo

ssil record for answers to these questions.

Page 63: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Scientists have asked important questions about this explosion for more than a century.

Why did it occur so late in the history of Earth? The origin of multicellular 多细胞的 forms of life see

ms a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself.

Why does the fossil record not document the series of evolutionary changes during the evolution of animals?

Why did animal life evolve so quickly? Paleontologists 古生物学者 continue to search the fo

ssil record for answers to these questions.

Page 64: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Scientists have asked important questions about this explosion for more than a century.

Why did it occur so late in the history of Earth? The origin of multicellular 多细胞的 forms of life s

eems a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself.

Why does the fossil record not document the series of evolutionary changes during the evolution of animals?

Why did animal life evolve so quickly? Paleontologists 古生物学者 continue to search the fo

ssil record for answers to these questions.

Page 65: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Scientists have asked important questions about this explosion for more than a century.

Why did it occur so late in the history of Earth? (表示不解,并提出不解的依据) The origin of multicellular 多细胞的 forms of life s

eems a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself.

Why does the fossil record not document the series of evolutionary changes during the evolution of animals?

Why did animal life evolve so quickly? Paleontologists 古生物学者 continue to search the fo

ssil record for answers to these questions.

Page 66: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Scientists have asked important questions about this explosion for more than a century.

Why did it occur so late in the history of Earth? (表示不解,并提出不解的依据) The origin of multicellular 多细胞的 forms of life s

eems a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself.

Why does the fossil record not document the series of evolutionary changes during the evolution of animals?

Why did animal life evolve so quickly? Paleontologists 古生物学者 continue to search the fo

ssil record for answers to these questions.

Page 67: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Scientists have asked important questions about this explosion for more than a century.

Why did it occur so late in the history of Earth? (表示不解) The origin of multicellular 多细胞的 forms of life s

eems a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself. (并提出不解的依据)

Why does the fossil record not document the series of evolutionary changes during the evolution of animals?

Why did animal life evolve so quickly? Paleontologists 古生物学者 continue to search the fo

ssil record for answers to these questions.

Page 68: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Scientists have asked important questions about this explosion for more than a century. Why did it occur so late in the history of Earth? The origin of multicellular 多细胞的 forms of life seems a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself. Why does the fossil record not document the series of evolutionary changes during the evolution of animals? Why did animal life evolve so quickly? Paleontologists 古生物学者 continue to search the fossil record for answers to these questions. (cohesive device) 预测下段

Page 69: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Scientists have asked important questions about this explosion for more than a century. Why did it occur so late in the history of Earth? The origin of multicellular 多细胞的 forms of life seems a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself. Why does the fossil record not document the series of evolutionary changes during the evolution of animals? Why did animal life evolve so quickly? Paleontologists 古生物学者 continue to search the fossil record for answers to these questions. 承上启下 预测下段

Page 70: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Scientists have asked important questions about this explosion for more than a century.

Why did it occur so late in the history of Earth? The origin of multicellular forms of life seems a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself.

Why does the fossil record not document the series of evolutionary changes during the evolution of animals?

Why did animal life evolve so quickly? Paleontologists 古生物学者 continue to search the fos

sil record for answers to these questions.

Page 71: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Scientists have asked important questions about this explosion for more than a century. Why did it occur so late in the history of Earth? The origin of multicellular forms of life seems a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself. Why does the fossil record not document the series of evolutionary changes during the evolution of animals? Why did animal life evolve so quickly? Paleontologists 古生物学者 continue to search the fossil record for answers to these questions.

Page 72: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Scientists have asked important questions about this explosion for more than a century. Why did it occur so late in the history of Earth? The origin of multicellular forms of life seems a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself. Why does the fossil record not document the series of evolutionary changes during the evolution of animals? Why did animal life evolve so quickly? Paleontologists 古生物学者 continue to search the fossil record for answers to these questions.

Page 73: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Scientists have asked important questions about this explosion for more than a century. Why did it occur so late in the history of Earth? The origin of multicellular forms of life seems a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself. Why does the fossil record not document the series of evolutionary changes during the evolution of animals? Why did animal life evolve so quickly? Paleontologists 古生物学者 continue to search the fossil record for answers to these questions.

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Scientist have questions and search for answers

To summarize…

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Questions & search for answers

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Cambrian explosion

Questions & search for answers

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Cambrian explosion

Topic?Questions & search for answers

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Paragraph Three

Cambrian Explosion

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One interpretation 解释 regarding the absence of fossils during this important 100-million-year period is that early animals were soft bodied and simply did not fossilize 成化石 . Fossilization of soft-bodied animals is less likely than fossilization of hard-bodied animals, but it does occur. Conditions that promote fossilization of soft-bodied animals include very rapid covering by sediments 沉积体 that create an environment that discourages decomposition 腐烂 . In fact, fossil beds containing soft-bodied animals have been known for many years.

Vocabulary learning

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One interpretation 解释 regarding the absence of fossils during this important 100-million-year period is that early animals were soft bodied and simply did not fossilize 成化石 .

Fossilization of soft-bodied animals is less likely than fossilization of hard-bodied animals, but it does occur.

Conditions that promote fossilization of soft-bodied animals include very rapid covering by sediments 沉积体 that create an environment that discourages decomposition 腐烂 .

In fact, fossil beds containing soft-bodied animals have been known for many years.

Page 81: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

One interpretation 解释 regarding the absence of fossils during this important 100-million-year period is that early animals were soft bodied and simply did not fossilize 成化石 .

Fossilization of soft-bodied animals is less likely than fossilization of hard-bodied animals, but it does occur.

Conditions that promote fossilization of soft-bodied animals include very rapid covering by sediments 沉积体 that create an environment that discourages decomposition 腐烂 .

In fact, fossil beds containing soft-bodied animals have been known for many years.

Page 82: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

One interpretation 解释 regarding the absence of fossils during this important 100-million-year period is that early animals were soft bodied and simply did not fossilize.

Fossilization of soft-bodied animals is less likely than fossilization of hard-bodied animals, but it does occur.

Conditions that promote fossilization of soft-bodied animals include very rapid covering by sediments 沉积体 that create an environment that discourages decomposition 腐烂 .

In fact, fossil beds containing soft-bodied animals have been known for many years.

Page 83: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

One interpretation 解释 regarding the absence of fossils during this important 100-million-year period is that early animals were soft bodied and simply did not fossilize 化石化 .

Fossilization of soft-bodied animals is less likely than fossilization of hard-bodied animals,

but it does occur. Conditions that promote fossilization of soft-bodied animals include very rapid covering by sediments 沉积体 that create an environment that discourages decomposition 腐烂 .

In fact, fossil beds containing soft-bodied animals have been known for many years.

Page 84: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

One interpretation 解释 regarding the absence of fossils during this important 100-million-year period is that early animals were soft bodied and simply did not fossilize 化石化 .

Fossilization of soft-bodied animals is less likely than fossilization of hard-bodied animals,

but it does occur. Conditions that promote fossilization of soft-bodied animals include very rapid covering by sediments 沉积体 that create an environment that discourages decomposition 腐烂 .

In fact, fossil beds containing soft-bodied animals have been known for many years.

Page 85: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

One interpretation 解释 regarding the absence of fossils during this important 100-million-year period is that early animals were soft bodied and simply did not fossilize 化石化 .

Fossilization of soft-bodied animals is less likely than fossilization of hard-bodied animals,

but it does occur. Conditions that promote fossilization of soft-bodied animals include very rapid covering by sediments 沉积体 that create an environment that discourages decomposition. 腐烂

In fact, fossil beds containing soft-bodied animals have been known for many years.

Page 86: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

One interpretation 解释 regarding the absence of fossils during this important 100-million-year period is that early animals were soft bodied and simply did not fossilize 化石化 . Fossilization of soft-bodied animals is less likel

y than fossilization of hard-bodied animals, but it does occur. Conditions that promote fossili

zation of soft-bodied animals include very rapid covering by sediments 沉积体 that create an environment that discourages decomposition 腐烂 .

In fact, fossil beds containing soft-bodied animals have been known for many years.

Page 87: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

One interpretation 解释 regarding the absence of fossils during this important 100-million-year period is that early animals were soft bodied and simply did not fossilize.

Fossilization of soft-bodied animals is less likely than fossilization of hard-bodied animals,

but it does occur. Conditions that promote fossilization of soft-bodied animals include very rapid covering by sediments that create an environment that discourages decomposition 腐烂 .

In fact, fossil beds containing soft-bodied animals have been known for many years.

Page 88: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

One interpretation 解释 regarding the absence of fossils during this important 100-million-year period is that early animals were soft bodied and simply did not fossilize.

Fossilization of soft-bodied animals is less likely than fossilization of hard-bodied animals,

but it does occur. Conditions that promote fossilization of soft-bodied animals include very rapid covering by sediments that create an environment that discourages decomposition 腐烂 .

In fact, fossil beds containing soft-bodied animals have been known for many years.

Page 89: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

In fact, fossil beds containing soft-bodied animals have been known for many years.

Page 90: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Fossil beds containing

soft-bodied animals

Page 91: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Soft-bodied animals were

fossilized

Page 92: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Cambrian explosion

Soft-bodied animals

were fossilized

Questions & search for answers

Page 93: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Topic?Cambrian explosion

Soft-bodied animals

were fossilized

Questions & search for answers

Page 94: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Paragraph Four

Cambrian Explosion

Page 95: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

The Ediacara 埃迪卡拉 fossil formation, which contains the oldest known animal fossils, consists exclusively 只有 of soft-bodied forms. Although named after a site in Australia, the Ediacara formation 动物群 is worldwide in distribution 分布 and dates to PreCambrian times. This 700-million-year-old formation gives few clues to the origins of modern animals, however, because paleontologists 古生物学者 believe it represents an evolutionary experiment that failed. It contains no ancestors of modern animal groups.

Vocabulary learning

Page 96: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

The Ediacara 埃迪卡拉 fossil formation, which contains the oldest known animal fossils, consists exclusively 只有 of soft-bodied forms.

Although named after a site in Australia, the Ediacara formation 动物群 is worldwide in distribution 分

布 and dates to PreCambrian times. This 700-million-year-old formation gives few clu

es to the origins of modern animals, however, because paleontologists 古生物学者 believe it represents an evolutionary experiment that failed.

It contains no ancestors of modern animal groups.

Page 97: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

The Ediacara 埃迪卡拉 fossil formation, which contains the oldest known animal fossils, consists exclusively of soft-bodied forms.

Although named after a site in Australia, the Ediacara formation is worldwide in distribution and dates to PreCambrian times.

However, this 700-million-year-old formation gives few clues to the origins of modern animals, because paleontologists 古生物学者 believe it represents an evolutionary experiment that failed.

It contains no ancestors of modern animal groups.

Page 98: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

The Ediacara 埃迪卡拉 fossil formation, which contains the oldest known animal fossils, consists exclusively of soft-bodied forms.

Although named after a site in Australia, the Ediacara formation is worldwide in distribution and dates to PreCambrian times.

However, this 700-million-year-old formation gives few clues to the origins of modern animals, because paleontologists 古生物学者 believe it represents an evolutionary experiment that failed.

It contains no ancestors of modern animal groups.

Page 99: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

The Ediacara 埃迪卡拉 fossil formation, which contains the oldest known animal fossils, consists exclusively of soft-bodied forms.

Although named after a site in Australia, the Ediacara formation is worldwide in distribution and dates to PreCambrian times.

However, this 700-million-year-old formation gives few clues to the origins of modern animals, because paleontologists 古生物学者 believe it represents an evolutionary experiment that failed.

It contains no ancestors of modern animal groups.

Page 100: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

The Ediacara has no ancestors of modern

animals.

Page 101: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Ediacara’s weren’t

ancestors ofmodern animals

Page 102: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Ediacara’s weren’t

ancestors ofmodern animals

Cambrian explosion

Soft-bodied animals

were fossilized

Questions & search for answers

Topic?

Page 103: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Paragraph Five

Cambrian Explosion

Page 104: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

A slightly younger fossil formation containing animal remains 遗骸 is the Tommotian formation, named after a locale 地点 in Russia. It dates to the very early Cambrian period, and it also contains only soft-bodied forms. At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned 划分 to various modern animal groups, but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants 后代 in modern animal groups.

Vocabulary learning

Page 105: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

A slightly younger fossil formation containing animal remains 遗骸 is the Tommotian formation, named after a locale 地点 in Russia.

It dates to the very early Cambrian period, and it also contains only soft-bodied forms.

At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned 划分 to various modern animal groups, but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants 后代 in modern animal groups.

Page 106: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

A slightly younger fossil formation containing animal remains 遗骸 is the Tommotian formation, named after a locale 地点 in Russia.

It dates to the very early Cambrian period, and it also contains only soft-bodied forms.

At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned to various modern animal groups,

but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants 后

代 in modern animal groups.

Page 107: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

A slightly younger fossil formation containing animal remains 遗骸 is the Tommotian formation, named after a locale 地点 in Russia.

It dates to the very early Cambrian period, and it also contains only soft-bodied forms.

At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned 划分 to various modern animal groups, but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants 后代 in modern animal groups.

Page 108: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

A slightly younger fossil formation containing animal remains 遗骸 is the Tommotian formation, named after a locale 地点 in Russia.

It dates to the very early Cambrian period, and it also contains only soft-bodied forms.

At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned 划分 to various modern animal groups, but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants 后代 in modern animal groups.

Page 109: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

A slightly younger fossil formation containing animal remains 遗骸 is the Tommotian formation, named after a locale 地点 in Russia.

It dates to the very early Cambrian period, and it also contains only soft-bodied forms.

At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned 划分 to various modern animal groups, but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants 后代 in modern animal groups.

Page 110: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

A slightly younger fossil formation containing animal remains 遗骸 is the Tommotian formation, named after a locale 地点 in Russia.

It dates to the very early Cambrian period, and it also contains only soft-bodied forms.

At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned 划分 to various modern animal groups, but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants 后代 in modern animal groups.

Page 111: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

A slightly younger fossil formation containing animal remains 遗骸 is the Tommotian formation, named after a locale 地点 in Russia.

It dates to the very early Cambrian period, and it also contains only soft-bodied forms.

At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned 归属 to various modern animal groups,

but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants 后

代 in modern animal groups.

Page 112: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

A slightly younger fossil formation containing animal remains 遗骸 is the Tommotian formation, named after a locale 地点 in Russia.

It dates to the very early Cambrian period, and it also contains only soft-bodied forms.

At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned 归属 to various modern animal groups,

but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants 后代 in modern animal groups.

Page 113: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

A slightly younger fossil formation containing animal remains is the Tommotian formation, named after a locale 地点 in Russia.

It dates to the very early Cambrian period, and it also contains only soft-bodied forms.

At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned 归属 to various modern animal groups,

but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants 后代 in modern animal groups.

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Tommotian leaves no descendants in modern

animal groups.

Page 115: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Tommotian leaves no descendants

in modern animals.

Page 116: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Tommotian leaves no

modern animals

descendants

Page 117: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Ediacara’s weren’t

ancestors ofmodern animals

Cambrian explosion

Soft-bodied animals

were fossilized

Questions & search for answers

Tommotian leaves no

modern animals

descendants

Page 118: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Ediacara’s weren’t

modern animal ancestors

Cambrian explosion

Soft-bodied animals

were fossilized

Questions & search for answers

Topic?

Tommotian leaves no

modern animals

descendants

Page 119: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Paragraph Six

Cambrian Explosion

Page 120: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Ediacara’s weren’t

modern animal ancestors

Cambrian explosion

Soft-bodied animals

were fossilized

Questions & search for answers

Topic?

Tommotian leaves no

modern animals

descendants

Page 121: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

A third fossil formation containing both soft-bodied and hard-bodied animals provides evidence of the result of the Cambrian explosion. This fossil formation, called the Burgess Shale, 泥板岩 is in Yoho National Park in the Canadian Rocky Mountains of British Columbia. Shortly after the Cambrian explosion, mud slides rapidly buried thousands of marine 海洋的 animals under conditions that favored fossilization. These fossil beds provide evidence of about 32 modern animal groups, plus about 20 other animal body forms that are so different from any modern animals that they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups. These unassignable 无法划分的 animals include a large swimming predator 掠食者 called Anomalocaris 奇虾 and a soft-bodied animal called Wiwaxia, which ate detritus 碎屑 of algae. 海藻 The Burgess Shale formation also has fossils of many extinct 灭绝 representatives of modern animal groups. For example, a well-known Burgess Shale animal called Sidneyia is a representative of a previously unknown group of arthropods 节肢动物 (a category of animals that includes insects, spiders, mites 螨虫 , and crabs).

Vocabulary learning

Page 122: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

A third fossil formation containing both soft-bodied and hard-bodied animals provides evidence of the result of the Cambrian explosion.

This fossil formation, called the Burgess Shale 泥板岩 , is in Yoho National Park in the Canadian Rocky Mountains of British Columbia.

Shortly after the Cambrian explosion, mud slides rapidly buried thousands of marine 海洋的 animals under conditions that favored fossilization.

These fossil beds provide evidence of about 32 modern animal groups, plus about 20 other animal body forms that are so different from any modern animals that they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups.

These unassignable 无法划分的 animals include a large swimming predator 掠食者 called Anomalocaris 奇虾 and a soft-bodied animal called Wiwaxia, which ate detritus of algae. 海藻

The Burgess Shale formation also has fossils of many extinct representatives of modern animal groups.

For example, a well-known Burgess Shale animal called Sidneyia is a representative of a previously unknown group of arthropods 节肢动物(a category 类属 of animals that includes insects, spiders, mites, and crabs).

Page 123: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

A third fossil formation containing both soft-bodied and hard-bodied animals provides evidence of the result of the Cambrian explosion.

This fossil formation, called the Burgess Shale 泥板岩 , is in Yoho National Park in the Canadian Rocky Mountains of British Columbia. (where)

Shortly after the Cambrian explosion, mud slides rapidly buried thousands of marine 海洋的 animals under conditions that favored fossilization.

These fossil beds provide evidence of about 32 modern animal groups, plus about 20 other animal body forms that are so different from any modern animals that they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups.

These unassignable 无法划分的 animals include a large swimming predator 掠食者 called Anomalocaris 奇虾 and a soft-bodied animal called Wiwaxia, which ate detritus of algae. 海藻碎屑

The Burgess Shale formation also has fossils of many extinct 灭绝 representatives of modern animal groups.

For example, a well-known Burgess Shale animal called Sidneyia is a representative of a previously unknown group of arthropods 节肢动物 (a category 类属 of animals that includes insects, spiders, mites, and crabs).

Page 124: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

A third fossil formation containing both soft-bodied and hard-bodied animals provides evidence of the result of the Cambrian explosion.

This fossil formation, called the Burgess Shale 泥板岩 , is in Yoho National Park in the Canadian Rocky Mountains of British Columbia. (where)

Shortly after the Cambrian explosion, mud slides rapidly buried thousands of marine 海洋的 animals under conditions that favored fossilization. (when + what)

These fossil beds provide evidence of about 32 modern animal groups, plus about 20 other animal body forms that are so different from any modern animals that they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups.

These unassignable 无法划分的 animals include a large swimming predator 掠食者 called Anomalocaris 奇虾 and a soft-bodied animal called Wiwaxia, which ate detritus of algae. 海藻碎屑

The Burgess Shale formation also has fossils of many extinct 灭绝 representatives of modern animal groups.

For example, a well-known Burgess Shale animal called Sidneyia is a representative of a previously unknown group of arthropods 节肢动物 (a category 类属 of animals that includes insects, spiders, mites, and crabs).

Page 125: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

A third fossil formation containing both soft-bodied and hard-bodied animals provides evidence of the result of the Cambrian explosion.

This fossil formation, called the Burgess Shale 泥板岩 , is in Yoho National Park in the Canadian Rocky Mountains of British Columbia.

Shortly after the Cambrian explosion, mud slides rapidly buried thousands of marine animals under conditions that favored fossilization.

These fossil beds provide evidence of about 32 modern animal groups, plus about 20 other animal body forms that are so different from any modern animals that they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups. (result) These unassignable 无法划分的 animals include a large swimming pr

edator 掠食者 called Anomalocaris 奇虾 and a soft-bodied animal called Wiwaxia, which ate detritus of algae. 海藻

The Burgess Shale 泥板岩 formation also has fossils of many extinct 灭绝 representatives of modern animal groups.

For example, a well-known Burgess Shale animal called Sidneyia is a representative of a previously unknown group of arthropods 节肢动物 (a category 类属 of animals that includes insects, spiders, mites, and crabs).

Page 126: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

A third fossil formation containing both soft-bodied and hard-bodied animals provides evidence of the result of the Cambrian explosion.

This fossil formation, called the Burgess Shale, is in Yoho National Park in the Canadian Rocky Mountains of British Columbia.

Shortly after the Cambrian explosion, mud slides rapidly buried thousands of marine animals under conditions that favored fossilization.

These fossil beds provide evidence of about 32 modern animal groups, plus about 20 other animal body forms that are so different from any modern animals that they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups. These unassignable 无法划分的 animals include a large swimming pr

edator 掠食者 called Anomalocaris 奇虾 and a soft-bodied animal called Wiwaxia, which ate detritus of algae. 海藻

The Burgess Shale formation also has fossils of many extinct representatives of modern animal groups. For example, a well-known Burgess Shale animal called Sidneyia is a r

epresentative of a previously unknown group of arthropods 节肢动物 (a category 类属 of animals that includes insects, spiders, mites, and crabs).

Page 127: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

A third fossil formation containing both soft-bodied and hard-bodied animals provides evidence of the result of the Cambrian explosion.

This fossil formation, called the Burgess Shale, is in Yoho National Park in the Canadian Rocky Mountains of British Columbia.

Shortly after the Cambrian explosion, mud slides rapidly buried thousands of marine animals under conditions that favored fossilization.

These fossil beds provide evidence of about 32 modern animal groups, plus about 20 other animal body forms that are so different from any modern animals that they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups. These unassignable 无法划分的 animals include a large swimming pr

edator 掠食者 called Anomalocaris 奇虾 and a soft-bodied animal called Wiwaxia, which ate detritus of algae. 海藻

The Burgess Shale formation also has fossils of many extinct 灭绝 representatives of modern animal groups. For example, a well-known Burgess Shale animal called Sidneyia

is a representative of a previously unknown group of arthropods节肢动物 (a category 类属 of animals that includes insects, spiders, mites, and crabs).

Page 128: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

A third fossil formation containing both soft-bodied and hard-bodied animals provides evidence of the result of the Cambrian explosion.

This fossil formation, called the Burgess Shale, is in Yoho National Park in the Canadian Rocky Mountains of British Columbia.

Shortly after the Cambrian explosion, mud slides rapidly buried thousands of marine animals under conditions that favored fossilization.

These fossil beds provide evidence of about 32 modern animal groups, plus about 20 other animal body forms that are so different from any modern animals that they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups. These unassignable 无法划分的 animals include a large swimming pr

edator 掠食者 called Anomalocaris 奇虾 and a soft-bodied animal called Wiwaxia, which ate detritus of algae. 海藻 举例说明

The Burgess Shale formation also has fossils of many extinct 灭绝 representatives of modern animal groups. For example, a well-known Burgess Shale animal called Sidneyia

is a representative of a previously unknown group of arthropods节肢动物 (a category 类属 of animals that includes insects, spiders, mites, and crabs).

Page 129: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

A third fossil formation containing both soft-bodied and hard-bodied animals provides evidence of the result of the Cambrian explosion.

This fossil formation, called the Burgess Shale, is in Yoho National Park in the Canadian Rocky Mountains of British Columbia.

Shortly after the Cambrian explosion, mud slides rapidly buried thousands of marine animals under conditions that favored fossilization.

These fossil beds provide evidence of about 32 modern animal groups, plus about 20 other animal body forms that are so different from any modern animals that they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups. These unassignable 无法划分的 animals include a large swimming pr

edator 掠食者 called Anomalocaris 奇虾 and a soft-bodied animal called Wiwaxia, which ate detritus of algae. 海藻举例说明

The Burgess Shale formation also has fossils of many extinct 灭绝 representatives of modern animal groups. For example, a well-known Burgess Shale animal called Sidneyia

is a representative of a previously unknown group of arthropods节肢动物 (a category 类属 of animals that includes insects, spiders, mites, and crabs).

Page 130: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

A third fossil formation containing both soft-bodied and hard-bodied animals provides evidence of the result of the Cambrian explosion.

This fossil formation, called the Burgess Shale, is in Yoho National Park in the Canadian Rocky Mountains of British Columbia.

Shortly after the Cambrian explosion, mud slides rapidly buried thousands of marine animals under conditions that favored fossilization.

These fossil beds provide evidence of about 32 modern animal groups, plus about 20 other animal body forms that are so different from any modern animals that they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups. These unassignable 无法划分的 animals include a large swimming pr

edator 掠食者 called Anomalocaris 奇虾 and a soft-bodied animal called Wiwaxia, which ate detritus of algae. 海藻举例说明

The Burgess Shale formation also has fossils of many extinct 灭绝 representatives of modern animal groups. For example, a well-known Burgess Shale animal called Sidneyia

is a representative of a previously unknown group of arthropods节肢动物 (a category 类属 of animals that includes insects, spiders, mites, and crabs). 举例说明

Page 131: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Burgess Shale has modern animals,

some are extinct or unassignable 灭绝

Page 132: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Burgess Shale has modern

animals, some are

unassignable or extinct

Page 133: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Ediacara’s weren’t

modern animal ancestors

Cambrian explosion

Topic?

Soft-bodied animals

were fossilized

Questions & search for answers

Burgess Shale has modern

animals, some unassignable

or extinct

Tommotian leaves no

modern animals

descendants

Page 134: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Paragraph Seven

Cambrian Explosion

Page 135: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Fossil formations like the Burgess Shale 伯尼斯泥板岩 show that evolution cannot always be thought of as a slow progression 进程 .The Cambrian explosion involved rapid evolutionary diversification, followed by the extinction of many unique 唯一的 animals. Why was this evolution so rapid? No one really knows. Many zoologists believe that it was because so many ecological niches 小生

态区 were available with virtually no competition from existing species. Will zoologists ever know the evolutionary sequences 顺序 in the Cambrian explosion? Perhaps another ancient fossil bed of soft-bodied animals from 600-million-year-old seas is awaiting discovery.

Vocabulary learning

Page 136: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Fossil formations like the Burgess Shale 伯尼斯泥板岩 show that evolution cannot always be thought of as a slow progression 进程 .

The Cambrian explosion involved rapid evolutionary diversification, followed by the extinction of many unique 唯一的 animals.

Why was this evolution so rapid? No one really knows. Many zoologists believe that it was because so many ec

ological niches 小生态区 were available with virtually no competition from existing species.

Will zoologists ever know the evolutionary sequences 顺序 in the Cambrian explosion?

Perhaps another ancient fossil bed of soft-bodied animals from 600-million-year-old seas is awaiting discovery.

Page 137: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Fossil formations like the Burgess Shale 伯尼斯泥板岩 show that evolution cannot always be thought of as a slow progression 进程 .

The Cambrian explosion involved rapid evolutionary diversification, followed by the extinction of many unique唯一的 animals.

Why was this evolution so rapid? No one really knows. Many zoologists believe that it was because so man

y ecological niches 小生态区 were available with virtually no competition from existing species.

Will zoologists ever know the evolutionary sequences顺序 in the Cambrian explosion?

Perhaps another ancient fossil bed of soft-bodied animals from 600-million-year-old seas is awaiting discovery.

Page 138: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Fossil formations like the Burgess Shale show that evolution cannot always be thought of as a slow progression 进程 .

The Cambrian explosion involved rapid evolutionary diversification, followed by the extinction of many unique唯一的 animals.

Why was this evolution so rapid? No one really knows. Many zoologists believe that it was because so man

y ecological niches 小生态区 were available with virtually no competition from existing species.

Will zoologists ever know the evolutionary sequences顺序 in the Cambrian explosion?

Perhaps another ancient fossil bed of soft-bodied animals from 600-million-year-old seas is awaiting discovery.

Page 139: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Fossil formations like the Burgess Shale show that evolution cannot always be thought of as a slow progression 进程 .

The Cambrian explosion involved rapid evolutionary diversification, followed by the extinction of many unique 唯一的 animals.

Why was this evolution so rapid? No one really knows.

Many zoologists believe that it was because so many ecological niches 小生态区 were available with virtually no competition from existing species.

Will zoologists ever know the evolutionary sequences顺序 in the Cambrian explosion?

Perhaps another ancient fossil bed of soft-bodied animals from 600-million-year-old seas is awaiting discovery.

Page 140: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Fossil formations like the Burgess Shale show that evolution cannot always be thought of as a slow progression 进程 .

The Cambrian explosion involved rapid evolutionary diversification, followed by the extinction of many unique 唯一的 animals.

Why was this evolution so rapid? No one really knows.

Many zoologists believe that it was because so many ecological niches 小生态区 were available with virtually no competition from existing species.

Will zoologists ever know the evolutionary sequences顺序 in the Cambrian explosion?

Perhaps another ancient fossil bed of soft-bodied animals from 600-million-year-old seas is awaiting discovery.

Page 141: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Evolution isn’t always slow due to certain environment.

Page 142: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Evolution isn’t always slow due to

certainenvironment

Page 143: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Ediacara’s weren’t

modern animal ancestors

Cambrian explosion

Evolution isn’t always slow due to

certainenvironment.

Soft-bodied animals

were fossilized

Questions & search for answers

Burgess Shale has modern

animals, some unassignable

or extinct

Tommotian leaves no

modern animals

descendants

Page 144: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Ediacara’s weren’t

modern animal ancestors

Cambrian explosion: rapid origin and diversification

of animals

Evolution isn’t always slow due to

certainenvironment.

Soft-bodied animals

were fossilized

Questions & search for answers

Burgess Shale has modern

animals, some unassignable

or extinct

Tommotian leaves no

modern animals

descendants

Page 145: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Burgess Shale has modern

animals, someunassignable

or extinct

Tommotian leaves no

modern animals

descendants

Ediacara’s weren’t

modern animal ancestors

Cambrian explosion:

rapid origin and diversification

of animals

Questions & search for

answers

Evolution isn’t always slow due to environment

Softbodied animals

were fossilized

Page 146: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Burgess Shale has modern

animals, someunassignable

or extinct

Tommotian leaves no

modern animals

descendants

Ediacara’s weren’t

modern animal ancestors

Cambrian explosion:

rapid origin and diversification

of animals

Questions & search for

answers

Evolution isn’t always slow due to environment

Softbodied animals

were fossilized

Page 147: Teaching advanced reading skills storymap 0402

Ediacara’s weren’t

modern animal ancestors

Cambrian explosion: rapid origin and diversification

of animals

Evolution isn’t always slow due to

certainenvironment.

Soft-bodied animals

were fossilized

Questions & search for answers

Burgess Shale has modern

animals, someunassignable

or extinct

Tommotian

leaves no modern animals

descendants

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Active comprehension strategies

Inferring

PredictingQuestioning

the text

Making connections •Text-to-text•Text-to-self

Finding important

information

Visualizing

Summarizing

Monitoring comprehension

Reading skills at work

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The Cambrian Explosion

Vocabulary

Learning

Victor GAO

Zhejiang International Studies University

3 April 2011

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Cambrian Explosion

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地球地质史

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Geologic time scale 地球地质史

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Cambrian explosion 寒武纪大爆发

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eukaryotic 真核生物

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eukaryotic

eukaryotic 真核生物

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eukaryotic

eukaryotic 真核生物

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multicellular 多细胞的 forms of life

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Sedimentary rocks 沉积岩

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Diversification of animals动物的多样化(进化)

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Fossil of fish 鱼化石

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Soft-bodied fossil 软体动物化石

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Soft-bodied fossil 软体动物化石

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Cambrian Explosion 寒武纪大爆发

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寒武纪三叶虫 trilobite

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Detritus 碎屑 of algae 海藻

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Detritus 碎屑 of algae 海藻

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Detritus 碎屑 of algae 海藻

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Diversification of animals

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Cambrian Explosion物种多样化的迅猛进化

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Cambrian Explosion物种多样化的迅猛进化

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Cambrian Explosion物种多样性的迅速进化

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Anomalocaris 奇虾

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Anomalocaris 奇虾

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Predator Anomalocaris

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Predator Anomalocaris

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Predator Anomalocaris

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Predator Anomalocaris

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Predator Anomalocaris掠食者 奇虾

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Wiwaxia 威瓦虾虫

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Wiwaxia 威瓦虾虫

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Wiwaxia fossil 威瓦虾虫化石

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落基山寒武纪生物化石群

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落基山寒武纪生物化石群

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Cambrian Explosion 寒武纪大爆发

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Ediacara fossil formation 埃迪卡拉化石群

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Ediacara fossil formation 埃迪卡拉化石群

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Ediacara fossil formation 埃迪卡拉化石群

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Fossil of fish 鱼化石

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Origin of Eden

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庖丁解牛

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庖丁解牛 游刃有余

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庖丁解牛 游刃有余

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庖丁解牛 游刃有余

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Not only we see the ox

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But its skeleton

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Ediacara’s weren’t

modern animal ancestors

Cambrian explosion: rapid origin and diversification

of animals

Evolution isn’t always slow due to

certainenvironment.

Soft-bodied animals

were fossilized

Questions & search for answers

Burgess Shale

has modern animals, some

are extinct

Tommotian

leaves no modern animals

descendants

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Burgess Shale has modern

animals, someare extinct

Tommotian leaves no

modern animals

descendants

Ediacara’s weren’t

modern animal ancestors

Cambrian explosion:

rapid origin and diversification

of animals

Questions & search for

answers

Evolution isn’t always slow due to environment

Softbodied animals

were fossilized