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Technological and Pedagogical Issues Surrounding Mass Production of Multimedia Learning Content Presented by: Christopher Peat & Dilip Patel The Centre for Information Management and E-Business London South Bank University

Technological and pedagogical issues surrounding mass production of elearning

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Page 1: Technological and pedagogical issues surrounding mass production of elearning

Technological and Pedagogical Issues Surrounding Mass Production of Multimedia Learning Content

Presented by: Christopher Peat & Dilip PatelThe Centre for Information Management and E-Business London South Bank University

Page 2: Technological and pedagogical issues surrounding mass production of elearning

2 Introduction

Cultural, Pedagogical and Technical Challenges

Adhere to educational principles

Conform to technology standards

Case Study:

Delivers learning content to diverse group of learners

Low production costs

Affordable, accessible, durable and re-usable Learning Objects

Page 3: Technological and pedagogical issues surrounding mass production of elearning

3 Standards Initiative

Many standards available

Advanced Distributed Learning

IEEE Learning Technology Standards Committee

IMS Global Learning Consortium

Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) – 1998

Technical architecture for Learning Objects

Cross Platform

Mass produced Learning Objects should conform to standards

Page 4: Technological and pedagogical issues surrounding mass production of elearning

4 Learning Object Challenges

Affordability

Production and User based

Accessibility

Web based accessibility

Durability

Forward compatibility

Re-usability

Metadata and compatible systems

Interoperability

LMS independent

Page 5: Technological and pedagogical issues surrounding mass production of elearning

5 Embedding Learning Objects

Conform to metadata standards

Library catalogue approach

Centralized repository

Accessible via Moodle

Open Source

Course Management System

Pedagogical Principles

Page 6: Technological and pedagogical issues surrounding mass production of elearning

6 Learning Styles

Process orientated teaching and Learning

Capture Interactions

Supports student learning

Teachers can reflect upon delivery

Identify:

Stakeholders

Learning Objects

Learning Scenarios

Conversational Framework

Teacher’s Conceptual Knowledge

Student’s Experimental Knowledge

Teacher’s Constructed World

Student’s Experiential Knowledge

Interaction

Discussion

Adaption of world

Reflection on student

performance

Adaptation of actions

Reflection on

interaction

Page 7: Technological and pedagogical issues surrounding mass production of elearning

7 Stakeholders

Academics

Learning Technologists

Management

Activities

Exploit Existing Technology

Creating New Objects

Re-using Objects

Managing Repositories

Learning Technologists

ManagementAcademics

Interchangingroles

Overlapping responsibilities

Page 8: Technological and pedagogical issues surrounding mass production of elearning

8 Granularity

Self contained objects

Learning material

Delivers learning outcomes

Reusable objects

Natural breaks define granularity

Summary sections

Seg

men

t A

(L

ect

ure

)

Segment B1

(sub-section) Summary C1b

Summary C1c

Summary C2c

Summary C2a

Summary C3b

Segment B2

(sub-section)

Segment B3

(sub-section)

Summary C1a

Page 9: Technological and pedagogical issues surrounding mass production of elearning

9 Research Approach

Case study focusing on action research: Formal and informal decisions

Synchronous and Asynchronous collaborative tools

Face to face dialogue

Observations

Interviews

Developed using rapid prototyping Verify user requirements

Verify feasibility

Subsequent changes incorporated continually

Ensures material meets pedagogical criteria

Page 10: Technological and pedagogical issues surrounding mass production of elearning

10 Case Study

Project Background

Produced in association with UK based educational charity

Aims to advance knowledge of nutrition

The project is part of KTP, funded by the Technology Strategy Board along with the other government funding organisations.

Page 11: Technological and pedagogical issues surrounding mass production of elearning

11 Educational Design

Pedagogical standard of classroom learning achieved

Key elements identified

Each element digitised

Met Criteria:

SCORM Compliant

Limited Budget

Retain pedagogical standard

Multi Browser / Platform

Paper BasedResources

Classroom Activities

and Quizzes

PresentationMaterial

ClassroomBased

Lectures

LearningObjects

Page 12: Technological and pedagogical issues surrounding mass production of elearning

12 Capture Interactions

All written materials and diagrams included

Tools are consumer based electronics

Two video cameras

Narrow shot – captures increased facial interactions

Wide shot – Negates risk in narrow shot

Radio Microphone

Captures increased tonal expression

Page 13: Technological and pedagogical issues surrounding mass production of elearning

13 Packaging Interactions

Material includes Audio & Visual

Presentation Slides

PDF Documents

Tasks and Quizzes

Packaged using: Open source and

proprietary software

Integrates with existing courseware

Rapid Production

Audio & Video x 2

Presentation Slides

PDF Documents

Tasks and Quizzes

Package material through software tools

Multimedia Learning Object

Page 14: Technological and pedagogical issues surrounding mass production of elearning

14 Forward Compatibility

Mass productions tools are backward and forward compatible

Tools output easily editable

Identify key criteria for subsequent tools:

Capture Devices Media Editing

Tools Learning Object Packaging Tools

LMS

Ensure Compatibility (CODECS)

Ensure Compatibility (File Types)

Ensure Compatibility

(SCORM)

Page 15: Technological and pedagogical issues surrounding mass production of elearning

15 Learning Object Delivery

1 hour section broken into 3 parts

All original material included

Ensures original context is maintained

Summarised into 5 bite size chunks

Page 16: Technological and pedagogical issues surrounding mass production of elearning

16 Production Risk Management

Capture Audio and Video

Editing into Learning Objects

Assess to be technically and pedagogically sound

Workflow diagrams

Assessed for value

Production process fully documented

Page 17: Technological and pedagogical issues surrounding mass production of elearning

17 Pedagogic Risk Management

Substantial evaluation through stakeholders

Academics

Meets Learning Outcomes

Students

Engaging as additional resources

Feedback positive

Further formalised evaluation required

Page 18: Technological and pedagogical issues surrounding mass production of elearning

18 Conclusion

Mass production of re-usable Learning Objects using existing tools is: Sustainable

Cost-effective

Future Work: Assess true value of learning content with stakeholders

Widen participation, specifically to less affluent neighbourhoods

Standards ensure adaptable Learning Objects are created

Metadata can personalise learning experience

Page 19: Technological and pedagogical issues surrounding mass production of elearning

19 References ADL. (2007) Advanced Distributed Learning. Accessed (2008)

http://www.adlnet.org/

AICC. (2007) Aviation Industry CBT (Computer-based Training) Committee (AICC). Accessed (2007) http://www.aicc.org/

Barikzai, S. (2006) Integrating Courseware into Collaborative Learning Environments. PHD Thesis, London South Bank University, UK

Brumfit, C. M., R (1989). Research in the Language Classroom. London.

IMS. (2002) IMS Global Learning Consortium. Accessed (2008) http://www.imsproject.org

Laurillard, D. (1993). Rethinking university teaching, Routledge.

LTSC. (2002) Learning Technology Standards Committee - LTSC (formally IEEE Computer Society P1484). Accessed (2008) http://ltsc.ieee.org/

MOODLE. (2008) MOODLE - An Open Source Learning Management System. Accessed (2008) http://www.moodle.com

Polsani, P. R. (2003). "Use and Abuse of Reusable Learning Objects." Journal of Digital information 3(4).

Rehak, D. and R. Mason (2003). Reusing Online Resources: A Sustainable Approach to eLearning. Keeping the Learning in Learning Objects. A. Littlejohn. London, Kogan Page.

Wiley, D. A. (2002). Connecting learning objects to instructional design theory:A definition, a metaphor, and a taxonomy. Learning Objects. D. A. Wiley, on-line.