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The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism. Alek Tarkowski

The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

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Presentation on the future of journalism and free cultural projects in this field, given to student journalists during a conference on new media in Warsaw.

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Page 1: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

The Amateur, the Audience,

the Crowd, and other strange

forms of journalism.

Alek Tarkowski

Page 2: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

The Amateur, the Audience,

the Crowd, and other strange

forms of journalism.(And the Crisis too!)

Alek Tarkowski

Page 3: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

This presentation is available under Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Poland license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/pl/)Some rights reserved by Alek Tarkowski.

Slides on CC licenses borrowed from Jon Phillips (http://www.slideshare.net/rejon)

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/pl/
Page 4: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

The MediumThe AudienceThe LawThe Money

The Authors(The Alternative)

Page 5: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

The MediumThe AudienceThe LawThe Money

The Authors(The Alternative)

The Crisis

Page 6: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

The issue

Page 7: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

The issue* end of press?* end of journalism?* end of public debate / public sphere?

Page 8: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

The issue* end of press?* end of journalism?* end of public debate / public sphere?An alternative to endism?

Page 9: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

The Medium

Page 10: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

1981: online press

Page 11: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)
Page 12: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

1981: online press

Page 13: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

technological shift* key trends: 1) global connectivity; 2) speed increase; 3) democratization of production / distribution capacity* creative destruction of the media / press sector

Page 14: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

* technology does not determine – but ofers crucial afordances* key lines of division: online / ofine; free / paid; author / audience

Page 15: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

“A lot of things are happening on the Internet that never happened before because the Internet is a vehicle for everyone. The mass media is no longer only for the powerful, and that’s a huge change for the entire newspaper and news industry” Craig Newmark

Page 16: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

“The people formerly known as the audience wish to inform media people of our existence, and of a shift in power that goes with the platform shift you’ve all heard about”.Jay Rosen

Page 17: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

The Audience

Page 18: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)
Page 19: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

Pew Research Center for the Internet and the Press* 1st time more people rely on internet than newspapers* among under 30, internet as important as television (60%) (from 68% vs. 34%)

Page 20: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

Poland, D-Link Technology Trend: online communities (2008)What content do you fnd interesting?User generated 46%Journalistic 19%Corporate 4%

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Traditional media remain an important source onlineNYTimes: 20 million readers online / 1 million readers in print

Page 22: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

The Law

Page 23: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

„archaic press law does not take account of digital technologies”

Leszek Szymczak, Gazeta Bytowska

Page 24: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

Media regulationOld standards in the times of convergent mediaPress lawCopyright lawTelecom law (shape of infrastructure)Professional code of conduct

Page 25: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)
Page 26: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

The Money

Page 27: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

The problem with press today: lack of good business model, not of good news

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Why we need a business model? Because media institutions are important of the quality of news (and the public sphere).

Page 29: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

„Because newspapers are a rusty industry. [...] They print lists of readers every day on the obituary page. Worse, as a class they are resolutely clueless about how to adapt to a world that is increasingly networked and self-informing”Doc Searls

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* Free* Micropayments* Voluntary payments (Vodo)* Micropatronage* Press piracy* Example of Radiohead / NIN

Page 31: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

The Alternative

Page 32: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

Free software●Steven Weber: success of open source - as a model●“open source is not necessarily good or morally benefcial”●… but we tend to underestimate value of openness (James Boyle)

Page 33: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

Free culture Inspired by free software – applied to cultural works and knowledgeAt its core, a legal project – to regain a lost balanceAbout 10 years old

Page 34: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

The inheritanceCommons based peer production (Yochai Benkler) (free) common good + new models of production and distribution

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Page 36: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)
Page 37: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

Elephants Dream

Page 38: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)
Page 39: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

Some rights reserved

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Free culture From intellectual property to intellectual generosity

Page 41: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

Free licenses for every type of creativity

Page 42: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

Creative Commons Some rights reserved – in particular, „as little as possible rights reserved”Millions of works, millions of people?Marginal – but at the frontier of change

Page 43: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

The alternative* successfully developed for programming* clear examples for art, culture, education, science* how about journalism?

Page 44: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

The Authors

Page 45: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

“Terrorism made Stacey a victim; technology made him a reporter”

Page 46: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

Eliot Ward, CC BY

Page 47: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

“The frst-day story no longer belongs to newspapers - and hasn't for a long time. It isn't even the property of professional journalists any longer”

Page 48: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

“[...] we could be assured that when a big news event happened, witnesses would be online with accounts of it in a matter of minutes. News was never like that”

Page 49: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

Janis Krums

Page 50: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

David Katz/Obama for America, CC BY-NC-SA

Page 51: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

* amateurs vs. professionals* informal vs. formal* when do you become a journalist?* crowdsourcing does not mean full participation

Page 52: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

Douglas Rushkof„Most stations are looking at the listener community as a bunch of consumers to be segmented, targeted, manipulated - the sort of spreadsheet approach to radio as opposed to the passionate approach”

Page 53: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

Douglas Rushkof* involve listeners rather than just corporations / labels* invite not common denominator, but highest quality of listeners - „fans”* answer their needs * niche, not mass

Page 54: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

* independent media are not new!* Indymedia* media hacking * (TV Solidarność)

Page 55: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

Who are the new authors?

Page 56: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

* one million penguins1500 individuals 11,000 edits‘not the most read, but possibly the most written novel in history‘75000 visitors 280,000 page views

Page 57: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

* Current TV* users (called VC2 Producers) contribute 3-7min “pods”* content fltered by registered users through voting* pods are approved by Current's on-air programming department* “pods” are a portion of aired material

Page 58: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

BBC Creative Archive* broadcaster's archives as free culture* ultimately just access (iPlayer) – Audience, not Authors

Page 59: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

Assignment Zero* "trend reporting gone pro-am" – on an open platform * trend: spread of peer production / wisdom-of-crowd eforts* readers know more than journalists* goal: 80 features

Page 60: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

Assignment Zero* get division of labor right: right size of chunks* self-assignment rarely works* sudden coordination costs of success* forming a whole out of piecescrucial build-up of common background knowledge

Page 61: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

Assignment Zero* successful – but in a completely diferent manner than traditional journalism* depends on building a community* long-term process

Page 62: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

Blogging* Rathergate: bloggers verify CBS 60 minutes story on G.W. Bush's army record* Poland: Bloggers prove a professional journalist is a plagiarist

Page 63: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

Blogging* Kataryna: blogosphere has no importance whatsoever […] let's forget about replacing traditional media with blogs – these are two parallel words that rarely interact and do not compete”

Page 64: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

Blogging* Kataryna: blogosphere is not efcient at “looking at journalists' hands”; not that it cannot do it – it's just that nobody cares

Page 65: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

Blogging* not journalism, but commentary?* public debate / public sphere

Page 66: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

Civic journalism* hype?* from civic journalism projects to a feld for “new media tools deployment for civic ends”* Youtube, Flickr, SMS, Facebook...* bloggers, eyewitnesses, pro-am journalists, random persons...

Page 67: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

Civic journalism* diferent than „real” journalism* crowdsourcing as „civic” journalism * diference between democracies and totalitarian regimes?* it's not the name that's important

Page 68: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

Summing up...* crowdsource* open source* civic journalism* public sphere* social media – horizontal communication

Page 69: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

The future

Page 70: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

The future

What can I do?* Keep an open mind* Write Express* Support favourite (small) title* Make educational resources

Page 71: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

The future

What can I do?* Keep an open mind* Write Express* Support favourite (small) title* Make educational resources* Ride bikes! Grow plants! Bake bread!

Page 72: The Amateur, the Audience, the Crowd, and other strange forms of journalism (and the crisis too!)

Thank [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

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