Upload
mnoahrhs
View
922
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
-Originated as a study in Europe in the latter part of the 19th century (1870s)
-Early pioneers: -Wilhelm Wundt 1832-1920
-Sigmund Freud 1856-1939
-Paul Pierre Broca 1824-1880
-Jean Piaget 1896-1980
-Carl Gustav Jung 1875-1961
Origins of Psychology
Pierre Paul Broca
-Lived 1824-1880
-French national
-Held many university positions, all in the medical field-Most notably as professor of surgical pathology at the University of Paris
Pierre Paul Broca
-Broca’s Area of the brain
-Associated with:
-Articulated language
-Language processing
-Speech production
-Comprehension
Jean Piaget
-Lived 1896-1980
-Swiss national
-Psychologist
-Philosopher
4 Stages of Development
Jean Piaget and the Theory of Cognitive Development
Broca and Piaget: Who Cares?
Legacy:-Broca: Study and evolution of psychology and brain function
-Piaget: Advances of the studies of psychology and cognitive development, and education.
Sigmund Freud (1856-
1939)
Freud’s impact on European
Society
Established the theory that the
unconscious motives control
much of human behavior
Freud’s Impact on European Art
Movement
Freud’s theories influenced surrealism
Freud performed psychoanalysis
which was like the concept of many
paintings
Exploring the inner depths of the
unconscious mind
Freud’s Theories
The unconscious plays a large role
in shaping someone’s behavior
Freud’s Form of Therapy
Psychoanalysis is a technique of therapy
Free association- basic method of transference of
information
The patient, lays down and says whatever comes to
mind
Catharsis- the sudden release of emotion
Freud’s Division of the
Brain
Freud believed that the brain was
divided into three different parts
The Id (unconscious self)
The Ego (conscious self)
The Superego
Thought everyone was born with
certain natural drives which he called
instincts
Freud’s Sexual Stages of
Development
Freud said that the sex drive is the most important motivating force
He created a psychosexual stage theory with stages starting from infancy until adulthood
Stages:Oral Stage (Birth - 18 months)
Anal stage (18 months - 3 or 4 years old)
Phallic Stage (3 or 4 years old - 7 years old)
Latency Stage (as young as 5 years - puberty)
Genital Stage (puberty -> )
From The Interpretation of
Dreams, 1900
The interpretation of dreams is
the royal road to a knowledge of
the unconscious activities of the
mind.
-- Sigmund Freud
Reflected the spirit of the early 20th century, with its
emphasis on greedy irrational creatures
Became an international movement by 1910 and received popular attention after 1918, esp in Protestant countries in N. Europe & the U.S.
Shattered the enlightenment view of rationality and progress
Impact
Surrealism
The practice of producing fantastic imagery or effects in art, literature, film, or theater by means of unnatural or irrational juxtapositions and combinations.
Approaching Puberty (1921) Max Ernst Mixed Media
“Surrealism is not a style. It is the cry of a mind turning back on itself.”
Antonin Artaud
“Surrealism sought communication with the irrational and illogical, deliberately disorienting and reorienting the conscious, by means of the unconscious.”
The Anti-Pope (1942) Max ErnstOil on Canvas
The art world had been forever changed by the visions bequeathed from the omnipotence of the dream world.
Giraffe on Fire (1937) Salvador DalíOil on Canvas
Jean Martin-Charcotand
Sigmund Freud
Meditation on the Harp (1932-1934)Salvador DalíOil on Canvas
Jean Martin-Charcot was Sigmund Freud’s
teacher, and had a great deal of influence over Freud, and
the course of study he undertook regarding the study of the human mind.
Untitled (Tamara Toumanova), (1940)Joseph CornellMixed Media Collage
Freud practiced self analysis, and over time became overwhelmed with the “power of the imaginary and the sway of pictures that came to dominate” his conscious thoughts.
The mind which plunges into Surrealism, relives with burning excitement the best part of childhood.
ANDRE BRETON, Surrealist Manifesto, 1924
The Robing of the Bride (1940)Max Ernst Oil on Canvas
“Dreams provide a continuous, symbolic commentary in our internal psychological (and sometimes physical) functions whenever language fails to convey a particular inner experience, dream imagery can capture it vividly and authentically…”
Metamorphosis of Narcissus (1936-1937) Salvador Dalí Oil on Canvas
“Conceptualizing dream imagery as a metaphorical
narrative is analogous to understanding the underlying meaning of an abstract painting.”
Myron L. Gluckman M.D.
While we now have a better understanding of the inner workings of the unconscious mind, much of it is still speculation.
Carte Blanche (1965) René Magritte Oil on Canvas