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TORC-3 Test of Reading Comprehension
By: Sami Napier & Sabrina Richardson
To identify students whose scores are significantly below those of their peers and who might need interventions designed to improve reading comprehension
To determine areas of relative strength and weakness across reading comprehension abilities
To document overall progress in reading development as a consequences of interventions programs
To serve as a measure for research efforts designed to investigate reading comprehension
PURPOSES FOR USING TORC-3
Ages, 0-7 and 11-17 Able to understand directions of subtests Able to formulate the necessary responses Able to read English
Eligibility for Testing
No time limits The entire test varies from 30 minutes to 90
minutes The average time being an hour Each subtest generally takes 5-15 minutes
Administration Time
Administration
Administration
Shorten testing time Avoid giving readers items that are too
difficult
Ceilings
Purpose: to measure the reader’s understanding of vocabulary that is related to a general concept
Description: 25 vocabulary questions Ceiling: reached when three (3) items in any
five-item sequence have been answered incorrectly
General Vocabulary
Example
Purpose: to measure the reader’s understanding of meaningfully similar but syntactically different sentence structures
Description: 20 questions Ceiling: reached when three (3) items in any
five-item sequence have been answered incorrectly
Syntactic Similarities
Example
Purpose: ability to answer questions related to the paragraph
Description: 6 paragraphs with 5 questions each
The first question requires the student to choose the best title that conveys the overall theme
The second and fifth questions recall story details The third question makes an inference The fourth question makes a negative inference
Ceiling: reached when two items or more questions for any story are answered incorrectly
Paragraph Reading
Example
Purpose: measure the ability to order sentences into a paragraph
Description: 10 test questions Consisting of 5 randomly ordered sentences and the
reader has to put them in the correct order to form a paragraph
Ceiling: reached when any two items in a row have a score of 3 or lower
Sentence Sequencing
Example
Purpose: understanding of mathematics vocabulary
Description: 25 test questions Ceiling: reached when three (3) items in any
five-item sequence have been answered incorrectly
Mathematics Vocabulary
Example
Purpose: understand social studies vocabulary
Description: 25 test questions Ceiling: reached when three (3) items in any
five-item sequence have been answered incorrectly
Social Studies Vocabulary
Example
Purpose: understanding of science vocabulary
Description: 25 test questions Ceiling: reached when three (3) items in any
five-item sequence have been answered incorrectly
Science Vocabulary
Example
Purpose: measures understanding of written directions commonly found in schoolwork
Description: 25 test questions Consist of a printed command that the student has to
carry out on the answer sheet
Ceiling: no ceiling, all items should be accepted
Reading of Directions of Schoolwork
Example
Raw Scores: total number of points correct for each subtest
Grade Equivalent: Indicates the reading comprehension grade level that corresponds to the raw score made by the student
Age Equivalent: Indicates the age level that corresponds to the raw score made by the student
Percentiles: Represent a value on a scale of 100 that indicates the percentage of the distribution that is equal or below the value.
Example: 90% of a 12 year old indicates that 90 % of the sample at that age scored at or below the raw score.
Scores Yielded
Subtest Standard Scores: These scores provide the clearest indication of a person’s subtest performance.
Example: Standard score is 8 they are considered average and approximately half (49.50%) of the population is average
Scores Yielded Continued
Standard Score
Description % of Age Included
17-20 Very Superior 2.27
15-16 Superior 6.86
13-14 Above Average 16.12
8-12 Average 49.50
6-7 Below Average 16.12
4-5 Poor 6.86
1-3 Very Poor 2.27
The Reading Comprehension Quotient (RCQ):combination of General Vocabulary, Syntactic Similarities, Paragraph Reading, and Sentence Sequencing
Most reliable, valid, and useful measure of reading comprehension
Scores Yielded Continued
Quotient Description % Age Included
>130 Very Superior 2.27
121-130 Superior 6.86
111-120 Above Average 16.12
90-110 Average 49.50
80-89 Below Average 16.12
70-79 Poor 6.86
< 70 Very Poor 2.27
Example of a Raw Score
Configure the Raw Score
Correct Raw Score
1. All subtest scores fall in a fairly narrow range varying no more than 3 to 5 standard score points. This means that the reader is consistent in their reading competence.
2. Readers perform higher on reading comprehension score subtests than on one or more of the diagnostic supplements.
3. A reader performs significantly lower on one of the reading comprehension core subtests.
4. A reader is inconsistent across the subtests.
Subtest Performance Patterns
Reading comprehension is a complex mental ability
TORC-3 subtests were correlated with the total scores of two intelligence tests◦ Short-Form Test of Academic Aptitude ◦ Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised
Relationship to Test Of Intelligence
The previous TORC test received negative criticism because it failed to describe the characteristics of the normative sample in regards to ethnicity, race and disabling conditions. These issues were corrected in the TORC-3
Interesting Facts