09/04/23London Metropolitan

University / ddh 1

How does our memory work?

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 2

Where do we store information?

Many parts of our brain:

Sensorial memory - perception

Working memory - filing and retrieving information

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 3

How does our memory work?

Memories are formed when certain connections (synapses) are strengthened.

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 4

Laying down new memories

Information Senses Cortex Hippocampus

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 5

Memory

A huge filing system!

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 6

Why is memory important for interpreters?

Consecutive Interpreting?

Simultaneous Interpreting?

Remote Interpreting? Research? Vocabulary?

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 7

How good is your memory?

Look at the following phone numbers and try to remember them

0 5 1 2 8 9 9 3 6 4 5 7

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 8

Short term memory-Immediate memory

Information is stored for immediate use

With regular stimulation:long term memory

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 9

Short term memory

Can store information for less than a minute It is limited in capacity to about:

7 items when they are not connected, however difficult they are

10 to 20 items when they are connected (sentence…)

Uses auditive memory Distraction will immediately erase the information

stored in our immediate memory

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 10

Short term memory

Best friends: Concentration Relaxation Adrenaline

Worst ennemies: Distraction (external

and internal) Fear

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 11

Short term memory and interpreting

Used in: Simultaneous Interpreting Chuchotage Short Consecutive

Interpreting (ad hoc, over the telephone…)

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 12

Long term memory

Memories of events,

How to do things

Facts.

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 13

Storing information long term

Memory 3 hours later 3 days later

Auditive 70% 10%

Visual 72% 20%

Combination of the 2

85% 65%

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 14

Storing information long term

A few secrets: Stimulate your memory

often on the same topic Use all memory

combinations for optimum results

Understand your favourite sensory channel

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 15

Working memory

The ‘blackboard of our mind'.

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 16

What is your earliest memory?

Usually at 3 or 4 years old

Not accessible before speaking

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 17

Improving your memory

Association of facts with meanings

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 18

Ancient memory tricks

. Cicero

recommended breaking a long text into bits.

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 19

Testing, testing…

Listen to the text carefully

Concentrate Answer questions on

the handouts on your own

Do not speak

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 20

Improving your memory with medication

Smart drugs: positive help on rebuilding memory after a stroke or Alzheimer disease

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 21

Right and left brain

In most people, the left side of the brain - which controls the right side of the body - deals more with language.

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 22

Conference Interpreters

Usually we listen with our right ear and

Uncover our left ear to listen to our delivery

When you phone, which ear do you use spontaneously?

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 23

To get the whole picture

We actually need both sides of our brain to get the 'whole picture'.

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 24

What about interpreters?

We need to build bridges between listening and understanding

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 25

Speaking words

We use the part of our brain called Broca's area.

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 26

Understanding words

When we listen to (or read) words, we are using a part of our brain known as Wernicke's area.

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 27

Language pathways in our brain

a complex network between speaking (Broca's area) and understanding words (Wernicke's area).

When we speak a word that we have read or heard, the message goes to the parts of our brain concerned with seeing or hearing, and then to both language areas before an instruction is sent to other areas concerned with movement of the tongue and lips.

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 28

However…how much do we understand?

10% comes from the words (conscious level)

40% comes from the tone of the speaker’s voice

50% comes from non verbal attitude (unconscious level)

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 29

Emotional memory

When remembering an emotional event, we recall not only what happened, but also how we felt - an emotional memory.

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 30

Feedback from the memory test

3 possible channels Visual memory Auditive memory Kinetic memory

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 31

Who are we?

Results for the test are not rigid, they can change depending on life styles and new skills (playing a new musical instrument…)

There is no right or wrong result, the ideal is to have a balanced result in all 3.

Once we understand our strong channel, we can consciously encourage the storage of new information

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 32

Visual memory

Use colours, space, harmony, elegance and order

Look at people’s outlook when you speak to them

Visualise events like sequences of a film or a cartoon

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 33

Auditive memory

Concentrate on the intonation and the intensity of the voice of the speaker

Learn new vocabulary reading words out loud, using intonation or tune

Use silence or a light musical background when studying

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 34

Kinetic memory

Use movement to concentrate

Remember emotions felt at the time you were exposed to new information

Use your sense of humour Use your common sense

when listening to understand how facts interact with one another

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 35

Combination of memories

We remember: 10% of what we read 20% of what we listen to 30% of what we see 50% of what we listen

and see at the same time 80% of what we say 90% of what we say and

do at the same time

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 36

Remembering information: 3 stages

1. Exposure to information

2. Recording of information

3. Recalling information

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 37

Exposure to information

You hear info for the first time: Concentrate Avoid distraction Use passive listening

skills Use your sensory

channels (visual, auditive, kinetic memories combined)

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 38

Recording of information

Create word-idea associations . It is vital to think in terms of ideas

Use mental images involving senses (touch, smell..)

Use your own words Organise ideas in

sequences (film) Take notes

09/04/23 London Metropolitan University / ddh 39

Recalling information

Remember information in order, from the beginning (sequence 1, 2, 3 etc…)

Use your notes Remember senses triggered

during stage 1 (emotion, colour of the room, voice of speaker etc..)

09/04/23London Metropolitan

University / ddh 40

To conclude

What will you remember about memory?