Founding a NationFoundations, War, and More!

What is a colony?

Definition

Colony – A new settlement or territory established and governed by a country in another land.

I. New England Coloniesa. States

1. Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island

b. Who?1. From 1630-1643 more

than 20,000 Puritans left Europe to settle in New England.

2. Small town communities.

3. Puritans founded Harvard.

4. Majority of population was in the New England colonies.

Continued…c. Why?

1. Religious freedom.

2. Wanted a “pure” society. STRICT (no card games)

d. Economy1. Farming, logging, ship

building, and fishing.

2. Trade became center of economy because of its many ports. ONLY with England.

II. Middle Coloniesa. States

1. New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania.

b. Who?1. The Dutch controlled

“New Netherland.”

2. English take over in 1664. Quakers later settled from England.

3. Diversity in the region.

Continued…c. Why?

1. Religious Freedom

2. Make money

d. Economy1. Better land for farming

than New England.

2. Large harbors connected with many deep rivers making it easy to export and import within the communities.

III. Southern Coloniesa. States

1. Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia.

b. Who?1. Wealthy Catholics

looking for refuge.

Continued…c. Why?

1. Religious Freedom

2. Make money

d. Economy1. Plantations: Tobacco,

Cotton, and Rice

2. Indentured Servants Slavery

3. Trade with England

The Great AwakeningMorals and Politics

Moral or Political?

Gay Marriage?

Health Care?

Abortion?

Immigration?

Moral vs. Political

Moral issues deal with right or wrong conduct based on someone’s beliefs

Political issues deal with the government of a country and its people

Moral and political ideas are often mixed together

Definition…The Great

Awakening was a religious revival that spread through the Colonies

I. When?

The Great Awakening occurred in the 1730s and 1740s CE

II. Why did it happen?People had lost

religious passion

Religion seemed distant to the people

Colonists looked for religious renewal

III. What happened?Churches

split up over religious arguments

50,000 more people join churches

Do Now:Analyze this quote and summarize what it

means to you.

All mankind... being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty or possessions.

- John Locke

Cause and Effect:Growing Apart

-From BFF to Enemies-

BackgroundIn 1735, the 13

colonies are growing quickly

Colonists consider themselves English citizens and are loyal to England

Cause: The Great Awakening

Preachers traveled through the 13 colonies spreading their message to colonists in the 1730s

Guys like Jonathon Edward and George Whitefield wanted to inspire people to go to church again

Talked about God seeing everyone as equal

Cause: Enlightenment 18th century European

movement

Democracy and rights to individuals.

Believed in you are born with Natural Rights and that government should protect the people.

John Locke and Thomas Hobbes

Effect: Revolutionary IdeasColonists take

religious ideas and began to question England and talk about being treated as equals

Colonists begin to think of themselves as “Americans” because they all feel connected by the Great Awakening

Cause: French and Indian WarLong and

expensive war, England vs. France, ends in 1763

England gains lots of new land

Colonists help England win the war

Effect: Tax Time!England is broke because of

the war

Decides to tax the colonies without askingStamp Act in 1764 puts

taxes on all papersTownshend Act in 1767

lets English troops live in colonial houses for free

Tea Act in 1773 puts a large tax on tea

Colonists very upset because they have no say in taxes

Cause: Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763

saves new land won form France for Indians without asking the colonists

England hopes this will stop fighting between colonists and Indians

Effect: Colonists Get MadColonists very upset

by Proclamation of 1763 because they thought England won the new land for them to farm

Colonists break the rules set by England and begin moving onto Indian lands

English troops begin burning colonial houses on Indian lands

End Result

By 1776, 13 colonies are still growing quickly

Colonists are upset with how England has treated them unfairly just because they live in the colonies

Many colonists start to call themselves “Americans”

The Road to War-The 13 Colonies vs. England-

Protesting EnglandAfter the Stamp Act

1764, secret groups were formed to protest English taxes and laws

Sons of Liberty spread through the colonies and held violent protests

Trouble in Massachusetts

Boston Massacre 1770 - 5 Americans killed by English soldiers

Boston Tea Party protests the Tea Act in 1773

England makes new laws called Intolerable Acts to punish Massachusetts

Colonies Come TogetherThe 13 Colonies

hold a meeting in Philadelphia in 1774

Called the First Continental Congress

Colonies agree to not trade with England and train their own American soldiers

The Shooting StartsMassachusetts rebels

against England

Second Continental Congress forms the Continental Army in 1775

American army led by George Washington

T. Paine: Common SenseBook called “Common

Sense” written by Thomas Paine in early 1776

Told Americans all monarchs (kings) were bad and had to go

Said America should follow its own destiny

Mr. A says…The Great Awakening: A religious revival in

the 13 Colonies

Sons of Liberty: A group formed to protest English taxes and laws in the colonies

Proclamation of 1763: Reserved the land west of the 13 Colonies for Indians

Stamp Act: British tax on colonial paper products that led to big protests

Declaration of Independence: A document that said the colonies were free and independent

Declaration Remix

Rewrite the Declaration of Independence as a letter

This will be 5-paragraphs

Imagine you are an American explaining the Declaration to your cousin in England…

Declaration Letter FormatPreamble

Explain why you are writing

The Right of People to Control their GovernmentExplain what rights you believe people have

Tyrannical Acts of the British KingList and explain at least 5 things the king did

Efforts of the Colonists to Avoid SeparationExplain what you tried to do to avoid war

The Colonies are Declared Free and IndependentSum up what will change now that you are

independent

Convincing AmericaWhy did they fight?

All In!Continental

Congress meets again in 1776

Declaration of Independence issued on July 4, 1776

A new country is declared

Reasons for Splitting Up

Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence

Stated reasons the colonies had to break away from England

Said that the king of England had violated their rights in the Magna Carta from 1215

But Why?!Purpose

To tell King George that he no longer controlled them.

List out all the reasons they were going to become independent.

Tell the world that they were not a new country.

Rationale

King George continued to ignore colonists rights.

Told King George all the rights he took away.

The world now knew that the colonies were standing up against the most powerful country in the world.

The Colonists9 out of 10 American

colonists were farmers

The rest lived in small towns and cities

Loyalty

Many Americans felt connected to their colony

The people of the colonies elected their own representatives to colonial assemblies (governments)

Mixed Feelings

Also considered themselves English citizens

Believed Magna Carta and English Bill of Rights applied to them

Magna Carta limited kings power, English Bill of Rights limited the king even more

The Declaration

Declaration of Independence spread to the colonies

Declaration posted and read in towns and cities

Who joined?

Continental Army starts recruiting men and money

Asks colonists to fight for freedom under George Washington

45% of Americans were convinced to support Revolution

30% stayed loyal to England

English Bill of Rights and the Magna Carta

Rights colonists grew used to…

I. Magna CartaGave nobles more

power, king less.

If King did not follow rules the nobles would not obey him.

No “freeman” can be punished except through law of the land.

II. English ParliamentMany countries

model their government after it.

Lawmaking body of England, consisting of reps. from kingdom.

Power from Magna Carta

III. English Bill of Rights

Only the people’s representatives could make taxes or laws

King had to follow and enforce the law

Could tell the King what was wrong without him getting mad (petition)

Trial by Jury

American or Roman?

American or Roman?

American or Roman?

American or Roman?

American or Roman?

American or Roman?

American or Roman?

American or Roman?

I. RepublicForm of

government in which the people have control over the government and the head of the government is not a monarch (king/queen).

Liberal Principles/ThinkersEnlightenment

Thinkers =Liberal Thinkers

Thought everyone was born with natural rights

“life and liberty”

Government should protect its people.

REPUBLIC!