UNIT 9: THE BIODIVERSITY OF THE LIVING THINGS

BIODIVERSITY AND ADAPTION

Biodiversity is the great variety of different forms of life or species that form the biosphere.

They transform or evolve into different organisms or species over millions of years.

Biological evolution is the slow and gradual changes that living beings have undergone in the history of the Earth.

Fossils are the remains of organisms or footprints of past living things, which were buried under sediment that formed sedimentary rocks.

THE HISTORY OF LIFE ON EARTH: EVOLUTION

ACTIVITIES

1. Explain what biodiversity is.2. Some aquatic animals like dolphins are not fish.

How have they adapted to move in the water?3.What is biological evolution?

ACTIVITIES

4.The following definitions refer to…a) The variety of different forms of life in the

biosphere.b)The process of slow changes that living beings

have undergone during the history.c)The remains of organisms that lived in the past.

THE FIVE KINGDOMS

Monera kingdom: Ex: Bacterias Protoctist kingdom: Protozoa and Algae. Fungi kingdom: Ex: Mould and Mushrooms. Plant kingdom: Ex: Oak tree Animal kingdom: Ex: Dog

THE MONERA KINGDOM

The Monera kingdom contains unicellular prokaryotic organisms. Ex: Bacteria

Nutrition: autotrophic or heterotrophic. Saprophytes, parasites, symbionts. Reproduction: Asexual, cell division. Types of bacteria:

Coccus: Spherical Bacillus: Elongated Vibrio: Curved Spirillum: Spiral

Vibrio

THE PROTOCTIST KINGDOM

Prtoctists are unicellular and multicellular organisms. They are eukaryotes and never form tissues.

Types: Protozoa: They are heterotrophs. Ex:

Amoebae Algae: They are autotrophs and perform

photosynthesis.

ACTIVITIES

1.Draw the different types of bacteria.2.The bacteria that live in our digestive system

help us digest food and produce vitamins. Are they parasites, saprophytes or symbionts?

3. The bacteria that live inside the root of leguminous plants are:a)Parasitesb)Symbiontsc)Autotrophs

4. Complete the following sentence:

Cells of Protoctist kingdom are_____________ and cells of Monera kingdom are_____________ which means they don’t have ______________.

5.Complete the following sentence:

Algae are____________ beacuse they make photosynthesis. Their cells have_______________ like the plants.

THE FUNGI KINGDOM

Fungi are unicellular or multicellular organisms. They are eukaryotes and they have cellular

wall. They dont’ form tissues. They are heterotrophs. Ex: Mould, yeast and mushroom. Nutrition: Saprophytes,Parasites, Symbionts. Reproduction: They produce cells called spores. Interaction: They live in the soil, in dark places.

PARTS OF A FUNGI

1- Cap2- Stalk3- Volva4-Hyphae-Mycelium

Yeast

Athlete foot

ACTIVITIES

1.Draw a mushroom in your notebook and write the names of its parts.

2.The three types of fungi nutrition are…3.Copy and complete the sentences:a)The fungi’s cells are__________ and they

have__________.b)Yeasts are _______________ fungi.

1. Classify the following organism in the tables: tiger, deer, tetanus bacteria, mushroom, cholera bacteria, pine tree, rose, eagle, moss, paramecium, oak, camel, Mouse.

Monera Protists Fungi Plant Animal

Autotrophic nutrition Heterotrophic nutrition