Potential Uptake of

Geographic Information

Systems

Patrick Rickles

Reading Between the Lines

Learning

Braving the Tumultuous Waters of Research

Weaving the Threads Together

Using Geographic Information Systems to understand space

Incorporating the richness of Interdisciplinary Research…

… to produce amazing results.

Educating to learn thetechnologiesused on the project

Mixing it all

together

GIS in Interdisciplinary

Research

InterdisciplinaryResearch

InEducation

GIS in Education

Literature Review Findings

C1. Collaborating with Other Disciplines

C2. The Interface Between Disciplines

C3. Personal Issues

C4. Licensing and Ownership

Interdisciplinary Challenges

C5. Time Constraints

C6. Lack of Management

C7. Institutional Intransigence

C8. Lack of Opportunities

Interdisciplinary Challenges

S1. Incentivise Research

S2. Establish an Institutional Structure

S3. Include Senior Staff and Interested Parties

S4. Discourage Disciplinary Selfishness

Interdisciplinary Solutions

S5. Build Relationships

S6. Management, Clear Objectives and Evaluation

S7. Provide Training

S8. Increase and Adapt Funding

Interdisciplinary Solutions

Using Geographic Information Systems

Emotions and Technology

The Learning Process

Suggested Curricula

G1. Analytical Methods

G2. Cartography and Visualization

G3. Design Aspects

G4. Conceptual Foundations

G5. Data Modeling

GIS&T Body of Knowledge

G6. Data Manipulation

G7. Geocomputation

G8. Geospatial Data

G9. GIS&T and Society

G10. Organizational and Institutional Aspects

GIS&T Body of Knowledge

Articles and Results

Search for “Interdisciplinary” and “GIS” in the top journals of each category of Google Scholar

• Emergency Management – 254

• Higher Education – 220

• Water Supply & Treatment – 147

• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences – 142

• Fuzzy Systems – 105

Top 10 Categories by Number of Search Results Returned

• Remote Sensing – 96

• Entrepreneurship & Innovation – 92

• Sustainable Development – 82

• Hydrology & Water Resources – 76

• Environmental & Occupational Medicine –33

Top 10 Categories by Number of Search Results Returned

A1. “Use of GIS technology in the Prediction and Monitoring of Landslide Hazard” – 211

A2. “Group Project Work and Student-Centred Active Learning: Two Different Experiences” – 116

A3. “One View of the Future” – 95

A4. “The World of Geography: Visualizing a Knowledge Domain with Cartographic Means” – 61

A5. “A Collaborative Virtual Geographic Environment Based on P2P and Grid Technology” – 34

Top Cited Article from the Top 10 Categories

A6. “GIS-Based Habitat Modeling Using Logistic Multiple Regression – A Study of the Mt. Graham Red Squirrel” – 337

A7. “e-Government 2015: Exploring m-Government Scenarios, between ICT-Driven Experiments and Citizen-Centric Implications” – 34

A8. “Energy and Environmental Aspects of Using Corn Stover for Fuel Ethanol” – 392

A9. “Interactions between Groundwater and Surface Water: the State of the Science” – 630

A10. “Using Geographic Information Systems for Exposure Assessment in Environmental Epidemiology Studies” – 190

Top Cited Article from the Top 10 Categories

Findings

C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8

A1 X X X X

A2 X X X X

A3 X X X X

A4 X

A5

A6

A7 X X X X

A8

A9 X

A10 X

*A1-A10 corresponds with Articles; C1-C8 corresponds with Challenges

Findings

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8

A1 X X X X X

A2 X X X X X

A3 X X X

A4 X

A5 X X

A6

A7 X X X

A8

A9 X

A10 X X

*A1-A10 corresponds with Articles; S1-S8 corresponds with Solutions

Findings

G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10

A1 X X X X X X X X X

A2 X X

A3 X X X X X

A4 X X X X X X X

A5 X X X X X X X X

A6 X X X X X X X

A7 X X

A8 X X X

A9 X X X X

A10 X X X X X X X

*A1-A10 corresponds with Articles; G1-G10 corresponds with GIS Concepts

• “Emergency Management” – Top Category (254 Results)

• “Interactions between Groundwater and Surface Water: the State of the Science” – Top Article (630 Citations)– From “Hydrology & Water Resources” Category

• “Collaborating with Other Disciplines” – Top Challenge

• “Building Relationships” – Top Suggested Solution

• “Geospatial Data” – Most Important GIS&T Knowledge Area (9 out of 10 articles)– Map only produced in 5 out of 10 articles

Findings

Tying it All Together

Teaching and Learning in Interdisciplinary Higher Education: A Systematic Review

Student

LearningEnvironment

InterdisciplinaryThinking

Learning Process

Spelt et al, 2009

Hypothesis

Student:Adult Learners

Learning Process:8 Challenges

Interdisciplinary Thinking: 8 Solutions

Learning Environment:• Non-Formal

• Face-to-Face• Online

• Informal• Experiential

Formal, Non-Formal, and Informal

FORMAL• Professionally Structured• Institutionally Arranged• Certification

NON-FORMAL• Semi-Structured• Loosely Arranged• Continued Professional Development

INFORMAL• Unstructured• Spontaneous• Experiential Learning

How they Compare…

Face-to-Face

PROs:Personal

Real-time

CONs:Student Reach

Time

Online

PROs:Flexible

Accessible

CONs:Technology

Asynchronous

INFORMAL

Experiential

PROs:Flexible

Relevant

CONs:Unstructured

Inefficient

NON-FORMAL

Cultivating the Learning Environment

Online Course: Enriched Education through Hypermedia

Digital Application of Educational Theories

GIS Topics Derived from Top Discipline Studies

Understanding Disciplinary Epistemologies

Research Question:

How does Non-Formal compare to Informal learning when Adult Learners from different disciplines learn GIS through Interdisciplinary problems?

Discussion

Still Work in

Progress

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Evaluation Methods?