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The Vertebrates
I. Characteristics of Vertebrates A. Ten Organ Systems 1. Respiratory System 2. Circulatory System 3. Digestive System 4. Integumentary System 5. Reproductive System 6. Excretory System 7. Endocrine System 8. Skeletal System 9. Muscular System 10. Nervous System
II. Vertebrate Classes A. Agnatha (Jawless Fish) 1. Most primitive fish 2. Paired appendages absent 3. Seven spiracles on the ventral sides of the head 4. Endoskeleton composed of cartilage
Lamprey Hagfish
Lamprey cirri, teeth arranged in rows and dental plates on its tongue
Two lampreys parasitizing a fresh-water fish
B. Chondrichthyes (Cartiliginous fish) 1. jaw present 2. paired appendages a. pectoral fins b. Pelvic fins 3. 5 to 7 gill slits 4. cartiliginous endoskeleton 5. dentacle scales 6. examples: shark, ray, skate
External anatomy of the shark
Rows of teeth line the jaw of the shark
Some man-eater sharks
Hammerhead Great White
Blue
Whale shark
Placoid scales compose the scales of the shark
Sawfish
Manta Ray
C. Osteichthyes (bony fish) 1. Bony endoskeleton 2. Operculum 3. Overlapping scales 4. Perch, bass, flatfish
Coelacanth Australian Lungfish
D. Amphibia 1. Nictitating membrane 2. Tympanic membrane 3. No scales, moist body 4.Frog, toad, newt, salamander
Tree Frog Toad
Newt Salamander
D. Reptilia 1. Body covered with scales or plates 2. Amniotic egg 3. Crocodile, alligator, turtles, lizards, snakes
Crocodile Alligator
Terrapin Tortoise
Sea turtle
Komoto dragon
Poisonous North American snakes
Coral snake Rattlesnake
Copperhead Water Moccasin
Pit Vipers
Python Anaconda
Boa constrictor
Dinosaurs
D. Aves 1. body covered with feathers 2. feed and care for offspring 3. adaptations to flight
4. foot adaptations
5. Bird beak adaptations
E. Mammalia 1. body covered with hair or fur 2. care for offspring 3. mother feeds offspring with milk or milk-like substance
F. Vertebrate Classes
Monotremata
Platypus Spiny anteater
Marsupialia
Opossum Kangaroo
Koala
Perissodactyla
Rhinoceros Zebra
Artiodactyla
Hippopotamus Giraffe
Insectivora
Mole Rat
Lagomorpha
Rabbit
Chiroptera
Bat
Edentata
Slot
Cetacea
Whale
Carnivora
Lion Wolf
Primates
Howler Monkey Baboon
Apes
Gorilla Chimpanzee
Orangutan Gibbon
Homo sapiens