WASHINGTON TO

WAR OF 1812

Washington as President Unanimously elected

Cabinet

1789 Congress creates 3 executive

departments• Dept. of State• Dept. of Treasury• Dept. of War

Washington appoints Henry Knox (Sec’y of

War), Thomas Jefferson (Sec’y of State) and

Alexander Hamilton (Sec’y of Treasury)

Also appoints Edmund Randolph as Att’y

General

Divisions in belief• Hamilton v. Jefferson

• Personality & politically different• Federalist (Hamilton) v. anti-Federalist

(Jefferson)

Court systems• Established with Judiciary Act of 1789• 6 man Supreme Court—5 justices, 1 Chief Justice• John Jay first Chief Justice

• Also established district & circuit courts

Hamilton’s financial plan• No money post-war• Idea:

• Federal gov’t takes all debt (state and federal)•Gov’t raises money through tariffs•Create a national bank and mint to stabilize economy

Highly controversial• Unfair• Question on constitutionality of nat’l bank—not specifically granted by Constitution

•Strict v. loose interpretation

Bank gets ok’d• Splits politics by party• Anti-Federalists turn into Democratic-Republicans

Challenges of 1790s• French Revolution—join or not?• Washington says neutrality is best

• Proclamation April 1793• Jay’s Treaty & Pinckney’s Treaty• Resolution (1794) of issues between US

& Britain over payment for seized ships and damages• Britain agrees to leave forts in NW

territory• Pinckney’s Treaty (1795) peacefully settles

boundary disputes between US and Spain over Florida territory

Whiskey Rebellion• 1794 Pennsylvania farmers object

to Hamilton’s tax on whiskey by attacking barns and tax collectors

• Washington sends militia to put down rebellion

Conflict in NW Territory with

Native Americans

Challenges for President Adams• 1796 Washington steps down after 2

terms gives farewell address, warns about political parties• John Adams elected• Adams wants to improve US/France

relationship—not popular• XYZ affair

•French diplomats demand bribes•US becomes more suspicious of France

Jefferson’s Presidency• Election of 1800 passes parties

(Federalist to Democratic Republican), ends in tie

• Per Constitution, House of Reps decidesJefferson is elected as President• Passes 12th Amendment

Marbury v. Madison• Establishes that Supreme Court has

right to declare laws unconstitutional (Judicial Review)

Louisiana Purchase• 1803 purchase land from France,

doubles US size• the action expands powers of

presidency by using IMPLICIT power

Lewis & Clark commissioned to

explore the new land, ends Nov.

1805

War of 1812•Causes• US in the middle of European war• US ships being seized and press ganged• British gives aid to Native Americans to fight against Americans

• Effects• Respect for US worldwide• Nationalism in US citizens• Increase in US jobs, manufacturing, etc• Less issues with Native Americans• Andrew Jackson gains hero status after victory at Battle of New Orleans