Webinar 4 on resilience: SHOCK-RESPONSIVE SOCIAL PROTECTION FOR RESILIENCE BUILDING: supporting livelihoods in protracted crises, fragile and humanitarian contexts

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Social Protection for Enhanced Resilience: Supporting Livelihoods in Protracted Crises, Fragile and Humanitarian Contexts

02/08/2016

Presentation Overview

• FAO and Social Protection: Rationale for engagement and contribution

• Social protection and resilience

• FAO’s contribution (based on the Position Paper) to global and country-level agenda

Social Protection: From Protection to Production

Social protection as a Corporate Priority for FAO

• 148th Session of FAO Council (December 2013): Note to inform Council on FAO’s work and approach to Social Protection

• Strategic Framework (Rural poverty; Food Security Nutrition; Resilience)• FAO Social Protection Framework (*Forthcoming)

Rationale for FAO’s engagement:• Solid evidence on the role social protection plays in strategic areas of

FAO’s work• AG and NRM niche, linking SP with AG with CASH+ approaches

• *Position Paper (FAO and IDS)


Why social protection

Risk management strategy • Manage risk; reduce negative coping mechanisms

Poverty reduction strategy• Strategy to eliminate hunger, and contribute to all dimensions of food

security• Addressing the social and economic determinants of malnutrition• Helping to accelerate progress toward reducing rural poverty• Reduce economic barriers to access essential services (social, financial, etc)

Inclusive growth strategy and resilience• Strengthening the capacity of households to cope, managed and withstand

shocks and (natural and man-made) disasters• In addition to social impacts, social protection enhances the economic and

productive capacity of even the poorest of the poor• Empowerment tool (for those excluded, including poor, women, youth, etc.


FAO work in social protection – Thematic areas

Expansion of Coverage of

Social Protection to rural poor

Advocacy, analytical work (Economic case for expansion)Barriers to access; options for expansionLink farmers registries with SP MIS

Social Protection and Agriculture

Nutrition Sensitive Social

Protection

Policy, advocacy Evidence generation and uptakeOperational linkagesCapacity development

Social Protection and resilience:

protracted crises, humanitarian and

fragile contextsGlobal and country level advocacy Operational support, including on cash-based and cash+ programmingOperational research

Policy, advocacy (linking with Regional Initiatives in RLC, RAP, RAF)Evidence generation Operational linkages

Policy and operational support (country level), Knowledge and evidence generation, Capacity development, Communication, visibility and advocacy, Partnerships, resource mobilization


Humanitarian Action

Social Protection

disaster

Risk Preparedness

Ex Ante Preventive measures

Risk Response

Protective measures for recovery

Risk reduction

Promotive, transformative and adaptive measures


Context and drivers and niche 1. Context: The humanitarian system is under unprecedented strain as

• increased complexity and recurrence of humanitarian crises,• massive population movements due to distress migration, forced and protracted

displacement,• limited financial capacity to effectively meet humanitarian appeals• Poverty and crises link: majority of people living in extreme poverty live in

politically fragile or environmentally vulnerable contexts (or both) UN global humanitarian appeal increased from $3.4 billion in 2003 to $18.7 billion

in 2015 (550%), but the shortfall in response in 2014 reached 40%

2. Global momentum around the role of SP in humanitarian and fragile contexts • Social Protection in the context of the WHS; IASC, and other• SPIAC-B working group on SP and resilience work, (with WB, DFID, UNICEF, WFP,

ECHO)• Increasing research/evidence on the role of Sock Responsive Social Protection

(SRSP), SPIAC-B, OPM, DFID, CALP, IDS


FAO value added in Global Social Protection agenda

• Economic case for social protection: Evidence• Advocating for the effective reach of the rural poor and expansion of SP • Contributing to operationalizing linkages between SP and agriculture

and NRM (social protection+)• Widening the audience of social protection: Facilitating dialogue

between social and agriculture, natural resource management and resilience-related sectors

• Developing analyses investigating the specific components of vulnerabilities that threaten natural resources and agricultural based livelihoods linking them to the social protection strategies (eg: RIMA)

• Direct programme implementation in emergency and complex contexts,



FAO commitments on WHS- Social protection

- Scaling up its work on the role of cash-based interventions and social protection in fragile contexts, as well as engagement in social protection work, through operational research on CASH+, and livelihoods work in over 15 countries by 2017.

- Building and strengthening strategic partnerships with national and sub-national governments, local actors as well as UN partners to enhance their capacity to effectively address prevention and response to crises, including through shock-responsive social protection systems.

- SP and migration: Support the development of innovative approaches for the “self-reliance of refugees and IDPs, through portable skills, viable employment opportunities, sustainable socio-economic entrepreneurship, and livelihood diversification” and strengthen capacity o identify and address the relevant drivers and triggers of forced displacement”- what is the role of Social protection in forced displacement?


FAO niche Concrete and specific FAO niche on Social Protection and Cash:

1. Cash based interventions for families who depend on agriculture for their livelihoods (in humanitarian and emergency contexts)

2. CASH+ interventions in humanitarian and complex contexts, including forced displacement (Cash+ interventions consist in complementing provision of cash transfers with in-kind agricultural productive interventions, and/or technical training and extension services) – linking SP-RES-AG and Sustainable NRM

3. Risk-informed and shock-responsive social protection systems (bringing the environmental, rural and livelihoods dimensions)

Facilitate policy dialogue and transactional capacity development among national ministries in charge of social policies, rural development, (Agriculture, Livestock, Fishery, Forestry) and natural resources management

Shock-responsive Social Protection

Social Protection: From Protection to ProductionSocial Protection: From Protection to Production

Elements to considered for an SP system to be Risk informed and Shock Responsive

• Design and implementation informed by multi-dimensional risk and vulnerability analysis• flexible to allow the scale-up of support in case of threats and crisis (without the need to set-up

and additional ad-hoc system for the response to a punctual disaster).• Contributing to resilience building; acting to minimize negative coping strategies, mitigate

negative impacts, while promoting sustainable practices• Addressing needs of host communities, as well as displaced populations in times of crises

Option DescriptionVertical expansion Increasing the benefit value or duration of an existing programme. May include:

- Adjustment of transfer amounts - Introduction of extraordinary payments or transfers

Horizontal expansion Adding new beneficiaries to an existing programme. May include: - Extension of the geographical coverage of an existing programme - Extraordinary enrolment campaign- Modifications of entitlement rules - Relaxation of requirements / conditionality

Piggybacking Using a social protection intervention’s administrative framework, but running the shock-response programme separately. May include the introduction of a new policy

Shadow alignment Developing a parallel humanitarian system that aligns as best as possible with a current or possible future social protection programme

Refocusing In case of a budget cut, adjusting the social protection system to refocus assistance on groups most vulnerable to the shock


Scale-up options

Source: OPM, 2015, SHOCK-RESPONSIVE SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS. A research programme for DFID


Support countries to make SP systems responsive to threats and crisis (expansion)

Our role: technical inputs to ensure the dimensions of the protection of livelihoods (in AG) are covered

Stable context with SP system already in place

Design and implementation of Cash and CASH+ interventions -where feasible in coordination with national institutions

Our role: definition of the "PLUS" in AG contexts

Fragile contexts with no SP system in place

Vulnerability analysis TargetingGeneration of evidence

Our role: adding social and economic variables To the CC and HUM ones

Rationale within Social Protection and resilience

N. Type of SP FAO intervention: protecting livelihoods and building resilience

1

Shattered or severely weakened system

• Design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of emergency response interventions• Assess their potential replication or use to develop a nascent social protection programme and/or livelihood

support structure.

2

Nascent social assistance system

• Assessment of nascent structures, and their potential scale-up and use for the delivery of livelihood support or cash in a more predictable basis.

• Establishment of robust multi-sector monitoring and information systems to enhance programme targeting in the event of a recurrent crisis

3

State SP system unable to respond to repeated crises

• Support the integration of livelihood dimensions to the targeting system and expansion of coverage to rural areas

• Enhance the capacity of the system to effectively respond to predictable crises. • Where possible, strengthen delivery capacity at national and sub-national levels.

4

Limited shock-responsive SP system

• Upstream policy work, capacity building knowledge dissemination, • Operationalize linkages between social protection and productive and agricultural development, including

the promotion of climate smart and sustainable practices. • Analysis, early warning and vulnerability analysis to trigger mechanisms in the SP system.• Minimal resources should go to on-the-ground parallel interventions, unless there is a strong case for testing

an innovative model or it is necessary to implement on-the-ground but is done jointly through government at all levels.

5

Highly shock responsive SP system

• Strengthen the linkages between social protection and agriculture development, including priorization of upstream policy work, knowledge and evidence generation,

• Facilitation of south-south collaboration so that countries can learn about experience and operational dynamics of shock-responsive systems.

Rationale in practice

Assessment of the role of social protection systems in improving food security on agricultural households using panel data from household budgets surveys, including the publication of a paper. • Preliminary analysis conducted for a set of countries

with nationally representative panel data (Malawi, Ethiopia, South Africa, Nigeria, Tanzania and Mexico)

• South Africa and Malawi were selected for assessing the impact of social protection systems on food security.

• Abstract submitted to the SYMPOSIUM "SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS - TYING THE KNOTS", which will be held in Bonn on the 5-6/ September 2016.


FAO interventions will vary according a set of different parameters, including

• Types of threats and crises,• Specificities of the territory, • Types of livelihood and seasonality,• Coordination with donors and governments;• Human capital and community cohesion

SRSP– Entry points


1. Targeting: Strengthening targeting methodologies to include economic (wealth and income) as well as conflict, FSN and environmental-related criteria. Food security, nutrition and environmental data analysis (eg: FSNAU in Somalia’s CFW; Lesotho NISSA)

2. Strengthening the resilience and poverty reduction impact Cash based and CASH + interventions

3. Promoting of sustainable agriculture: Public works, can be designed to contribute to meet increase household income, while at the same time engaging communities in climate smart agriculture and generating of ‘green jobs’ in areas such as waste management, reforestation, sustainable forest management and soil erosion prevention; Extension/training component of CASH+ CFW in Somalia contributing to rehabilitation of rural infrastructure and exploring linkage with NRM for next phase

4. Trigger events: Especially for predictable hazards, it is necessary to ensure that there are information systems in place for early warning - early action systems in place. FAO’s extensive work in Early Action and Early Warning

5. New technologies: Smart cards, local bank expansion, digital registration systems, and advanced technical capacity at local government level – are enabling to reach economies at scale FAO’s experience in electronic vouchers and other new technologies

6. Strengthening the capacity at local and community level: In many instances, community-based or member-based mechanisms are the first source of response during crisis• FAO experience in local and community level strengthening (CDR) and other)

Challenges


• Role of governments: when, how, to what extent; implications in terms of netutrality, capacity, and other (particularly in conflict-related emergencies)• Weak information quality and access: Fragile and conflict-affected regions are difficult places in which to operate. Data

availability is poor, staff turnover is higher, access is often constrained and insecurity makes monitoring and accountability challenging. • Immediate response vs. building capacity: As expediency takes precedence in addressing emergency needs in the wake of

disasters, systems must be built while demands for lifesaving assistance are being met

• Additional issues: The institutional viability of absorbing the additional case load; Whether the type and location of those people affected by the shock overlaps with the caseload and geographic

location of the existing programme; Existing administrative architecture for early warning, contingency planning, pre-positioning of resources, and a

mechanism at local level to target effectively; Clear understanding of how, when and why the emergency response mechanism should be triggered; Ensuring no exclusion due to political incentives that could prevent meeting the humanitarian imperative and

upholding all humanitarian principles.

Conclusions and Key messages


• Strong need for innovative solutions and stronger partnerships• FAO is actively part of global, regional and country discussions to define common, context-specific and cost

effective frameworks for prevention and response– where SP and cash-based interventions play a key role• Direct donor/partner implementation is many times unavoidable but even in these cases, push for nascent

systems• When possible, use and strengthen the response capacity of existing national structures– key ingredient for

sustainability

• FAO identified concrete niches and contribution to joint efforts:• Adding FSN, conflict and environmental dimensions to SP targeting in protracted crises• Linking EA/EW systems with SP MIS• CASH based and CASH + (enhancing the poverty reduction and resilience building dimension of SP)• Strengthening implementation capacity- national, sub-national and community-based actors• Evidence generation- what are the most effective models to scale-up; making the economic and resilience

case

Many thanks

http://www.fao.org/social-protection/en/




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Webinar 4 on resilience: SHOCK-RESPONSIVE SOCIAL PROTECTION FOR RESILIENCE BUILDING: supporting livelihoods in protracted crises, fragile and humanitarian contexts