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Western Civilization
Session 4Renaissance and Reformation Part 1
IS-VNU
Mr. Mike Beard
Western CivilizationWestern Civilization
• What is “Renaissance”? What is “Renaissance”? • What influenced the Renaissance? What influenced the Renaissance? • Renaissance ThemesRenaissance Themes• Renaissance Art: Paintings, SculpturesRenaissance Art: Paintings, Sculpturesand Architecture and Architecture
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationRenaissance = RebirthRenaissance = Rebirth
School of Athens, Raphael 1510
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationRebirthRebirth of Ancient Greeks and Romansof Ancient Greeks and Romans
School of Athens, Raphael 1510
Plato
AristotleSocratesAlexander the Great
PythagorasHeraclitus
Raphael
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationRebirthRebirth
Rediscovery of the Greeks and Rediscovery of the Greeks and RomansRomansArt, Literature, Science, Art, Literature, Science, Philosophy...,Philosophy...,
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationChanges that led to the RenaissanceChanges that led to the Renaissance
Crusaders brought Crusaders brought back knowledge of the back knowledge of the ancient arts, sciences ancient arts, sciences and philosophy that and philosophy that had been preserved by had been preserved by the Islamic Golden the Islamic Golden AgeAge
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationChanges that led to the RenaissanceChanges that led to the Renaissance
1100 AD – Paper manufacture began in 1100 AD – Paper manufacture began in Spain Spain
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationChanges that led to the RenaissanceChanges that led to the Renaissance
1450 AD – Gutenberg's Printing Press1450 AD – Gutenberg's Printing Press
1455 AD – Gutenberg Bible1st Major Book Printed
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationChanges that led to the RenaissanceChanges that led to the Renaissance
1304-1374 AD – 1304-1374 AD – PetrarchPetrarch
Father of HumanismFather of Humanism
Writing focused on this Writing focused on this world not heavenworld not heaven
Wrote in Italian Wrote in Italian vernacular vernacular (common (common language)language)
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationChanges that led to the RenaissanceChanges that led to the Renaissance
1215 AD1215 AD – The Magna CartaThe Magna CartaRequired King John of England to proclaim certain Required King John of England to proclaim certain libertiesliberties
Stated that the king's will was not arbitrary (limited Stated that the king's will was not arbitrary (limited the power of the king)the power of the king)
No "freeman" (in the sense of non-serf) could be No "freeman" (in the sense of non-serf) could be punished except through the law of the land, a punished except through the law of the land, a right which is still in existence todayright which is still in existence today
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationChanges that led to the RenaissanceChanges that led to the Renaissance
Patrons of the ArtsPatrons of the ArtsWealthy families like the Wealthy families like the Medicis of Florence Medicis of Florence began to began to commissioncommission works of artworks of art
CommissionCommission – to authorize and – to authorize and fund somethingfund something
Portrait of Lorenzo de' Medici
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationChanges that led to the RenaissanceChanges that led to the Renaissance
Patrons of the Patrons of the ArtsArts
Art Patrons were often Art Patrons were often painted into the works painted into the works they commissionedthey commissioned
The donors (patrons) of Masaccio's painting Holy Trinity (1427 AD)
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationChanges that led to the RenaissanceChanges that led to the Renaissance
Scientific RevolutionScientific RevolutionCopernicus and GalileoCopernicus and Galileo
The Scientific Method The Scientific Method
Focus Empirical Evidence Focus Empirical Evidence
Aristotle's LogicAristotle's Logic
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationChanges that led to the RenaissanceChanges that led to the Renaissance
Religious Authority Religious Authority QuestionedQuestioned
Abusive Authority of the Abusive Authority of the ChurchChurch
Indulgences Indulgences
Increased Papal Authority Increased Papal Authority and Abusesand Abuses
Nepotism Nepotism
Pope Alexander VI
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationKey Themes & Ideas of the Renaissance:Key Themes & Ideas of the Renaissance:
Focus on this WorldFocus on this World
Early Medieval Painting of the Death of Christ
High Renaissance Painting of the Death of Christ 1507 by Raphael
Western Western CivilizationCivilization
Key Themes & Ideas of the Key Themes & Ideas of the Renaissance:Renaissance:HumanismHumanism
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationKey Themes & Ideas of the Renaissance:Key Themes & Ideas of the Renaissance:
Appearance vs. RealityAppearance vs. Reality
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationKey Themes & Ideas of the Renaissance:Key Themes & Ideas of the Renaissance:
Greeks & RomansGreeks & Romans
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationKey Themes & Ideas of the Renaissance:Key Themes & Ideas of the Renaissance:
ReformationReformation
Martin Luther John Calvin
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArtArt
1401 Competition 1401 Competition for Baptistry Doors for Baptistry Doors in Florence, Italyin Florence, ItalyLorenzo Ghiberti and Lorenzo Ghiberti and Filippo Brunelleschi Filippo Brunelleschi asked to make a asked to make a sample panel for the sample panel for the doors in bronzedoors in bronze
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArtArt
Competition Panels: Sacrifice of IsaacCompetition Panels: Sacrifice of Isaac
Filippo Brunelleschi's Panel Lorenzo Ghiberti's Panel
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArt: Art: Ghiberti WonGhiberti Won
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArtArt
PaintingPaintingFrescoFresco - pigment - pigment mixed with water on a mixed with water on a thin layer of wet, thin layer of wet, fresh, plasterfresh, plasterFresco means “fresh”Fresco means “fresh”
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArtArt
PaintingPainting
TemperaTempera – mixed dry – mixed dry powdered pigments into powdered pigments into a binding agent or a binding agent or medium, such as egg, medium, such as egg, glue, honey, water, milkglue, honey, water, milk
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArtArt
PaintingPainting
Oil Oil - painting with - painting with pigments that are bound pigments that are bound with a medium of drying with a medium of drying oiloil
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArtArt
Painting: Giotto Painting: Giotto (1266–1337)(1266–1337)
1310 - Ognissanti Madonna - Fresco
Western Western CivilizationCivilization
ArtArtPainting: Giotto Painting: Giotto
(1266–1337)(1266–1337)
1305 –1305 – Flight to Egypt Flight to Egypt - - FrescoFresco
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArtArt
Painting: Giotto (1266–1337)Painting: Giotto (1266–1337)
1305 – Kiss of Judas - Fresco
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArtArt
Painting: Masaccio (1401-1428)Painting: Masaccio (1401-1428)
1425 - The Tribute Money - Fresco
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArtArt
Painting: Masaccio (1401-1428)Painting: Masaccio (1401-1428)
1426-271426-27Expulsion from the GardenExpulsion from the GardenFrescoFresco 1427 - Holy Trinity
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArtArt
Painting: Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510)Painting: Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510)
1482 – Primavera - Tempera on Panel
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArtArt
Painting: Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510)Painting: Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510)
1483 – Venus and Mars - Tempera on Panel
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArt Art Painting: Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510)Painting: Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510)
1486 – The Birth of Venus - Tempera on Panel
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArt Art Painting: Painting:
Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)(1452-1519)
1512 – Self Portrait
1505-08 – Madonna of the Rocks
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArt Art Painting: Painting:
Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)(1452-1519)
1498 – The Last Supper
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArt Art Painting: Painting:
Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)(1452-1519)
1503-05 – Mona Lisa
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArt Art Painting: Painting:
Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)(1452-1519)
1508-12 – Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArt Art Painting: Painting:
Michelangelo (1475-1564)Michelangelo (1475-1564)
1508-12 – Creation of Man
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArt Art Painting: Michelangelo (1475-1564)Painting: Michelangelo (1475-1564)
1508-12 – The Fall and Expulsion
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArt Art Painting: Michelangelo (1475-1564)Painting: Michelangelo (1475-1564)
The Holy Family
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArt Art Painting: Michelangelo (1475-1564)Painting: Michelangelo (1475-1564)
The Last Judgement
Western Western CivilizationCivilizationArt Art Painting: Painting: Michelangelo Michelangelo (1475-1564)(1475-1564)
1499-1502The Resurrection of Christ
Western Western CivilizationCivilization
Art Art Painting: Painting: Raphael Raphael
(1483-1520)(1483-1520)
1507The Deposition of Christ
Western Western CivilizationCivilization
Art Art Painting: Painting: Raphael Raphael
(1483-1520)(1483-1520)
1514Portrait of Bindo Altoviti
Western Western CivilizationCivilization
Art Art Painting: Painting: Raphael Raphael
(1483-1520)(1483-1520)
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArt Art
Painting: Triangular CompositionPainting: Triangular Composition
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArt Art
Painting: Triangular CompositionPainting: Triangular Composition
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArt – Art – Painting: Triangular CompositionPainting: Triangular Composition
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArt – Art – Painting: Triangular CompositionPainting: Triangular Composition
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationSculptureSculpture
1440 – DavidDonatello
1504 – DavidMichelangelo
Bronze
StoneMarble
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationRenaissance ArchitectureRenaissance Architecture
Geometry Symmetry Domes Decorated Ceilings Clear Glass Windows
Western Western CivilizationCivilization
Renaissance ArchitectureRenaissance Architecture
GeometryGeometryExploration of Exploration of shapes and lines in shapes and lines in buildingsbuildings
Western Western CivilizationCivilization
Renaissance ArchitectureRenaissance Architecture
SymmetrySymmetryLeft and Right sides Left and Right sides of buildings were of buildings were often mirror often mirror images of each images of each other other
SymmetrySymmetry
SymmetrySymmetry
SymmetrySymmetry
Not only was the Not only was the facade (front of the facade (front of the building) building) symmetrical, but symmetrical, but often the entire often the entire building was building was symmetricalsymmetrical
SymmetrySymmetry
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationRenaissance ArchitectureRenaissance Architecture
DomesDomesDome shape roofs Dome shape roofs
appear oftenappear oftenDirect influence by Direct influence by
Islamic Golden Age Islamic Golden Age ArchitectureArchitecture
Renaissance DomesRenaissance Domes
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationRenaissance ArchitectureRenaissance Architecture
Decorated CeilingsDecorated CeilingsSimilar to Islamic Similar to Islamic Mosques, Renaissance Mosques, Renaissance buildings displayed buildings displayed artistic designs and artistic designs and paintings on their paintings on their ceilingsceilings
Decorated CeilingsDecorated Ceilings
Decorated CeilingsDecorated Ceilings
Decorated Decorated CeilingsCeilings
Decorated CeilingsDecorated Ceilings
Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationRenaissance ArchitectureRenaissance Architecture
Clear Glass WindowsClear Glass WindowsMedieval widows were often stained glass. Medieval widows were often stained glass. Renaissance buildings often use many clear glass Renaissance buildings often use many clear glass window to bring lots of light into the building window to bring lots of light into the building
Clear Glass WindowsClear Glass WindowsRenaissance ArchitectureRenaissance Architecture