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This slides explain the kinds of word-formation processes in English Morphology. This also a PPT version of a pdf-slideshare "A Concise Companion of Word-formation". Check its pdf for detail discussions.
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Word-formationMorphology
Word-formation
A creation of a new word
Through Derivation or Compounding
Derivation vs. Compounding
Derivation Compounding
Affixations play a vital
role
It is joining two
separate words
It derives new words
from prefixes and
affixes
No affixes is needed in
this process
English affixations
consist of only Prefixes
& Suffixes
Affixation vs. Non-affixation
Affixation Non-affixation
It involves affixes No affixes is needed
Affixation process
consists of prefixes &
suffixes
It consists of coinage,
eponyms, borrowing,
blending, clipping,
backformation,
conversion, acronyms
& initialisms
Prefix vs. Suffix
Prefix Suffix
It is added to the
beginning of a word to
change its meaning
and make a new word
It is added to the end
of a word to change its
function, making it into
a different part of
speech
Click here to view the
examples
Coinage
It is totally the invention of new words
Most typical sources are invented trade names for commercial products
Examples:
Eponyms
It is generating new words based on the name of a person or a place
Examples:
1)The word “sandwich” is from the 18th century Earl of Sandwich who first insisted on having his bread and meat together while gambling
2)The word “jeans” which is derived from the Italian city of Genoa where the type of cloth was first made
Borrowing
English takes a word from another language.
Examples:
croissant (French)
piano (Italian)
sofa (Arabic)
tattoo (Tahitian)
yogurt (Turkish)
Blending
A combination of two separate forms to produce a single new term
Examples:
breakfast + lunch → brunch
smoke + fog → smog
information + entertainment → infotainment
Clipping
Creating new words by shortening already existing words
Examples:
information → info
advertisement → ad
facsimile → fax
refrigerator → fridge
Backformation
A very specialized type of reduction process
It is due to misconceptions of morphological analysis
Examples:
editor → to edit
sculptor → to sculpt
donation → to donate
Conversion
A change in the function of a word, as for example when a noun comes to be used as a verb (without any reduction)
Examples:
Someone has to chair the meeting.
Goggles are a must for skiing while it’s snowing.
My wife wants to buy a see-through blouse.
Acronyms & Initialisms
It is when the first letters of words that make up a name or a phrase are used to create a new word
In acronyms, the new word is pronounced as a word, rather than as a series of letters
In initialisms, the new word is pronounced as a series of letters
Examples: NATO, CIA, HIV, ATM, PIN, ID, radar, laser, Interpol, etc.
Compounding
It is a joining of two separate words to produce a single form
Examples:
wallpaper
textbook
fingerprint
YouTube
Further reading
Bauer, L. 2001. Vocabulary. New York, NY: Routledge
Fromkin, V, Rodman, R, and Hyams, N. 2011. An Introduction to Language (9th Edition). Boston, MA: Wadsworth
Lieber, R. 2009. Introducing Morphology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Plag, I. 2002. Word-Formation in English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Yule, G. 2010. The Study of Language (4th Edition).Cambridge: Cambridge University Press