LIGHTING DESIGN

Commercial & Residential

Design

Submitted By:

Yasmeen. S ,B-Sc I.D

Commercial Space Designer

• Color temperature is a characteristic of visible light. In practice, color

temperature is only meaningful for light sources that do in fact correspond

somewhat closely to the radiation of some black body.

• The color temperature of the electromagnetic radiation emitted from an ideal

black body is defined as its surface temperature in KELVINS.

• Color temperatures over 5,000K are called cool colors( bluish white),while lower

color temperatures(2,700-3,000K) are called warm colors (yellowish white through

red).

COLOR TEMPERATURE

OUTDOOR/INDOOR

COLOR TEMPERATURE

Color temperature:

-Defined as the tone of light or how the light looks in terms of

Whiteness

-Higher the color temperature =whiter/cooler the light source

-Unit measurement=Kelvin(K)

COLOR TEMPERATURE

OUTDOOR/INDOOR

The color rendering index (CRI),sometimes called color retention index

Is a quantitative measure of the ability of a light source to reproduce the

Colors of various objects faithfully in comparison with an ideal or natural light source.

Color rendering: effect of an illuminant on the color appearance of objects by

conscious or subconscious comparison with their color appearance under a

reference illuminant.

Finishes should be evaluated under the type of lamp(lamp and/or daylight0 which

will actually be used in the interiors.

COLOR rendition depends on lamp color spectrum, reflective property of surfaces

And context and condition in room.

Judgment of apparent surface color depends also on the experience and

expectations of an individual with normal color vision.

COLOR TEMPERATURE

OUTDOOR/INDOOR

Lumen ?

A measure of the total "amount" of visible light emitted by a source.

Candela ?

It is equivalent to the Illumination of one standard candle.

Foot Candela ?

The amount of Illumination on the surface from a light source of

one candela i.e. a foot away from surface.

Lux

One Lux is the amount of illumination created by a light source of

one candela i.e. one meter away from the surface.

One Foot Candela = One Lumen per Sq Foot

One Lux= One Lumen per Sq Foot

Activity Foot Candles Lux

Hallways 5-7 55-75

Entertaining 10-20 110-215

Dining 10-20 110-215

Easy Reading 20-50 215-540

Bathroom 20-50 215-540

Kitchen Basic

Lighting

20-50 215-540

Food Preparation 50-100 540-1075

Difficult Reading or

Writing

50-100 540-1075

General Workshop 50-100 540-1075

Fine or Detailed

Work

100-200 1075-2150

Today's World Prefer use CFL and LED’s

Why ?

Due to Energy Efficiency & Energy Costs

LED 329 KWh/yr

CFL 767 KWh/yr

Incandescent Light Bulb 3285 KWh/yr

Life Span

LED 50,000 hours

CFL 8,000 hours

Incandescent Light Bulb 1,200 hours

Environmental Impact

Carbon Dioxide Emissions(30 bulbs per year)

LED 451 pounds/year

CFL 1051 pounds/year

Incandescent Light Bulb 4500

pounds/year

Efficacy

The amount of light useable from an emanating fixture

Color Temperature

A method of describing the colour characteristics of light, usually

either warm (yellowish) or cool (bluish), and measuring it in degrees of

Kelvin (°K).

CRI(Color Retention Index)

When there is less CRI then the object on which it is

focused looks dull

When there is More CRI then the object on which it is

focused looks Bright

Light fixture is integral part of building electrical system , transforming energy

Into usable illumination.

Light fixture requires: electrical connection (power supply), lamp holder, lamp (design

to diffuse, reflect, focus light).

Form of lighting fixture, lighting source, light illumination: point sources, linear

sources, planar sources, volumetric sources.

LIGHTING FIXTURES

LIGHTING LUMINAIRE

An assembly used to house one or more light sources.

Also called lighting fixture.

LIGHTING LUMINAIRE

OUTDOOR/INDOOR

CLASSIFICATION OF LUMINARIES

• Recessed

• Ceiling Mounted

• Track Mounted

• Wall Mounted

• Suspended

• Architectural

• Portable

• Pole Mounted

• Bollard

• Outdoor

• Wall washer

• Ceiling washer

• Floor washer

• Up-lighters

• Down-Lighters

• Spot-lights

Wash Lights

Wash lights are designed to provide

uniform lighting over extensive

surfaces mainly wall ceilings and

floors, therefore. They are

included in the group down lights

and louvered luminaries although

wash light do not have there

luminary forms

Wash Lights

Wash Lights

Wash Lights

Wash Lights

Wash Lights

Ceiling Wash Lights

Ceiling Wash Lights

Ceiling Wash Lights

FLOOR WASH LIGHTS

FLOOR WASH LIGHTS

Integral Luminaries

Integral Luminaries

Integral Luminaries

Spot Lights

Spot Lights

Wall washers

Wall washers

LIGHT STRUCTURE

Light

Omni

Light

Spot

Light

Ascent

Light

Omni Lighting

Spot Lighting

Ascent Lighting

CLASSIFICATION OF LUMINARIES

Suspended

luminaire

Bollard

luminaire

Wall

mounted

Recessed

luminaire

Track mounted

luminaire

Floor

mounted

Decorative

luminaire

Portable

luminaire

Categories of luminaires

• Direct:90-100% downward

• Semi direct: 60-90% downward

• General diffuse:40-60% both downward and upward

• Direct-Indirect: Little light is emitted in the Horizontal plane

• Semi-Indirect: Providing 60-90% of its output upward

• Indirect: Providing 90-100% of its Luminous output upward.

POINT LIGHT SOURCE

Focus on object or area great Brightness contrast Highlight, Sparkle or Rhythm

LINEAR LIGHT SOURCE

Given direction, outline shapes Emphasize the Edges

PLANAR LIGHT SOURCE

Surface

Repeated Linear

Diffused Illumination

Of Area

VOLUMETRIC LIGHT

SOURCE

Light as volumetric illumination

Expanded through 3-dimensional

Forms of lamps

GENERAL LIGHTING

DECORATIVE LIGHTING

TASK LIGHTING

KINETIC LIGHTING

ARTIFICIAL LIGHT SOURCES

• Incandescent Lamps

• Fluorescent Lamps

• High-intensity Discharge Lamps

• Mercury Lamps

• Metal Halide Lamps

• High Pressure Sodium Lamps

• Low Pressure Sodium Lamps

• Electro-Luminescent lamps

• Light Emitting Diodes(LED0

• Carbon arc Lamps

• Gaslights

INCANDESCENT LAMP

What?

Hotwire-Filament sealed

In a Glass jar(Bulb)

How?

Electric Current pass through

The wire heats it to Incandescent,

And the wire emits Light. Use

Standard voltage Circuit.

INCANDESCENT LAMP

1.Glass bulb

2.Vacuum or Gas filled

3.Wire/ Filament

4,5.Lead-in wires

6.Support wires

7.Neck

8,11.Electric Fuse

9.Base

Advantages:

1.Less Expensive

2.Easier to dim with

Rheostats

3.Warmer color than

Fluorescent and tungsten

-Halogen lamps

4.Light output is Relatively

High

5.Excellent color rendering

6.Can be dimmed

Disadvantages:

1.Energy inefficient

2.Short lamp life time

3.Warm Source

INCANDESCENT LAMP

Shape of Lamps:

Around 100 combinations of Glass and Quartz

Bulb Shapes and sizes.

SYMBOLS:1ST Part=one or more Letters Indicates the Shape of the Bulb

2ND part= Number, indicates diameter of the Bulb in Eights of an Inch

Example:A19=Arbitrary Shaped,19/8 inch Diameter.

INCANDESCENT LAMP

Examples:

.General Lighting

Service

(GLS)

Parabolic Aluminum

Reflector

(PAR)

Metal Reflector

(MR)

INCANDESCENT LAMP

Base Identification:

1.Small Base : Bayonet, Biped , Candelabra,

Intermediate , Miniature , Mini-Candelabra,

Twist-and-lock ,Two-pin

2.Medium Base

3.Large Base: Mogul screw, Mogul Bipods

INCANDESCENT LAMP

INCANDESCENT LAMP

INCANDESCENT LAMP

LAMP LIFE TIME:

1.Standard - life lamp: High temperature for the filament to operates, emits more light,

Shorter life time-”burns out”

2.Long life lamp: given wattage produces less light, designed for longer life

LIGHT PRODUCED (LUMENS, lm)

LAMP EFFICIENCY= ______________________________

ELECTRICITY CONSUMED(WATTS W)

LIGHT OUTPUT: Insert gas ( argon, nitrogen, krypton) slows bulb blackening caused by

Condensation on the bulb wall.

INCANDESCENT LAMP

Bulbs are sold by WATTS-Measure of power consumed

Lumens tells how much Light lamp emits

Hours of Operations is produced life-time(750-1000h,upto 2500h for extended

Service lamps)

Energy Saving Lamps-Reduced wattage, reduced Light output

INCANDESCENT LAMP

Lamp Types:

1.NON DIRECTIONAL(emits light in all directions – A, C, G, P, PS, S and T Shapes,

requires additional external elements for brightness, glare and distribution control)

2.SEMI DIRECTIONAL(silver brown or white bowl lamps, coating on inner side of bulb

, reduce filament glare)

3.DIRECTIONAL(complete optical system: source, reflector, lens or filament shield,

R, AR, MR, PAR built-in beam control)

INCANDESCENT LAMP

INCANDESCENT LAMP

INCANDESCENT LAMP

INCANDESCENT LAMP

INCANDESCENT LAMP

What?

Selected gas of the halogen

family.

How?

Halogen gas combines with

Tungsten molecules that

sputter of the filament

deposits Tungsten back on the

filament and emits constant

level of light.

TUNGSTEN-HALOGEN

A halogen bulb has a filament made of

Tungsten , which glows when electricity is

Applied, same as a regular incandescent

Bulb.

The halogen gas removes the carbon deposits

On the inside of the bulb , caused by the burning

of the tungsten filament, and redeposit it back

on

To the filament, resulting in a light bulb.

TUNGSTEN-HALOGEN

High operating temperature

500c,high color temperature

Quartz instead of glass

Equipped with outer bulb,

Glass cover , mesh screen.

TUNGSTEN –HALOGEN

Advantages:

1.High color temperature make them “WHITER” than Standard

incandescent lamps

2.Longer life time

3.Great efficiency

4.Compact in shape and size

They come in many shapes and sizes, some directional others not, some

quite

Small others the size of regular bulbs, some fit into normal sockets and

voltages to

work

TUNGSTEN –HALOGEN

There are many different types of (single ended) TH lamp, the most common ones

Are G9 capsule lamp,GU10 spot lamp and linear Halogen lamps which are all

Domestic mains voltage , and G4 capsule lamp,(integral reflector) MR16, MR11

Spot lamps which are low voltage lamps.

TUNGSTEN –HALOGEN

LOW VOLTAGE LAMPS

.Low voltage lamps-incandescent and tungsten-halogen lamps that operate

Between 6V and 75V.

.Standard building current of 115V-125V must be stepped down by the use of

Transformer.

.Low voltage luminaries with integrated transformers are

Large in size and bulkier.

.Practical system is line-voltage equipment.

LOW VOLTAGE LAMPS

COLORED LIGHT BULBS

COLORED FILETERS

GELATIN FILTERS(“GELS”)

Thin transparent colored plastic sheet in wide variety of colors ,as well as multicolored

And diffused sheets.

Short service life- color fades rapidly.

INCANDESCENT FILTERS

DISCHARGE LAMPS

What?

Gas, Phosphor, Cathode , discharge

How?

Light is produced by passage of an

Electric current through vapor or gas,

Rather than through a tungsten wire as in

INCANDESCENT LAMP

FLUORESCENT LAMP

FLUORESCENT LAMP

The classic fluorescent lamp design, which has fallen mostly by the wayside,

Used a special starter switch mechanism to light up the tube.

The conventional starter switch is a small discharge bulb, containing neon or

Some other gas. The bulb has two electrodes positioned right next to each other

When Electricity is initially passed through the bypass circuit, an electric arc jumps

Between these electrodes to make a connection .

This arc lights the bulb in the same

Way a larger arc lights a fluorescent bulb.

FLUORESCENT LAMP

FLUORESCENT LAMP

Advantages:

Heat is relatively low

Energy efficient

Range from low grade to high grade

Long lamp life

Usually cool source

Control gears

Disadvantages:

Color temperature

Require ballast : preheat, instant-start,

rapid-start

Requires controlling elements for glare

control

FLUORESCENT LAMP

SHAPE

BALLEST/DRIVER

HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMPS(HID

LAMPS)

. Types of electrical gas-discharge lamp which produces light by means of an

Electric arc between tungsten electrodes housed inside a translucent or

Transparent fused quartz or fused alumina arc tube.

. This tube is filled with both gas and metal salts. The gas facilitates the arc’s initial

strike. Once the Arc is started, it heats and evaporates the metal salts forming a

plasma which greatly increases the intensity of light produced by the arc and

Reduces its power consumption. High intensity discharge lamps are a type of

Arc lamps.

HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMPS(HID

LAMPS)

HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMPS(HID LAMPS)

HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMPS(HID

LAMPS)

LED LIGHT

LED LIGHT

BENEFITS OF LED LIGHTING

BENEFITS OF LED LIGHTING

BENEFITS OF LED LIGHTING

BENEFITS OF LED LIGHTING

BENEFITS OF LED LIGHTING

LED LIGHTING

LEDS are just tiny light bulbs

That fit easily into an electrical

Circuit. But unlike ordinary

incandescent bulbs, they don’t have

A filament that will burn out, and they

Don’t get easily hot. They are illuminated

Solely by the movement of electrons in

A semiconductor material, and they last

Just as long as a standard transistor. The

Lifespan of an LED surpasses the short life

Of an incandescent bulb by thousands

Of hours.

LED REFLECTORS

LAMPS

LAMPS

LEDS

LAMPS

Cold cathode

Thank You