21. .~ ,..A tuLt .4(tl ..~tt ~.ti.Ji .....4(': 0 ~ ~'A .A...
tt.:.':'.-:q~".i ...,r;;;r;- l.T'" .. .~' t.S.,-' .. J ~ .. J
r:=--,J ~' ..J ..r OJ..R-J ~.J~h'J ~u. JP~J i,.~ U:fS~ uJl
~a..)f-S31 i.;Ji31 J ~,~ J tLal.S.l.J t~ i ~J iJia.4 ~~ ~J:J
~'4.Jt1S 1S,Ji! ~t &...i.wa~ t t ~u.. ~ .i tJiJf 'I ~ .....e...
tJi.,-'i, .,JbJ) ,....- t ~'Jl.4~: J 0 .. ..r (S'. ~ 0. v- ' y.Jll1
~. AJiJl;"D ~~l.wwJ' o~ : ~ ~ ~ ~IJ ~UiJ ~~~ At -J'JJ ~,Jb ~ ~ ~
t..uJ ;J~'i I.:J~ ()4jD ~ "'J ~~l ~, ~, ,U...t.a.n a(.tt ~ , t1-_"
:.... L.~.. ':tt ~ r.a...~tt .) . .) .J V'"I U",-, ~-JAJ ~I ~ ()A.)
~ (j4J'" J ~ .t.Ji.U UJS..cJ' e'+~lJ .)~lJ 'J~'i Jt c~'i'J '~~'i'
,,'~'J' 8- Expected interruption duration: The expected, or
average, duration of a single load interruption event. : W,JlGJ
eLbL"'i o,;a .(SJb ~ eUW}~J ,~j&.JI J ,Wji.Jt ojiin c.sA 9-
Interruption: The loss of electric power supply to one or more
loads. -,,- 4s4~1 ~~I ~J~! ~'yJ.';"
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30. : eLbL'i .ys .j ~ ~ ~4~ 4.:~ .)~ e~ .JA 10- Interruption:
The loss of service to one or more customers. Note: It is the
result of one or more component outages, depending on system
configuration. : E.U=:L~ ,~ .J c.J~ u....eji UA ~j ~: ~ .)5 .J
c!1jW&A i:.P 4..oJ.iJ e~ .JA . u:u.n r.e.~.-: te-_ J~ r ~ ~ .
11- Interruption frequency: The expected (average) number of power
interruptions to a load per unit time, usually expressed as
interruptions per year. :eUJL"; .)~ ~ ~ OJ"'=-.J '().oj o~.J JS.! ~
{.F ~~ eLbL~ (~jl..J) ~,Jl4J1 .,.All ~ .~ ~ ~&.LbL'I4 12-
Outage: The state of a component or system when it is not available
to properly perform its intended function. : ~~ ll.J ~ taJU "..lla
"t Lo~ lAUl..(." ~ ..&. ~ .. ,.,... oJ r .J (.)."..-.' ..r -,y-
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31. 13-0utages Non availability of electric power to the
customer uliijil' ~~ ~1.JJf.s.l' b..)J1!14.p.t:i! {".M:- t.s' 14...
Outage: The state of a component when it is not available to
perform its intended function due to some event directly associated
with that component. Notes: 1- An outage mayor may not cause an
interruption of service to customers, depending on system
configuration. 2- This definition derives from transmission and
distribution applications and does not apply to generation outages.
: UiJlt' o~ ..)--4 ..>J.4-0 ~~ A,J;;; ~UA3 ~ ~Jb cU:! 'i lA~ ~ ~
.,. oP~ ~ 4.A~ et..b.iJ} ~ LSJ~ 'i Jt ($J~ () ~ -, : ~~ 4....d..i
':l &-:tt .~ ~tt ~lL.J=:U c...iJ ...-:tl,~ ~ - y tAln ~ te.
'J~' &!UjJ ~...)""",'J~' ... .....,.,.., r .. r .. e.r- J
.J.:SyJl .:..lii~ fA~ 15-0utageCosts: Economic costs resulting from
interruptions of power supply. They include, besides direct costs,
the indirect costs of actions taken to avoid anticipated outages.
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32. 16- Scheduled outage: An outage that results when a
component is deliberately taken out of service at a selected time,
usually for purposes of construction, maintenance, or repair. : ~~,
UijU' a-Jj W~J ' J~ DAJ ~ ~ (p .t.A3 D-- ,,~ ~.(F ~un &.li,Jlt
.,. .C~'i' ,Jt .t3~ Jt ~~Uw1' ~~ Oj1&. 17-Forced Outage Removal
of a unit from service due to component failure, improper operation
or human error. Forced outages require immediate removal of the
unit. 18- Scheduled outage duration: The period from the initiation
of a scheduled outage until construction, preventive maintenance,
or repair work is completed and the affected component is made
available to perform its intended function. :e--~' ~jU' o}li ~~~'i'
J ~~ Jt C~' J.4t- ~~} ~J ~~ ..Ajll .ll.o t~ o..)JJ t/- .~ 4.;JU
;b...n "JS..t.U ctlo "~..J -t - 4-.Yu .A(' ~~ LJ~..::.t a....~ . .
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33. 19- Switching time: The period from the time a switching
operation is required due to a component failure until that
switching operation is completed. Switching operations include such
operations as: throwover to an alternate circuit, opening or
closing a seetionalizing switch or circuit breaker, reclosing a
circuit breaker following a trip out due to a temporary fault. :
J.t~, DAJ t . ,; LIA:" Ltln...... ~ .t.:..2:'.o:tt.A.... o:t utL tI
~tI taJ.a. .. jJ v--'~ eoT'~.J U."..-.' ~ ... ~I va~ .~, (JAjd' ...
UA O.)J J .)~ ~t.i #- J' z::ii ,~~ ij3J : c)A JS ~ ~ J.s~ ~ .~ ~- t
tt....ti ~t.....~tI JltJ LMJlltL..it.._" OJ&. , ...t..~AtI UW
'.:r-" U--' .. fJ""""M"'" .) .. C""" u:---.J-1 -~' C 20- Loss of
service: The loss of electrical power, a complete loss of voltage,
to one or more customers or meters. This does not include any of
the power quality issues (sags, swells, impulses, or harmonics). ~
.u.~J.lt.3 i.P J' .)St J ~ c:P ,~ J.;ts e.~ ,4.:JL:~ o.)JiJI e.~ ~
u~J uL....i.tJ:i.l'iJ uJJ.':y~' ~) ~~ OJ"RJ J,Jol: '4: ~ t.S~
'l1..i.l.,A .(u~~J 21- Duration interruption: The period (measured
in seconds, or minutes, or hours, or days) from the initiation of
an interruption to a customer or other facility until service has
been .restored to that customer or facility. An interruption may
require step-restoration tracking to provide reliable index
calculation. It may be desirable to record the duration of each
interruption. -'0 - ~L:..>f.s.n ~~ .4.:J~! ~~.J.4
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34. :e1.1ii..t~) i~ ~ e.L..,kL~ ~ ~,~ (rti:l .j bJ~U J J.at!JJ
J ~,~ ~tLoJ) OJJJJ ~ u ~ . .bL..JJJ J ~~ ~ ~~ &J~l ~J .,p.
Jal.Jjj i:P' J ~~ !..:I~ u.JS..t..." .~J~~' ~,;.. ":J~ t.itAJiT
OJ~~' ~J04~.) et..bL~ E~ .eUaL)' JS ip ~ 22- Forced interruption:
An interruption caused by a forced outage 23.. Interruption device:
A device capable of being reclosed whose purpose is to interrupt
faults and restore service or disconnect loads. These devices can
be manual, automatic or motor-operated. Example may include
transmission breakers, feeder breakers, line reclosures and motor
.. operated switches. : t UdJ~' oJIA ~~ eb " , tI L .... ~' ~L, t A
t , "': tt -:tt .I.. - ..-:tt OJl,c. b i JLJl L. t oJLo.. ~.J LJ~
... ....- ~""""" u-'J ~.:J""d' e.r-..) ,... aJ~ JW.~ J e;Uj ~t u.o
. ~~ ~ UA ~ Ji t:l ,J ~J:! l.t} ~,~ b~ u"s:; u1~ ~t.s~ ~ ~t.i.oJ '
J:W1 ~ Sj~} e;:.uLloJ ~ylt.cJ) ~'jiJ ' Ji,ln ~.,,! 24-
Interruptiondevice event: The operation associated with the
interruption device for cases 'where a reclosing device operates
but does not lockout and where a switch is opened only temporarily
-" - ~l:J+S.11 ~'.ll ~J~} ~y1jA
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35. :tlb.L~t i..t..A ~~ ~~ ~ {.)SJ,J ~ sJu:'} i~ J.W lA~
~'7Jl:JJ E.lbL~' ;~ ~ ~ JA e .b1i U!.).a Cl'lLJl ~ lta~.J U~! 25-
Major event: A catastrophic event that exceeds design limits of the
electric power system and that is characterized by the following (
as defined by the utility) : a) Extensive damage to the electric
power system b) More than a specified percentage of customers
simultaneously out ofservice. c) Service restoration times longer
than specified. Some examples are extreme weather, such as a one in
five year event, or earthquakes. : ~'~J:Jt ~~ Do- (J.jS.JJ ~s~
is.JiJ' ,All ~ J.J.1:l.. I,$~ I,$ln ~ ~~ .JA : (JiyJt ~'-'J u~
L..s) ~~I tyL. .A(tl AU At:.~t .:UW1 JL-I' I.A;"it' -I.. ..,}ff-'
is.:JA'l' r--' U ,;""- .,J J-:::e-. O. OJ~ U.o J:St DP~ u-o ~
c:.ti.,Jo1 ~ uA,~J.iJt ~ ~ -f.:J JJ:l..AJ1 u-o J:!5t 4.AJU
&JLu.w,l CJ.oj DJ1J -~ .,Jt ~,~ ~ JS i..".. ~~ iSln ~W &..0
&J:.1JiJ ~ ~';lb: tillj 4.t..; U..o JJij31 26- Momentary
interruption: Single operation of an interruption device that
results in a voltage zero. For example, .two breaker or recloser
operations equals two momentary interruptions. -v- tuL .A('I ~)tl
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36. :~, e~'i' ~ : ~ ~ t.$,J~ ~ 4l~ ~ F..J e.t.JdJ11i~ i~',J
i,;-eJ ~ ~ ~ el.WJl2 J$. LS.J~ ~~ OJ1J:.1 ~Ui.e .,; J~ ~li 27-
Momentary event interruption: An interruption of duration limited
to the period required to restore service by an interrupting
device. Note: such switching operations must be completed in a
specified time not to exceed 5 min. This definition includes all
reelosing operations that occur within 5 min of the first
interruption. For example, if a recloser or breaker operates two,
three or four times, and then holds, the event shall be considered
one momentary interruption event. : ~ O~ ~ et.1iL~' .e.lb'i.;'i'
6JL4 J.'...):a,;p ~~ 6..)JJ1 t.~ iJta::w.'i iJ,JJ::...4 i,JaJ
el1U.a"'i' .,. u.....JLlD ,~ ~ .U;iJ 5 LSJI1j 'I J~ UA~ Jz;,~.j JS
J.a~ t't..:i! ~ : a.,.pJ.. : ~ e1..bL"'i' ~,J.} UA J3l!J5 Jj.i. ~~
~J ~jlS iJ~} J;..J&:i~! ,~ "'til; rJ' t.::.t'JA ~) J; ~ J; ~.)A
~jm iJ~! Ct=a.. J; ~ ~} ti! .~'J ~ tUW! ~.b.S ~Ja.1I ~ jJ~ -'I, -
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37. 29- Sustained interruption: Any interruption not classified
as a momentary event. Any interruption longer than 5 min. : ~elW,j}
J3lij 5 DA ~ ~ tUWl tS' .JA.j .~ ~~ ~ ~ e.tbiJ} f.5i 30- Scheduled
interruption: A loss of electric power that results when a
component is deliberately taken out of service at selected time,
usually for the purposes of construction, preventative maintenance
, or repair . Notes: 1- This derives from transmission and
distribution applications and does not apply to generation
interruptions. 2- The key test to determine if an interruption
should be classified as a forced or scheduled interruption is as
follows. If it is possible to defer the interruption when such
deferment is desirable, the interruption is a scheduled
interruption: otherwise, the interruption is a forced interruption.
Deferring may be desirable, for example, to prevent overload of
facilities or interruption ofservice to customers :~~, eUd.t'i'
D-tJ ~ ~ (.F t.~ Uoo UJSA ~ CP ~1JJ.J 434~ 0J.1U e~.JA : ~~ c~l .J;
4t!.J L~ J; ~'~l.Jaj) ~'~l u4~ oj~ ~j u,J1J..j JUi.... J.IJ .0:1
~1J::,UiL~ ~ ':l JLJ ~ .0:1 .~ ':tt ~t.L.s.b:i.t ~ .0:1'~ ~ -1..~,
f .. J~'.J~' ... ..~, r .. J; ~..' e1..b111-S ~ eLbi...'i' u~ l.o
,jl J:~ J=lJ3 J~':l ~t, ~-2 jJ~ ''-:J.,t:..)A J::..U JS U~J
elW.,,'i' ~t:; ~ "'" ulS ,j} ~)~1 u.P:! u; ~ tSJ~! ~ elW.,,~' ull
a.tj lo L.;i fA..' eUiL'J' u.P:! ~~ teo ~ ! o~ .1 a .. JOJL te. ~,~
,u~t...b.n"" t.r""..J u- ~",,-. . ...;-.)A ~ U:S~ ~ 4...J.iJ -'CI -
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38. 31-Scheduled Outage: Removal of a unit from service to
perform work on specific component that is scheduled in advance and
has a predetermined duration 32- Total number of customers served:
The total number of customers served on the last day of the report
period. If a different customer total is used, it must be clearly
defined within the report : ~~4 6:S~ ~ JJ.tJ ~ J~ f~f '.il ..>t~
o..AJJ J:it'~.Pol u.i to~ DP~ ~ JJaj Y. .>t~ ~ C~~ J:!~ ~, ~
U:?~ 33- Mean time between failure (MTBF): A mean of evaluating
equipment failures related to operating time :J1'W ~~~ ~ DAJ1~,JM
t.:. .~.~tt ~ i31 ~..JjiJi ~~ ~ oJ.1'i31 ~1J=..J o.iA ~ ~f
.l2,J1=Jl o~ JitLJ ~ (J~ ~ ~) JS-Ju..J 4.;i3t.d h, n ().4 f~ (Jl1J
;Sf Ji ~.Jji (Jji". u-ll ~l.JJfoSJI ~~ 4.),1.d h,n ()4 ~la.J,1 ~~~
~f ~ .~~ ~I .~~ : ~ d;"'J1J c..iJU2J~) ~.;i!1 ~.J.,:ul ~~ (Voltage
Transformation) ~'J;~-1 (J~ y.... ~ (.Jd ;Bit ,4.).11 ~~ o.;Ji.11
~'i~ r~ OJ1&. ~I~Y ~.JJlII ~ (Jji....w,A ~l (High Voltage
level) ~I .1f+U ~...lJ:l11 J.jf+ ul;~ ~i ().4 (primary distribution
voltage level) : ~1~1 3.3 KV & 6.6 KV & 11 KV & 22 KV
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56. (PU) ~ c 0 ..., I-J ..., 0 0 b b b 0 CO Q t-.) ~ t- .. I-L
........ - f ~ t t' ~. ~ : G. 'L ~ t t (i) t.~ /, 0' ~ 'fi:. ~' r
R-..,) t't ~1. - r- ~; t ~. -.&;;:.. ~ ,~' 0' - ~. & ~ [ r
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57. (Metering) (,j'lylU-4 ~ : ~ ~IJ (JJ!~,n i~t ~ el~f ~ ~fii
t:J~ ~i lS~ J~~. (;~'J 4.s.~ ~) ~j o.)J.3 fit ~ ~ ~Jt Jt ~iJ ~ bjl
b,. oll 4Jlj..t.iU ~L~ ~ .>::P J~ ~ ~i..: (digital) ~.)I ~j ~
~L~ ~ ~, ~~ ~i ~.JJ (Primary distribution) ~~ttl ~.JjU : ~~ oW , ~
Jttl e.:.t~.. ~ ~L~' 31.!i.lj JLIi,,-:t, ~ ....Actl tt.ii.:i.tl"'"
.,. ...r-J .....Jfr'*" .. :~J~~' ~'~,j.4 fJiii.J ~~ ul~t &4
~L:Jf5J1 ~ U:S~, ~~ OJ.,fH ~WI ~'J~l ~L~ O)J'i1~~-1 JS,S Jb..lUJ
~'.bu 'T'~ 'J""U~' c.S~1 WJ ..,J'JJJIJ ~..;131 ~~I J:~-2 ~J 'T'~~I
w..o ~ o..;lJ} JSJ uP~1 ~~ iJ~ ~Wl ~J~l ~L~ O)J'i1J;J~-3 ~~I ~ uA
4!0A(tl~ ...t:.~-: "I A ... ~w..b.:i.4 .~-5 9'"~ t;rJA r:--"'..)~ ~
~ c.S~ JS.t D:!S~ ~J.i. OJ~ ~WI ~J~I bJ.j~ o)J~1 J:J.}j-6 ~'jJJl
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68. ~.J~ (~ ..lIJJ) ~ OA.J JsJ ~J~?U ~, ~ ~ J~ ..9 ~.J 4..a~I,J ~
t.....,..H vi ~~ ~'~'.:t:... ,.WJ} ~~lw&t ~-10 ..;t..,I:J J~ Jt
t:JU:.tJ:,.L~, J~ ) ~~~'i' ~~~] (F- 4.;J~~' ~'~,j.4 ..)!JU .j' ~,
~,.~ u;' 'john DP~ (.i# (e~)" iJii JjJ= J et.1iiJ"1' .j
(individual) 41 " ~ ~ AUt (5-1) JS..J. t.J4 ~..J c.::.,~J.lfJl J'
,,;:,a'J'J~' ()--4 J~ ~ cJ~ ~ JS ~.;..J' ~ 4.;3~ ~~.;.Jl ~J ~ JsJJ
o..;lJ] JsJ 4.:J~'i'~~}.o ":d~ ~ ~ (}AJ r~
http://www.sayedsaad.com/montada 69. rUilJ1 (System) SAIF/=O.847
CAIDI=2.03 V.,JAJI~I (Central Region) SA/FJ=O.847 CA/DI=2.00
c)iJI~1 (Area One) SA/FI=O.773 CAIDI=2./2 I C A b)~l ,,4......1l4
(District A) '"" SA/FI=0.378 CAIDI=2.08 ~ljS.)A~ Crew Center North
~#ljS.)A~ Crew Center South B bJt~} ,, t....~ I- (District B)
SAIFI=O.652 CAIDI=2.69 I 4i11l1~1 (Area Two) SAIFI=1.23
CAll)[=1.6.i I C bJIJ! ,,1t....,.1lA, (District C) SAIFI=2.59
CAIDI=2.24 D b.)I.I) ",I .t....~ (District D) SA/F/=1.08 CAIDI=1.54
E b.)IJ!", .t...~ (District E) SAIFI=3.05 CAJDl=1.64 4.;J~'i'
~'~.J.4 y~ ~.)..: NIMO ~l:~ ~ ~ ~ (5-1) ~ ;J.~l JS ~'Jf rJ..~J
SAIFI =System average interruption frequency index =rJQ.;.1j
t..kAi~1 JtpLro r.to CAIDI=Customer average interruption duration
index = :..rW t 1.b.4;~1 0.r! l1..,.,.p ~.to "W'Vt'W.tdworld.corn"
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~I ~I ~ ~~ JS ~i Jtl.J1 I~ uA L-a~ . ~ ftAlll lA..)~} J JSS ~AI Ji
~I ~~.jA ":J~ ~ ~.4J ~~ cWt::. iJ.:: ~I u.i ~J:!. ~i ~ (Load Point)
~I ~.J-4 ~ J~ Ji (feeder) (.$~ LA} ~ ~JA w~ wi ~. 4.;j~~1 ..:.al~~
~ ~~ ~ wi ~ ., OJJ:t..A ~~ ~ Ji U:S~I J JoA Gas turbine generator
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~,j.4J' .J ~'~~I c.dWjlll ~,J~ J~ ~ A, ~ "J .J ~ J-.by ~ ~I
Permanent forced outage rate of the component .. ~l.l~I Lli:i,U
t.o~ e.b~ JAI flt 0.1 i.S.;~'i U-..ijl3 J~ I~ ..... .. J-bWI u~I
JI~} J ~ ~ ~ J ~~~, ~WJ131 ~JJ:). J~ ~ iv' ~ J u~I J-.by 'J ~ ~I
Transient forced outage rate of component '..ui ~1.:Jt5.31 ~li:iJI
~J.i. el::-~! "JS.4.1l..,HWI L$)~'il Wl~I JJa..o J'~! J ~J' ~ ~~I
()4j.1I Y. r Average outage time DJS..JI c...iijl3 D4J J:w,~ - ot -
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J.;J~'11 ~I~.;..a (System Reliability Indices) I I i~1 ~~I.bA.I"11
~I~~ (Sustained interruption indices) II UiSjW'w.l1 ~'"'H ~
.w:&i ~I~';" - (Customer based indices) ~ 0SAIFJ ~ G)SAIDI [+.
CD CAIDI ~ 0CTAID ~ 0 CAIFI ~ 0 ASAI t o CEMln G) ASUI G)AENS I II
~'il ~Lj~ ~ ~ ~l~':"'-"r! (Load based indices) ~ASIFI. 4--@ASIDI ~I
~~JaLa'l1~I~.J.--t ! (momentary interruption indices) I f+-G MAIFJ
.0MAIFJE ~0CEMSMln -~ ..~ 7j 1-I ..... Q ,..:I' Q ~ I ) :J' L1a.i.U
.taJ~"l'~' :.. ~ (5-2) ~fl .. ..)t4M.jA ..
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(5-3) JJ~ D:fS~' ~l.l~ ~ i~1 - o~1 ~lJ:.~~' ~,~.;... -t A-,.,ji-t
t:.tLaH ~ J~ ~.J.4!l ,~ ~ ~ ~~ JSJ o~ b1tc:.I.W..J~l ..A)S:J
JJ..J;. e~ ~ ""''4 u.J*-'...J liTt- tiJb4 ~l J.L!t ~! t.~ ~ e"w..Jl
U:fS~ U:!S~ ~ e.L..l::aiJ'ii o~ ~ ,r-J.,;.JI I~ ~ J~ ~,J t::.Itc:.u
,Jf J.t1.!JJ4 ~.,;WWI c.P t.~1 e.~! ()4J.lw,jM (,P uLa1:H ~
&.:IIJ-lie~ 4--J 4.J~ uJU.J ~jlJ..cJ1 ~I J.1....aJ1 u-3! up~1
(p ut&.W.a'i1 D:!S~ l.:'~ v-J-JI .lw,.Jlt ~ ~.;..J ,~ ~ .~ e~!
JSJ ~~ Lilli OJ~1 uL.l:.lbiJl ul..>-'li e~ ~ -4.a~ UJI-I..J e~1
U;SjW&.J J$. e~ ~ ~~ LAjI~ Il...A w-i t ~ l:.ld ~jLWl D:!S~
c:w..lI.;#- v-J3 ~jM~! ~~,;.JI ~ .JoI"p1 oJ,JJ ~ ~4Jf5 LA ~ CTAIDI
~jA,J CAIDI ~".. D:H c.1Ji31 eU:W! Jfil.J1 ~~I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~
U..)LJ..J ..wi oAI,J 0.)4 ~ LAjl J.1....llJ u-3! U;S~I d.~.hi.j!
t::.IIJ&! ~~ ~ eLbL1 ~pl ~.;:w:...n ~ J.1-&-~! OJ~I .J!:.
All.bJl c.m ~I ~ .U:S~ SAIFI System Average Interruption Frequency
Index ",JAm ult:.W.a"i1 .;I.;S:d ~J14 ~..;.. SAIDI System Average
Interruption Duration Index rUUlleUd.t"i1 ifi~..,lo ~.;.. CAIDI
Customer Average Interruption Duration Index ~ji.JwJJ e~"'il
ojli.lw,..,lo ~".. CTAIDI Customer Total Average Interruption
Duration Index ~~ e~"il ulJii J:w,..,lo ~I ~,;.. AENS Average
Energy Not Supplied oJJ,JAJ1 ..>#- Ut.bJ1 Ja-jl.e ~,;.. - 0" -
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~1..,>J.';"- l .1 ~I , .e, e LW.,,":ll t .(-: J:w, .." ..,.'I I~
.....,..- (",. .J..r- ~ /J'; ...)4Jl.."..... ~ .~~ ~~t..b1.t)'
~.JU..0.31 (HS~I u~ oJ.-al,J OJ' ~~ JS ~ ~t..H i.J.Jj ~
e.L.....b1J)'I ul.J---6 J$. ~ ~I e~ ~ 4.a~. p,JAn I~ u~...J
..H.J:UI ",.aSi uJ} t....n ~ e~1 ~~I "'$ ~ eUai.s)' ~.JLlc.31 U:S~
~I JIJ..ot 'A.&" -:'1 i .-:1'1 ~ .. ,.'1 I~ 'f: , ~~~ ..r-
J'w"l..,-. ~ ~ ,Jt ~ ~ ~~I .ti.bl4 ~~ 4.:--i "-a~ ~.J.&3 I~
U~,J ..Hji:J1 iJ,JJ ~} UP~ toJiJI ~Ji:jJ ~U411 ~l$.UI UP~ t..1iJ1
~.1ij ~l$.Lw, J$ ~~LW.,,":l1 (joG n J$ oW) ~,jAlt ,~ ~ ~.;-iJt ~-J.
J~ ~~ i~ .tlJSL...J... Up ~ ~I iJ.l~,J i$.L... t't.tU.-ut ~):a ~
~jlLA ~ ($~I,J ~ "-ai.: .,>J.,jAlt I~ U~...J .utl=.wrjWl
ut....c-l.WJ)' ~jU.caJt D:!S~I "'$ ~I ~I JJ.....tJ1 ~l ij-A n V-
.;st i~ U:S~ ~.jl ~.Jlo .;J..).o (.)4 iJ:..jJ1 C): ~U ~ .~J.iJ1
CAIFI Customer Average Interruption Frequency Index U:S~ etbL":lt
)~ J:w,jlo ~,j4 ASAI Average Service AvaiJability Index t..~ ~t:il
~~ yJ,,jA CEMIn Customers Experiencing Multiple Interruptions D:S~I
)~ J.1t.4~,jA .;.;S:w etbL)' ~.JLlcJ1 Asm Average Service
Unavailability Index LJ.iJ1 ~Ljl jC..b..".," to, o' r .JJA
..,)AJJ.JA - flV - ;-::Jl:~l ~),I ~J~! ~'.;J..J.4
http://www.sayedsaad.com/montada 76. ftAU3 ~J~~' uP.).ta t-L~ (5-4)
J~~ ~'J uuH ~ c~ - i~ t::.lts:,UiL)1 bt~,jA - ":-' ~J~~i '":J~
~,jAn ,~ r~ ~ tb~ ~~, btU~ ~ LA~ " ~U4 ~ .o (.j '~f J
~L...J1..Y~~..., ~. ,....te~ .. ~ ...(.-: .~.n~ J CJ,.,J u::-..;--
l-A ~iI l-AlA ,,.t ~ ~.;:..;JI ..P..r- ~ l-A u,JUJ .SAIFI ~}4
~.J.43 ; J......i3 e ~ 4d~ ..... t.) ~.. .. J*M-r- b.)J1U ~1 u-31
~~ (KVA) ..~~(KVA)~ WSJJ SAIDI ~~ ~}.4J ~ ~ u~..J ~~, b1LJ~ f"~ht ~
~~ O...& ~ 4d;" .....t ~ 4. ....r-. . y-u..r- 0.1-13 tt A ....
' ' (KVA) i JiJ..) I.r~. u-. ..) ~~I(KVA)~ ASIFI Average System
Interruption Frequency Index ASIDI Average System Interruption
Duration Index ~jl4 rLWJ e.bL~ &~ ~,j.4 "'.,R. ~1 ~ ~ ~ ~ l
iJ;f~.n ~ D~ II~~ rJ:U II ~ ~l .. LJ~~I"'''. 'At~II~W~.t:.LIl ''.1
..... ,". "I A.tt"'_ i.1J:u .. t,;",l p.JA '"e"".... or- ~ is
u--~.Ja4 ~ '" .. .~~, ~LH ~ 'J~l - 0/ - ~'u iJ' w~, J$. ~~ ~~,
~,,JAt t:J~'i' ~'~j.4 ~'JJ~ (5-8)JJ~ ~Ju.....n o..a,,,D (~)
t:a..UAn ~La1;.:1' At = ~Si Si=Number ofsubstations ( or
transformers) supplying the ith group of Ss (int/y) customers
interrupted = i W ~ ~~ ~ e~ ~~ ~~ (~~.,,:wJ1 .Ji) ~.;iJ ~~I JJC.
rS-*t- (min/int) r = I I .J Ss= total number of substations ( or
transformere) at a date specified byrSj (hi int) the organization
=~.)411~..M JJa..JI C!-a...;UJI JS. (~~~ )) ~,;iJi ~lb:wJI JJC.~!
r8- *t- (min/y) ti= duration of interruption for the customers in
the itb groupU = I I Ss .Ji == i ;.w Ve .a~ e~"'il &j'ai=Ar
(h1y) ~~ ..~ ~ I 1-"'1i ~ ,...J'a- I ~''0 ,J- .J'
http://www.sayedsaad.com/montada 82. ~tam ~~~'i ~'~j. ~"iJl:A..A
(5-9) JJ~ ~~, ~u~ ~ o~ - ;~ ~~~1' ~'~)A- ~..l.a..J i~jl (~) ~llJ
uu~ SAIFI = :ENi Ni=number of interrupted customers for each NT
interruption event during reporting period t.aJ.iJ ~ e~ 6#-~' J~ e~
(int/y.eust) = e~! ~ JS1 L.~ ~ e~ U;S~ JJ&:, => U=S~ l)SJ
J.-.l jI...;a:J o.)JJ ~ SAIDI = LriNi (minly.cust) :ENi = total
number of customer interruptionsNT DJS~ ~&.~} ~'..rJ e.JaG+A
.J' =L.~' ~ e~' ~~ ..$0 e~== (h/y.cust) ~~ {)SJ J.-J CAIDI = LI1Ni
= SAIDI N,.== total number of customer served for the ~Ni SAIFI
area being indexed U:fSjW...J u&.l.bi.l} u.;i e.~ = 'JJ.2l.4 ~
~ ~~ ~ (lJiAU U:S~ ~ J.al == :tAJ.iJ ~ e~ U;S~ J$. e~ [h/lnt)
ri=restoration time for each interruption event = eUW) ~ JS1
OJa:i.w.~ ()Iaj ,,; "~ ~ I 1"..... -; ,oJ' I .s j ,J' ,~,
http://www.sayedsaad.com/montada 83. flUill1 ~J~"il ~l~.j.4
~'iJl.a..4 (5-9) J",~ ~l:i ,0 .. ( '~'~'6' ~U.u ....- o~ - 0 . ~~'l
~~Uii.a~ ~ :.. -ir...J':"A~ ... t..r'" ~ .~.JrA .4JJla...Jl o~"sl
(~) ~LWl ~u1;.:3 CTAIDI =:LriNi CN- total number of customers who
have experienced a CN (minly) sustained interruption during period
U:tS~1 ~k.~~t,;li e~ .Ji "'" ~,;alJ1 up~ ~I J~I (h1y) =
.,>J.;i:U o.).JJ ~ ~ e.U::&i.&~ ~~, W:!S~I ~I JJI.1 ~t
pl.bi.bUCAIFI =I;Ni CN I t.a~, ~ e~' UJS~I J$. e~ (intly)i :: t~'.l
~~, up.;w..Jl ~, J~' ~ .~ ..~ 7j 1" 84. f'lalU ~J~'i' ~'jJ.~
~'lJa.r. (5-9) JJ~ ~U ~~ ~La~ ~ i~' - i~ ~t..l.bla'l' ~'~j..-i
~Ja..,qJ' ASAI _ NT(No,ofh/Y)-~IiNi NT(No,ofh/y) U:fSjW;..Jl t.AJI
(':!Ji:U t,.u.J ~l&.U Q ~~ ~Ja.11 (':!J.i:i ~&.lwa
JJ&:, CEMI = CNk>n n NT wll;lW.a1 ~~I ().!SjWW J~ ~! i.)p
4.i1J:aJ1 AENS= U=SJW'..JI JJ&:, o~.j1' p.n (intly) p.u
Kwh/cust.y (~) ~u..n ~La'=+" CNK>n= total number of customers
who have experienced more than n sustained interruptions during the
reporting period = ,;si o~ c.::..&..l,.L'i ~,JLl.J' U:S~, .1$0
~! J:!.J:UI o.),JJ ~ 0..)4 n ~ ..; "' ~ I j".... ~ ~.J~ I j ~J' ,~
http://www.sayedsaad.com/montada 85. ~uam ~J~~ u,JJajd ~~jl.La
(5-10) JJ~ JLa~ ~u~ ~ o~ - i~ ~~~'1 ~~~-y ~ja...J ;~J.l (~) ~UA.1
~ut::l / ASIFI = }:Lj Lj=connected KVA load interrupted for each LT
interruption level ~~ (KVA) oJ~' e~ (int/y.cust) =eUW! JS '-P ~U11
~~ (KVA) 0J.w .;J1A = LrTotal connected KVA load served =~ ~ ~
(KVA)& ~ ~ .. J . ~ ~I ~ O.)~,~! fj=restoration time for each
interruption event ASIDI = I:fjLj (min/y.cust) =eJ;iQ.i~ JSJ ~~I
o~'i ~ u.-aj3 LT oj.i31 eUW! i;Ai .J i=an interruption event =
(h/y.cust) =e~!~~ ~~, ~l iJ~1 ~l .~ .. ";j I ]" ;: .r I ..?: j )
,~, http://www.sayedsaad.com/montada 86. tt~la...J MAIFI = 1:ID i N
i NT ~J;>l ~~, ~ e~' UPJW'wJ' JJS. e~ U!S~ JJS.u34l MAIFIE
=:EIDENi NT ~~, t.F ~I tl..W..a1' ~'..)4 JJS.u-14l 1.:>:SJW...Jl
JJS.J4' CEMSMI = CNTk>n n NT 0.)4 n 6.11 .):lSi wG.Uai.i',/
~.;alJ u:sJW..JJ JJj;.~~ = ~~JJj;.~1 o~,J1 (int/y) (intly) (intly)
f"UllU ~.1~'1 u.;.Ja}.t u'j.1lAA (5-11) JJ~ ~ u"'=-~1 u.;.J.}4-~ i
(~) t:..l.Q. uu~ .; "' ~ I J. :: ,.J' I -.~ j ~..J' ,~,
http://www.sayedsaad.com/montada 87. 4JJla..cJ ~~ LAN SAIFI I:N
(int.ly.cust) I; UN SAIDI I:N (hr/y.cust) N(8760) - I;Ar ASAI
N(8760) .. N=number of customers ~~IJ~ Reliability Performance
Indices ~J~'i' ~Ut.i ~'~.j.4 .J ~ ;it ~ .J ~~I ~L...J~ t'~~
~JW:.'i1 4.:3La.A b.t'P.J.o "':J~ ~ (5-3)~~~~ PH =Period hours = ~I
oJJJ ut.e:.Lw, AH =8ystem available hours = f'W3 ~U} ut.e:.t- 8H
=System operating service hours =f'u=JJ1 ~ ut.e:.t- RSH=Reserve
standby hours =i.,p.J.J1 ~~)'I utc.LwJI SOH=Scheduled outage hours
= ~~ UijUl ut.e:.t.w. FOH=Forced outage hours "'" (,$I)~)'I Ui.jl11
utc.k l)W ~~ 4:.I'JJL..:it.A .J ~JL4lc:.)' ~ ~1~.J.4 ~,.yW (5-13)
J.J~ C~.J:! .J .. I ~ ' t .1...11~""""" - "' - ~~~I ~~I ~J~J
ul~,j.4 http://www.sayedsaad.com/montada 88. Period Hours (PH) ~ i
JjJ ~.c.Lw, ... System Available Hours (All) flUll1 ~Ul ~ts=.1..M
System Down For Maintenance tt~U'i~ ....'" I ()AJ ,"' ,..... -,
Scheduled Forced Outage Hours Outage Hours (SOH) (FOH) "' ,. .....
System Operating Service Hours(SH) ~ l:.t.c..w, pu=.l1 Reserve
Standby Hours (RSH) ~~'it l:.t.c.LwJ i~.41 t.Jijj3 ~s;.~ t...4~
U'i~ Us;..w, cS..;~'i' - v. - http://www.sayedsaad.com/montada 89.
~~~'1' ~ ~,.;Jt.J.4 ( 5-13) JJ~ tiJl&..J1 ~ ~~ POD=RH-RSH-SOH
(~1s;.u ii~..H) ~~ u.-J1' y.~ (POD)~i~ Period of demand AF = (Pij -
SOH - FOH) * 100 (...... JJ~P':4l..1 ~i) i~J1l i~ y.4i-- (AF,%)
~3'I' J..1s;. PH ~~ ~~ u.- ~ jA~ "ll ,J J,.aJ~ (~ ~ i~..H) ~~ ~,J
Availability Factor FOR = (SHF'?:OH) *100 ~ J..l"..n ~ Uijm u.-,j
y.. ,.Jlr. y.~ (FOR,%) ",J.)a.Q,/' Uijm 13... lfJ~ Forced outage
rate SOF'= SOH *100 ~1s;.1.-.J ~~ 4.-~ ~~ u.-,j ~ (SOF,%) ~.)10'1
Ui.,,:al J..a1s;. PH ~i..),JJ Scheduled outage factor SF= SH * 100
o.JJ-' ~1s;.-1 ~~ t'Ui.AJ ~ ~1s;..w ~ (SF,/.)~~ PH ~ Service Factor
MTBFO=SH ~'):a.-.Q'il ~W.,,:ut U:H ~~I u.-J1' y.~ (MTBFO)
~l.)a.Q,/i ~1s;.Uai.a'i1 U:H u.-;rl.sa....~ NF 4..~~..J:!i;. Mean
time between forced outages MDT = ~OH + FOR ~~i ~ iA,J1! UijAS ~'11
ijii1 ~ (MDT) l-ii.,t:W y..,j ...".... NF+NP ~~ Mean down time
NF=Number of forced outages =ta...)I~1' ~W.,,:i3' J~ Nfl'.;.:Number
of plant outages =~I~W~J$. .3, "J, ~ I 1..... ;: .J' I j ~.J' ~~.
http://www.sayedsaad.com/montada 90. 1 Jli. (t) JJ~ ~ ~.,.J .J 1994
rte. ~ ~t&.~"i CJu~ ~ 1 r!J ~~ :f'~ /)..)4lc~ 1 ~~ ~t,
4.;J..o:lc:.'i' uyJi,jA ~} SAIFI, SAIDI, CAIDI CATAlDI, CAlFI,
ASAI, ASIFI CEMEIs ,MAlFI ,MAIFIE,CEMSMIs N . e..b:L'i e~ t~'i oft.
tt~';JJ13' 6:!S~ JJS:. un (min) (KVA) ~J ~J.iJ'~~' ~ 8.17 800 200
7/3 u.!b.S 0.5 1600 400 15/4 ~ 71.3 1800 600 5/5 ~ 30.3 75 25 12/6
~ - 400 2000 6/7 ~ 267.2 500 90 20/8 ~ 120 2100 700 31/8 ~ 10 3000
1500 3/9 ~ 40 200 100 27110 V"( i.~.:~1 ~~ ~J~} ~'~)4
http://www.sayedsaad.com/montada 91. NT .... U!S~ J#- ~! = 2000
cost. CN - ~e.1.b1.a)' ~~ ~~~ J.a31 =1800 cost. L -~~~(KVA)o JiJ
n,.....'T '" .,J IJ"'''''''''''':''. =4000 KVA ID, == ~ iJf.l.' ~
~'j4 J$. IDE - ~~l.1::t.i.a)" ~'.)oA JJS:. CNk>n =0.)4 n ()4
.;s' o~ .:lc,tW.,,)' ~JU.4.U DJS~1 J~ ~1=350 CNTk>n - o~
~~Ua:iJ! JJlU ~.;a:wl UJS~ ~l JJaJl=750 eUW!n UA..):'Sf ~ oJ n =s
C.B=Jt;:i31 ~ti - Vf- ~~~I ~)tl 2..:J~l ~'~)A Reel. =J:.w:2jlll
OJ:.} j~ http://www.sayedsaad.com/montada 92. :~, ([) JJ~ ~ J i~'
~l,c;.~ E Lr& LL& LNr& :EN ~~ ~ ii~~ i~' ~s;.UiL1
t:Juht ( [) JJ~ N L r J~ o.;JiJ Nr iJli U:S~Lr (~J) eU:iL1' ~..JU11
te.~ ~~ (KVA) (~J) ~J5J 6536 800 1634 8.17 200 7/3 128340 1800
42780 71.3 600 5/5 2272.5 75 757.5 30.3 25 12/6 133600 500 24048
267.7 90 20/8 252000 2100 84000 120 700 31/8 30000 3000 15000 10
1500 3/9 8000 200 4000 40 100 27110 1:Lr=560748.5 I:L=8475
:ENr=172219.5 :EN=3215 ~'il inti y intI y 'minI y minI int . minI
y.eust . W:!S~ ~L~ ~ ;~, -i~l ~~~"'i ~~.J.- : 'iJ' SAIFI = L N
=3215 = 1.6075 inti y.cust . NT 2000 SAIDI =L Nr =172219 .S = 86.11
NT 2000 CAIDI = SAIDI = 86.11 = 53.567 SAIFI 1.6075 CTAIDI = L Nr =
172219.5 = 95.677 CN 1800 CAIFI = L N =3215 = 1.786 CN 1800
NT(No.of b Iy) - L Nr ASAI = -------==--- N T(No.of b I y) = 2000
.. 8760 - (172219.5/60) = 0.999836 2000 .. 8760 CEMI 5 =CN k>n =
350 = 0.175 NT 2000 - Vi - ~LJ .~(t ~~ ~j~ u .. ...J'tt"*"
,,~...J4M..JA http://www.sayedsaad.com/montada 93. int/y.cust ASIFI
= I:L LT 8475 = 4000 = 2.119 :ELr ASIDI=-- LT = 560748.5 = 140.187
4000 h/y.cust, ~, u1J:,~)" c.:a'~,j.o :titCi e~! 4Jb JS,t ~ ~'jA J~
J~' iJf+' ("':1) JJ~ ~~ :ui~,..>.! ~J~ J U:!S~ ~ ue- 4.;~ ~
(C.B) .)tJ, ~li ~l ~ ., 2000 ~ 4..;~ ~ (Recloser) ~~, OJLc.! j~ ~!
~ ~~750 wi ~ (y) JJ~ ()4 IDi=~ o~i ~ u'J04 J$. ID[=~&...JiL)"
~1..)04 JJ:, w-i reel. ~llli u-i l1AIFI =LIDjN =8*2000+12*750 =12 5
NT 2000 . l1AIFIE = LIDEN = 5*2000+6*750 =7 25 NT 2000 . CEliSMIS =
;;:0 = 0.375 int/y int/y int/y - Vo-
http://www.sayedsaad.com/montada 94. C.B=circuit breaker-..)~, ~t:i
R =recloser =~jll' bJt&.l jlf+ S =sectionalizer =~~ F =fault
=(~) ~ MAIFIE&MAIFI&SAIFI ~1~,j..J' ~l :~, Ni=~ t1,1,.iJ"'i
~~, UP~' J~=250 =~ el1ai.l)' ~~, UP~' J~=750 Nr=2000 IDi=2 IDE=l
SAIFI= Nj = 250 =0125 int./y.cust NT 2000 . l1AIFI= IDjNj 2 *750
0.75 intJy NT 2000 MAIFIE =IDENj =1*750 =0.375 int./y NT 2000 -v, -
~L .~ . J~ NS=2= ~~I~'~~ LN 3 . I0' =__1 =-=1.5 Inic.y J. N 2 s r
::::: I:Niti =1.7 =0.57 h zint, :LNj 3 U = LNjti =1.7 ::::: 0.85
h/y-_. 2 s -f (10) ~ (11) ~ (12) wA lillj ~ J ,J ~, ~, ~i ~.J~ ~
6P~' ~ c.:.a~.J.4 : ~.) ~~, ~ ~~, ~ u'~.)4 ~~ J ~,~ (~)& (u.a)
~J~' ~J:! .(FI,F2,F3,F4) ~~, ~ J ~ ~ ~i ~J~ - AA- 4l:~1 ~)rl ~J~!
~1~).4 http://www.sayedsaad.com/montada 107. F4,F3,F2,Fl ~~, (.F
~U3' t ~~, JJ.S, ~~ U:S~, ~ ~J~'i' ~~j.A ~~ (W&1)J-.9J+ F4 F3
F2 Fl J~ ~'''''' Niti ti Niti t, Niti ti Niti ti ~~I ~~;l (in b)
(in h) (in h) (in h) Ni (6-iS~') --- --- --- --- --- --- 0.4 0.4 1
81 --- -..-- --- --- --- --- 12 0.4 30 82 --- --- --- --- 22.5 0.9
10 0.4 25 83 --- --- --- --- 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.4 1 S4 --- --- --- ---
18.0 0.9 8 0.4 20 SS --- --- 10 1.0 9.0 0.9 4 0.4 10 86 --- --- 25
2.5 30 3.0 4 0.4 10 87 15 1.0 --- --- 30 2.0 6 0.4 15 88 2S 2.5 ---
--- 20 2.0 4 0.4 10 S9 25 2.5 --- --- 40 4.0 4 0.4 10 S10 I:Nj =35
I:Ni = 20 I:Nj = 101 I:Ni = 132 132 I I:Niti = 65 LNjtj =35 LNitl =
170.4 :I:Niti = 52.8 .~ ..~ 1 1-I 1,.,.. ,-q- < - I -~ j ~J'
,:)' http://www.sayedsaad.com/montada 108. (~) JJ~ 1:Niti 1:Nj ~,
52.8 132 Fl 170.4 101 F2 35 20 F3 65 35 F4 323.2 288 e.~' Di~~~J Ns
=132 }:Nj = 288 LNitj =323e 2 ~, ~, ~'i '~.JU 6:!lU' ~~, ~ ~j~'i'
c.:t'~}4 "':I~ J :~ ~ J:w,~' ~, J '1 LNj _ 288 =2.18 A = N s -132
2:Ni tj _ 323.2 =1.12 r = L:Nj - 288 :LNiti _ 323.2 = 2.45 U = N s
- 132 - ~, - int.ly h/Int. h/y -+ (13) -+ (14) -+ (15) ~I~I ~
nb..l)'1 ~J~} ul~j..4 http://www.sayedsaad.com/montada
