Slide 1

A Seminar on

A COMPARAITIVE STUDY OF BASALT FIBER WITH SYNTHETIC FIBERS

Submitted by

AVIN GANAPATHIPRODUCT DESIGN AND MANUFACTURINGNIE,MYSURU1

Under the guidance of

Dr B. Suresha ProfessorDepartment of Mechanical Engineering NIE Mysore

CONTENTSINTRODUCTIONLITERATURE SURVEYCOMPARISON APPLICATIONADVANTAGESCONCLUSIONREFERENCE 2

BASALT3

"very hard stone"

INRODUCTIONBASALT ROCKBasalt is a dark-colored, fine-grained, igneous rock composed mainly of plagioclase and pyroxene minerals. It most commonly forms as an extrusive rock, such as a lava flow.4

fig. 1

Chemical Composition of Basalt Rock%Silicon dioxide(SiO2)52.8Aluminium oxide(Al2O3)17.5Iron oxide(Fe2O3)10.3Magnesium oxide(MgO)4.63Calcium oxide(CaO)8.59Sodium oxide(Na2O)3.34Potassium oxide(K2O)1.46Titanium(TiO2) 1.38Phosphorus pentoxide(P2O5)0.28Manganese oxide(MnO)0.16Chromium oxide(Cr2O3)0.06

5Table 1 Chemical Composition of Basalt Rock

BASALT FIBER Basalt fiber is a material made from extremely fine fibers of basalt, which is composed of the minerals plagioclase, pyroxene, and olivine.6Basalt continuous fibers products 1. Basalt plastic pipes 2. Basalt super thin fibers 3. Basalt roving

BASALT SOURCES FORFIBER PRODUCTION

Temperature history and rate of cooling of lavaSlow cooling results in segregation and precipitationWeathering and oxidation over-time Chemical characteristics and uniformity of basalt quarry are essential for good fibers.Manufacturing should be close to suitable basalt quarries and inexpensive energy.

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MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF BASALT FIBRE8

Diagram of basalt fiber spinning: 1) Crushed stone Silo, 2)Loading station, 3) Transport system, 4)Batch charging station, 5) Initial melt zone, 6) Secondary controlled heat zone, 7) Filament forming, 8) Sizing applicator, 9) Strand formation, 10) Fibre tensioning, 11) Winding9

Fig. 2

10Fig. 3

11Fig. 4

Properties12PropertyValueTensile strength4.84 GPaElastic modulus89 GPaElongation at break3.15%Density2.7 g/cm

Table 2

TypeSurfacedensityg/mThicknessmmDensityThreads/cmBreaking loadN (kgf)WeaveWarpWeftWarpWeftBT-5160-150,15-0,01510+15-1882(90)539(55)Plain 1/1BT-8210-200,18-0,0210+18-1931(95)784(80)Plain 1/1BT-10225-200,17-0,0210+112-1931(95)980(100)Satin 5/3BT-11380-250,29-0,0322+113-11715(175)980(100)Satin 5/3BT-13260-200,25-0,0316+18-11225(125)784(80)Plain 1/1

13Table 3

NameWeavingtypeBreaking load N (kgf)Surfacedensityg/mThicknessmmWidth, cmWarpWeftBT-5Linen882(90)539(55)1600,15100BT-8Linen931(95)784(80)2100,18100BT-10Steen931(95)980(100)2250,17100BT-11Steen1715(175)980(100)3850,27100BT-13Linen1225(125)784(80)2500,22100BT-100Linen784(80)178(80)2100,19100BFS-220Steen(80)(80)2200,1890BFL-240Linen(104)(107)2400,2290

14Table 4

15Fig. 5

OTHER PROPERTIES OF BASALT FIBER Thermal resistance Mechanical strength Chemical resistance Ecological friendliness16

LITERATURE SURVEYSl. No.TITLEAUTHORCONCLUSION1BASALT FIBRES AS REINFORCEMENT FOR COMPOSITESVan de Velde KThe presented data indicate that basalt has potential for replacing E-glass in several composites, especially when resistance to extreme conditions is required. However extra research may be needed 2BASALT FIBER AS A REINFORCEMENT OF POLYMERCOMPOSITESTibor CZIGNYBasalt fiber reinforced polypropylene composites have been produced by cardingcombined with needle-punching and PP fibers were used as carrier fibers. Fracturemechanical tests proved that the treatment of the matrix and the reinforcing3 A Short Review on Basalt Fiber Kunal Singha The basalt fiber is now being a popular choice for the material scientist for the replacement of steel and carbon fiber due to its high rigidity and low elongation or extension at break. Its supreme tenacity value makes it as a useful reinforcement material in the present and also for the future era to come.

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COMPARISON18MaterialDensity(g/cm)Tensile strength(GPa)Specific strengthElastic modulus(GPa)Specific modulusSteel re-bar7.850.50.066721026.7A-glass2.463.311.356928.0C-glass2.463.311.356928.0E-glass2.603.451.337629.2S-2 glass2.494.831.949739.0Silicon2.160.2060.4120.09540.191--Quartz2.20.34380.156--Carbon fiberlarge)1.743.622.08228131Carbon fiber(medium)1.805.102.83241134Carbon fiber (small)1.806.213.45297165Kevlar K-291.443.622.5141.428.8Kevlar K-1491.473.482.37Polypropylene0.910.27-0.650.2970.7143841.7Polyacrylonitrile1.180.50-0.910.4240.7717563.6Basalt fiber2.654.154.801.571.8110011037.741.5

Table 5

19Table 6

20Fig. 6

APPLICATION

21Fig. 7

APPLICATION1.CONSTRUCTION: Reinforcement of bridges, tunnels.Internal waste pipesRepair of cracks, local damage to buildings & bridges.2.PETRO CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES: Chemical & wear proof coverings of tanks.Pipelines, oil pipelines.Nonflammable coverings & composite materials.

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3.AGRICULTURE: Land drainage pipes, pipes for irrigation and hosing.

4.MACHINE BUILDING: Parts or blocks of machines operating under high temperatures or gas stream, For example the heat shield for a re-entering space vehicle.

5.ENGINEERING NETWORKS:Oil and gas pipelines, pipes for chemical products and transportation of aggressive media.High efficient seals & linings for pipelines.

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Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10

ADVANTAGES OF BASALT FIBERBasalt fibers show 15-20% higher tensile strength and modulus. Better chemical resistance. Extended operating temperature range. Better environmental friendliness. Recyclability.The processing of basalt fibers does not require special equipment or technologies.

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CONCLUSION1. Basalt fibers have excellent set of properties like ChemicalThermalMechanical environmental 2.It can replace glass in large part is widely used in aerospace, petrochemical, automotive and other areas therefore basalt fiber is known as 21st century SILK VOLCANIC CHANGE As a result of its characteristics and properties, basalt fiber can be really considered as the material of OUR FUTURE FOR A GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

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REFERENCEBASALT FIBRES AS REINFORCEMENT FOR COMPOSITES Van de Velde K Kiekens P., Van Langenhove L. Department of Textiles, Ghent University, Technologiepark 907, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium

BASALT FIBER AS A REINFORCEMENT OF POLYMER COMPOSITES Tibor CZIGNY PERIODICA POLYTECHNICA SER. MECH. ENG. VOL. 49, NO. 1, PP. 314 (2005)

A Short Review on Basalt Fiber Kunal Singha International Journal of Textile Science 2012, 1(4): 19-28 27

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