Cnam2015 m2 m -iot - course 2 - warming - v(0.2)

Internet of Things :

from Theory to Practice,

beyond the Hype

Introduction to M2M/IoT

Market

Technology Roadmap

& Standards

Thierry Lestable (MS’97, Ph.D’03) Technology & Innovation Manager, Sagemcom

Part 2/3

© Thierry Lestable, 2012 2

Disclaimer

• Besides Sagemcom SAS’, many 3rd party copyrighted material is reused within this brief tutorial under the ‘fair use’ approach, for sake of educational purpose only, and very limited edition.

• As a consequence, the current slide set presentation usage is restricted, and is falling under usual copyright usage.

• Thanks for your understanding!

ToC – Part 1 • Market

• Internet of Things (IoT)

– RFID/QR codes/Augmented Reality/NFC

– Governance rules

• Architecture

• Capillary Networks & Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)

– KNX/ISA-100/W-HART/Bluetooth/Zigbee/ANT+/WiFi

11ac/ad/Direct

– IPSO/6LoWPAN/ROLL

• Smart Home

– Z-wave/Wavenis

– DLNA/UPnP

– Management (BBF)

• WAN - LTE


ToC- Part 2 • WiFi/Cellular Convergence

• WiMAX – M2M

• Smart Grids

– Use cases/Features/Overview

– SGCG/M490

– SMCG/M441

– G3 PLC/PRIME

– Governance

• Smart Vehicles (ITS)

– DSRC/WAVE/802.11p

– EC Mandate/ETSI/ITS-G5

– Use cases/Features

• Cloud

– Gaming

– TV Connected

• Smart TVs

• Thin Clients/Stream boxes

• PVR

• Standardization & industry Alliances

• Net neutrality

• Conclusions & Perspectives

– French Market

– Worldwide Forecast


Part 3 (Final slot)

Wide Range –

IoT/M2M Technologies

Long Range Low Power (LRLP),

LTE..

Emerging De-facto LRLP

standards

Vs

‘De-facto’ standards

IOT, Multi-Vendors, Certification

ETSI LTN


Two dual alternatives:

- Ultra Narrow band (UNB)

- Spread Spectrum (SS)

LoRA™ Alliance

LoRa�™ Network Features

LoRaWAN Differentiation and

Benefits

www.LoRa-Alliance.org

Strong Ecosystem Enables Deployment

Optimization

Options for Network Deployment

1.Ecosystem partner deployment – choice of commercial offerings for different components

2.Network partner – partnership with third party network manager

3.Custom development – open specification allows custom development of components

Source: LoRA alliance

Strategic IoT Use

Cases/Services (illustrations)

Source: LoRA alliance

SigFox


83% of Territory covered with 770

BSs (-142dBm)

Conventional GFSK signal

SigFox Network Operator (SNO) Model

- UK: Arqiva – 2015

- Netherlands: Aerea (Tele2)

- Russia: Micronet

- Spain: Abertis (Securitas)

- US: Trial, (Whistle, canine tracker)

LoRA™ Vs SigFox


SigFox LoRA™

Modulation UNBDSS-like (constant

enveloppe)

Throughput 100bps [300bps - 50Kbps] * FSK is used to reach 50Kbps - SF7 = 5Kbps

Payload 10 bytes 50 bytes

Link Adaptation NO (BPSK) VSF [SF7 - SF12]

BW 100Hz 125KHz

LBT NO NO

Duty Cycle Limited YES YES

Frequency accuracy

compensated in UL

in BS, BUT problem

with DL

low (10ppm) N.B: LTE femto is 250ppb, LTE Macro is 50ppb

Channel HoppingYes (imposed by

Terminal)Yes

Best Sensitivity (dBm) -142 -142

Bi-Directional NO* YES *DL to be alledgedly implemented in Q3'14 for TRIAL

Battery Life 10years 10years 600bps

Localization NO YES GFSK

Roaming Yes (SNO) To Build (Alliance) 500mW Piggy-backing

Encryption AES-128 AES-128* *based on IEEE 802.15.4 Broadcast 1,6sec

0u: 14dBm 0: 20dBm LoRA™ can adapt its Transmit Power

1u: 12dBm>P>7dBm 1: 14dBm

2u: 7dBm>P>0dBm 2: 11dBm

3u: below 0dBm 3: 8dBm

4: 5dBm

5: 2dBm

Rx: 20 Rx:10

Tx: 45 (14dBm)

Tx:18 (7dBm) | 28

(13dBm) | 90 (17dBm)|

125 (20dBm)Idle Mode (uA) 1,5 1,5

SDR YES N/A

Power Class

Current Consumption (mA)

WAN – Cellular Systems

3GPP LTE & WiMAX

5G is coming!


Source: Huawei

5G Technology Roadmap


Source: Huawei


Vertical Markets in LTE


Wireless Broadband Systems mapping


Global Mobile Traffic

0.6 EB 1.3 EB

2.4 EB

4.2 EB

6.9 EB

10.8 EB

0.6 EB 1.3 EB

2.4 EB

4.2 EB

6.9 EB

10.8 EB

Exabytes (1018) per Month

70%

LTE Networks’ Deployments - 2015

360 Networks launched in 124 Countries

+450 by end of 2015!

+370 Million LTE Subsc. (Q3’14)

LTE Subscribers – More than

370 Million worlwide (Q3’2014)

Source: Ovum WCIS (GSA)

LTE subs. In Millions

APAC = 43,2%

N.A = 38,8%

Europe = 14,7%

RoW = 3,3%

+211 million LTE subs. added over past year

131% annual growth!


LTE Ecosystem is maturing fast!

+ USB Dongles + Netbooks, etc…

Smart Phones

M-Tablets

DSL-Routers

LTE Devices: 2646 products

(Feb’15) Number of Manufacturers with LTE

Portfolio: +108% over past year)

Smartphones: 1395

Growth LTE Devices Growth

LTE Devices categories @1800MHz

158 networks deployed @1800MHz,

23 more on-going Roll-outs

Ecosystem is mature enough to provide

such profile

944 LTE User Devices @1800MHz

LTE @1800 (B3) used in +43%

commercial Networks

Internal CONFIDENTIAL document | LTE – STB - 2013 |

This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization

.

LTE Bands used in

Deployments (2015)


TDD 312 FDD, 31 TDD, 17 FDD&TDD

Sourc

e:

GS

A


LTE Parallel evolution path to 3G

DL: 21Mbps (64QAM)

DL: 28Mbps

[2x2 MIMO & 16QAM]

DC-HSPA + 64QAM

2x2 MIMO & 64QAM

3G path


Global UMTS Subscriber Growth Forecast

HSPA+ will still play an active role

In near future, both as migration

and complementary to LTE.

3G will keep playing a Key role In Future!

Multi-Radio chips (2G/3G/LTE)


Main benefits from LTE


Main benefits from LTE

• Full Packet Switched (PS) no MSC

• no RNC

• Self-Organizing Networks (SON)

• Cat 4. DL: 150Mbps / UL: 50Mbps (2x2 MIMO)

• BW up to 20MHz

• Default Bearer & QoS

• BW: 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20MHz

• new Bands: 2.6GHz, 700/800 MHz (Digital Dividend)

• CSFB, SRVCC

• Hotspot Offload

• Mobility up to 350Km/h

• Latency < 5ms

• QoS & IMS | ICIC

• GSMA (VoLTE), LSTI, NGMN, GCF, Femto Forum


3GPP LTE System architecture IMS: IP Multimedia Subsystem

PCRF: Policy, Charging Resource Function

UE: User Equipment

MME: Mobility Management Entity

S-GW: Serving Gateway

P-GW: Packet Gateway

HSS: Home Subcriber Server

EPC: Evolved Packet Core

EPS: Evolved Packet System = EPC + E-UTRAN

E-UTRAN: Evolved UTRAN

PMIP: Proxy Mobile IP

DHCP

LTE – Rel.8

LTE Product Design

00,5

11,5

22,5

33,5

44,5

5

Chipset comparison

Sierra Wireless Qualcomm GCT Marvell Sequans

0

1

2

3

4

5LTE Cat 3

LTE Cat 4

LTE Cat 5, 7

VoLTE

Carrier Aggregation(CA)

eMBMS

HSPA

CDMASingle LTE option

Certification

US MarketCommercial

chip sales

IPR

Support

Price

Chipsets Comparison

Sierra Wireless

Qualcomm

GCT

Marvell

Sequans

Terminal Category

DataVoice

CSFB, VoIP, VoLTE, SRVCC

Multi-Radio Vs Single LTE

Carrier Aggregation

eMBMS

Positionning (Lpp)

Spectr

um

(F

req

+ B

W)

Duplex Scheme (FDD/TDD)

Defining LTE Product

requires identifying &

prioritizing

many possible options

LTE-(A) Terminal Categories

Category DL UL 2 SS 4 SS

1 10 5 20

2 50 25 20 P

3 100 50 20 P

4 150 50 20 P

5 300 75 20 P P

6 300 50 20 - 40 P P

7 300 150 20 - 40 P P

8 1200 600 20 - 40 P P

Peak Data rate (Mbps) MIMO (DL)Max BW

(MHz)

Rel.8

Rel.10

(LTE-A)

Carrier Aggregation (CA)

• Cat.3 is widely deployed & mature

• Cat.4 is being released this year, and the first to

propose CA (10+10)

• Cat 7 is coming next year: CA (20+20) & 4x4 MIMO

N.B: iPhone 5s, use QC

MDM9615 (Cat.3)


Worldwide Mobile Broadband

Spectrum FDD: 2x35MHz FDD: 2x70MHz

TDD: 50MHz

21

1500

Verizon

AT&T metroPCS

AWS

NTT DoCoMo

TeliaSonera

Vodafone

O2

…

Refarming and Extensions are still to come…

7

2600

FDD Hong-Kong

China Mobile

Genius Brand

CSL Ltd

…

Digital Dividend

3

1800

Major TD-LTE Market

(incl. India)

Fragmentation & Harmonization of Spectrum is a critical problem!

Wireless M2M: Radio Spectrum, LTE Rel.12

Bands Fragmentation

400 900 1400 1900 2400 2900 3400

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

FDD Bands 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

TDD Bands

Highly fragmented bands have direct impact onto Products

Profiles, industrialization, and thus PRICE!

M2M/IoT CPEs are

Highly cost-

sensitive!

Carrier Aggregation (CA): Intra-Band /

Combinations [Rel.12]

1900 2100 2300 2500 2700 2900

CA_1

CA_7

CA_38

CA_40

CA_41

1500 1700 1900 2100 2300 2500 2700 2900

CA_4-4

CA_25-25

CA_41-41

Contiguous

Non-Contiguous

15+15/20+20

10+20/15+15/20+20

10+20/15+15/15+20/20+20

5/10/15/20

5/10

10/15/20

Promising solutions….

BUT…

Carrier Aggregation: Inter-Bands

combinations (Rel.12)

Pros: Innovative solutions to cope (somehow) with Fragmentation

Cons: i) Need for Over-dimensionned Chipsets

ii) Risk for Profiles Roll-out / lack of visibility w.r.t deployments & refarming

BOM is directly hit

Carrier Aggregation:

Geographical Burden


Source:Qualcomm

LTE-Advanced: Carrier Aggregation

(CA) LTE Cat 9. 3x CA

DL: 450Mbps

UL: 100Mpbs Carrier Aggregation (CA)

up to 3 component carriers (CC)

9 systems Cat.9 in deployment, trial or test

(Jan.15)

49 commercial networks using LTE-A CA

(20 commercial on Cat.6 (300Mbps))

Voice in LTE (VoIP, CSFB, VoLTE, SRVCC) LTE Roll-out maturity

CSFB

CSFB: Circuit Switch Fall-Back

SRVCC: single Radio Voice Call

Continuity

VoLTE = IMS VoIP (SIP)

SRVCC

VoLTE is still not widely

deployed. Requires CAPEX

(IMS) & complex PCRF/IMS

mechanisms Multi-Radio

Multi-Radio

LTE only allowed

eMBMS - Venue-specific broadcast

- Live Sports/arena only

- Rich media

- Region-specific (Local) BCAST

- Local TV news/events

- Nation-wide BCAST

- World cup, NFL

- File Delivery (FLUTE) / FOTA

• Rel .10

• Counting ‘eMBMS interested UE’

only starts from Rel.10!

• Priority between eMBMS sessions

• DASH support

• Rel.11

• Service continuity

• Unicast File repair

• Rel.12

• Bcast/Unicast switching based on demand

• Counting: better accuracy

• MIMO

• Emergency alert

• Longer CP

Up to 17Mbps / 10MHz BW

Flexible carrier sharing [Unicast/Broadcast]

LTE-Advanced: eMBMS (Multicast Broadcast)

eMBMS still showcased

Around 16 Trials worldwide (Cf.GSA)


TD-LTE is gaining momentum

TD-LTE is becoming a Technology of Highest interest for Operators & Vendors

Strong Ecosystem growing fast…

LTE-Advanced: License Assisted Access

(LAA) • LTE – LAA (License Assisted

Access) in Unlicensed bands

(ISM @5GHz), by E// and QC

LTE Bearers

P-GWS-GW Peer

Entity

UE eNB

EPS Bearer

Radio Bearer S1 Bearer

End-to-end Service

External Bearer

Radio S5/S8

Internet

S1

E-UTRAN EPC

Gi

E-RAB S5/S8 Bearer

QoS parameters & QoS Class

Id (QCI) QCI Resource

Type Priority Packet

Delay Budget

(NOTE 1)

Packet Error Loss

Rate (NOTE 2)

Example Services

1 (NOTE 3)

2 100 ms 10-2

Conversational Voice

2 (NOTE 3)

GBR

4 150 ms 10-3

Conversational Video (Live Streaming)

3 (NOTE 3)

3 50 ms 10-3

Real Time Gaming

4 (NOTE 3)

5 300 ms 10-6

Non-Conversational Video (Buffered Streaming)

5 (NOTE 3)

1 100 ms 10-6

IMS Signalling

6 (NOTE 4)

6

300 ms

10-6

Video (Buffered Streaming) TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p file sharing, progressive video, etc.)

7 (NOTE 3)

Non-GBR 7

100 ms

10-3

Voice, Video (Live Streaming) Interactive Gaming

8 (NOTE 5)

8

300 ms

10-6

Video (Buffered Streaming) TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p file

9 (NOTE 6)

9 sharing, progressive video, etc.)

Source: 3GPP TS23.303

VoLTE

(IMS)

Video


VoLTE (GSMA IR.92) Timeline

« The need for 4G picocells and femtocells to enhance coverage and boost capacity if one of the important principles for Verizon’s LTE Network. »

Tony Melone – Verizon Wireless CTO – Sept. 2009

Early Adopters

2011: TRIALS

2012: COMMERCIAL

General Market

2011: CSFB

2012: TRIALS

2013: COMMERCIAL

craft revolution

SRVCC

« The need for 4G picocells and femtocells to enhance coverage and boost capacity if one of the important principles for Verizon’s LTE Network. »

Tony Melone – Verizon Wireless CTO – Sept. 2009

+2

year

+1

year

52

Rich Communications Suite

(RCS)

contacts chat File Sharing Video share

53

Rich Communications Suite

(RCS)

LTE Speed – Typical

Measurements (1/2)

LTE Speed – Typical

Measurements (2/2)

Verizon Wireless – LTE Coverage Map

(2015)

+500 Markets!

98% US population

4G-LTE Verizon Innovation

Smart phones

Galaxy Tab

M-Tablets

Verizon JetPack

MiFi Dongles

551L Droid - Xyboard

July 2012

ATT Coverage map (Warning

4G = HSPA+)

~40 Markets

150 Million POPs by end 2012

National coverage by end 2013

AT&T

July 2012

Summer 2011

USB Dongle ‘Momentum 4G’ MiFi ‘Elevate 4G’

Video Requirements

Vs

Device types & resolutions

LTE (Rel.8) Terminal

Categories: Reminder Most popular/available

LTE Discontinuous Reception (DRX)

principle

Ti: Continuous Reception ‘Inactivity Timer’

Trigger Short DRX = Micro-Sleep

Tis: Short DRX ‘Inactivity Timer’

Trigger Long DRX = Deeper Sleep

LTE Power Trace depending on

RRC states

Video Requirements – Baseline

targets Vs Device types (1/2)

Source: Motorola

Video Requirements – Baseline

targets Vs Device types (2/2)

Source: Santa-Clara Univ.

LTE Video – Number of Video

Streams Per sector (estimate) Source: Motorola

Cat.4 Terminal

DL: 150Mbps

UL: 50Mbps

67

Dynamic Adaptive Streaming

over HTTP (DASH)

3GPP Rel.10 (LTE-Advanced) & Beyond

Other HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming solutions

Microsoft

Silverlight

Smooth

Streaming

(MSS)

Adobe

HTTP

Dynamic

Streaming

(HDS)

Apple

HTTP

Live

Streaming

(HLS)

Adaptive Streaming Flow


Video Encoder Technology

Evolution

Video Coding Standardization -

Timeline

HEVC (H265) Gain ~ 40% over H264

3GPP Rel.12 (March 2014)

Available for Smartphones & Tablets in 2013 (no TV!)

Product Dimensioning:

HEVC benefits


HEVC (H2.65)

Traffic Types (Mbps) MPEG2 (H.262) MPEG4 AVC (H.264) 30%

SD 3 2 0,6

Comments [2.5 - 3.5] [1.2-3.5] [0.8-1.5]

HD 15 8 2,4

Comments [12-18] [5-11] [3-4.5]

4Kp30 15 4,5

Comments [12-18] [6-9]

Video

HEVC

Resolution Frame rate Bitrate saving average Bitrate Min saving Bitrate Max Saving

3840x2160 25 30,60% 22% 42,30%

1920x1080 50 29,20% 17% 46,30%

1280x720 50 24,70% 14,60% 36,60%

LTE steps into

Heterogeneous Networks

HetNets


Network of Networks, Internet of Things (IoT)

Presented by Interdigital: Globecom’11 – IWM2M, Houston


How to solve the Capacity

crunch? • Capacity crunch is experienced due to following major factors:

– Increased data consumption from Smartphone device

applications

– Signaling traffic overhead genereted by Smartphones

• Unoptimized applications too frequent and useless polling

– Flat rate service plans

– situation can be critical for some operators.

– Need for flexible solutions = Sandbox !!

HETEROGENEOUS NETWORKS is the solution = HetNets


Residential Macro Data Offload

Offload via WiFi and/or Femtocell

On average, more than 70% of traffic can still be Offloaded !


Offload Forecast


HetNets & Small Cells (LTE)


Femtocell ecosystem: 66 Operators

(1.99billion subscribers, 34%)


Femtocell ecosystem: 69 Technology

Providers

The ecosystem is now mature enough 4th IOT Plugfest in February 2012


Femtocell market status

36 Commercial Deployments in 23 countries, 15 Roll-out commitments in 2012


Femtocells Markets

Source: Informa Telecoms & Media

Femtocells Competitive Markets

Femtocells AP Forecast - 2014


eNB

MME / S-GW MME / S-GW

eNB

eNB

S1

S1

S1

S1

X2X2

X2

E-UTRAN

HeNB HeNB

HeNB GW

S1 S1

S1 S

1

HeNB

S1S1 S5

MME / S-GW

S1

X2X2

LTE Femto: HeNB

3GPP Rel.10


Residential Macro Data Offload

Offload via WiFi and/or Femtocell

On average, more than 70% of traffic can still be Offloaded !


Key Findings

Global Femtocell Survey

• Main driver for femtocells is in-building voice coverage – and is main driver for consumer rating of mobile operator Voice coverage

• Voice service improvement alone could prevent 42% of consumers switching operator in the next 12 months Churn Reduction

• 83% of heavy Wi-Fi phone users find femtocells very/extremely appealing

Wi-Fi complementary

• 68% of femtocell fans found at least one advanced femtocell service very/extremely appealing

Added-value services

6,100 consumers in 6 countries6,100 consumers in 6 countries

LTE Self-Organizing

Networks (SON)


LTE Self-Organizing Network

(SON) features

S1/X2 configuration


SON progress status w.r.t

3GPP Releases 8, 9, and 10

SON Concepts & Requirements

Self-Establishment of eNBs

SON Automatic Neighbour Relation (ANR) list Mgt

3GPP Rel.8

Study on SON related OAM interfaces for HNB

Study on Self-Healing of SON

SON – OAM Aspects

- SON Self-Optimization Mgt

- Automatic Radio Network Configuration Data preparation

SON

3GPP Rel.9

SON – OAM Aspects

- SON Self-Optimization Mgt Continuation

- SON Self-Healing Mgt

- OAM aspects of Energy saving in Radio Networks

LTE SON Enhancements

3GPP Rel.10


Support for Self-Configuration &

Self-Optimization • Self-Configuration

Process

– Basic Set-up

– Automatic Registration of

nodes in the system

– Initial Radio Configuration

• Self-Optimization Process

– Ue & eNB measurements

and performance

measurements are used to

auto-tune the network

eNB power on

(or cable connected)

(A) Basic Setup

(B) Initial Radio

Configuration

(C) Optimization /

Adaptation

a-1 : configuration of IP address

and detection of OAM

a-2 : authentication of eNB/NW

a-3 : association to aGW

a-4 : downloading of eNB software

(and operational parameters)

b-2 : coverage/capacity related

parameter configuration

b-1 : neighbour list configuration

c-1 : neighbour list optimisation

c-2 : coverage and capacity control

Self-Configuration

(pre-operational state)

Self-Optimisation

(operational state)

LTE-Advanced


LTE-Advanced (Rel.10) and

Beyond (Rel.11)

Rel.11


LTE-Advanced: System

Performance Requirements

Support of Wider Bandwidth

Carrier Aggregation up to 100MHz

MIMO Techniques extension

DL: up to 8 layers

UL: up to 4 layers

Coordinated Multiple Point (CoMP)

(Rel.11)

Relaying

L1 & L3 relaying

Uu

Un

Uu

Un

LTE-Advanced

Architecture & Services

Enhancements • LIPA

• SIPTO

• IFOM

• Relaying

• MTC (M2M)


LTE-Advanced: Local IP Access

(LIPA)


LIPA solution for HeNB using

Local PDN Connection


LTE-Advanced: Selected IP

Traffic Offload (SIPTO)


LTE-Advanced: IP Flow Mobility

and Seamless Offload (IFOM)

• IP Flow Mobility and Seamless Offload

(IFOM) is used to carry (simultaneously)

some of UE’s traffic over WIFI to offload

Femto Access!

IETF RFC-5555, DSMIPv6


Machine-Type Communications

(MTC) in 3GPP

3GPP Rel.8

TR 22.868

Study on Facilitating

Machine to Machine

Communications in GSM

and UMTS

3GPP Rel.9

TR 33.812

Study on Security Aspects

of Remote Provisioning

and Change of

Subscription for M2M

Equipment

3GPP Rel.10

TR 23.888

TR 22.368

Network Improvement for

Machine-Type-

Communications

(NIMTC)

Study on RAN

improvements for MTC Study on GERAN

improvements for MTC

3GPP Rel.11

System Improvements for

MTC

(SIMTC)

Study on Alternatives to

E.164 for MTC

Study on Enhancements

for MTC

(MTC)

Stage 1, Stage 2

for NIMTCSecurity for IMTC

CN part of NIMTC (Stage 3)


M2M European R&D Innovation:

FP7 EXALTED • EXpAnding LTE for Devices

LTE MTC: Cat.0 (Rel.12) & Beyond


Source: Ericsson

MTC

• Low Cost (Reduced

complexity)

• Low throughput (1Mbps

maxi)

• Better

penetration/Coverage

• 15-20dB enhanced

• 5-10 years battery life

• Long sleep cycles

(x100)

• Add-ons

• D2D

• LTE-U


NGMN – LTE Backhaul

IPSec +14%

LTE Small Cells Deployment will change Rules for Backhaul Provisioning Need for more Research

Architecture / PHY / Synchronization (e.g. PTP (1588), SyncE, Hybrid…)

X2 ~ [ 4 - 10%] S1

Traffic Volume:

Source: Ericsson

GTP/MIP overhead ~10%

Source: Ericsson


TVWS for Backhaul


LTE in TVWS


LTE Royalty Level: Need for Patent Pool

facilitation?

© 2011 Sisvel (www.sisvel.com)

14.8%14.8%

LTE/SAE Declarations to ETSI by PO 4076 declarations (March 2011)

Critical constraint for Femtocells

is COST EFFICIENCY!!


LTE & 4G patents

6000+ patents

$4.5 billion

$2.6 billion

$770 Million $340 Million

$12.5 billion

24000+ patents

WHO’s NEXT?…

Risk to ‘Kill’ the Business…

Especially in Vertical Markets!


Verizon LTE Innovation Center

Office in the Box Connected Home (incl. eHealth)

Bicycle LiveEdge.TV

LTE Connected Car

WiFi – Cellular

Convergence


Fixed/Mobile Convergence

It’s Mandatory to propose integrated Architectures Taking advantage of Wireless/Wired systems (e.g. 3G, LTE, WiFi, WiGig, DAS, RoF, PLC…)

Source: BT Wholesale


WBA – Roadmap

Small intelligent Cross-Cell (SiXC)™


Hotspot 2.0 (HS2.0) - NGH

Built directly into device



Multitude of 3rd Party Connection Managers:Multitude of 3rd Party Connection Managers:Multitude of 3rd Party Connection Managers:

Source: Cisco

Enhancing WiFi to be more ‘Cellular’

Smart Grids


Smart Grid in Brief…


SMART GRIDS

G3 PLC

Residential area

Urban area

Isolated area

Bulk Generation

Hydraulic

Bulk Generation

nuclear

Industry

)))

Energy

Security

Comfort

Health

Ethernet

WiFi

3G/

LTE

FMC &

Multimedia

Micro-

generation

Micro-

generation

ADSL, FTTH,

…

Enable new Markets &

added-value Services

Provide Power Quality

For the Digital Economy

Active participation by

consumers

Self-Healing:

Anticipate & respond to

System Disturbances

Optimize Asset utilization

&

Operate efficiently

- 234 Million Smart Meters to be

deployed worldwide by end 2015

- 35 Million Smart Meters

worldwide shipment in 2015

European 20/20/20 target for year 2020:

- 20% cut in Greenhouse gas emission

- 20% rise in Renewable energy usage

- 20% cut in Energy consumption


Smart Grid overview


Smart Energy Management


EU Vs US

Smart Grid Strategy EU

Background: a fragmented electricity market

Deregulation of electricity in some EC states

Vision:

Start with a smart metering

infrastructure then extend to a smart grid

network

US

Background: an aging power grid

Vision:

Smart meters and AMI are part of the

toolbox that allows to build a smart grid

infrastructure

Need for a global (architecture) approach and for regional implementation

ETSI, as a global and EU based ICT standards organization, is ideally placed

Remote Meter

Management

Smart

Metering

Smart

Home

Consumption

Awareness

Demand

Response

Smart

Grids

Smart

Grids

AMI Distribution

Grid

management

Electrical

Transpor

tation

Wide Area

Situational

Awareness

…

AMI: Advanced Metering Infrastructure


Smart Grid Value Chain: Actors & Roles

TSO: Transmission System Operator

GenCo: Generation Conmpany

DSO: Distribution System Operator

VPP: Virtual Power Plant

DG: Dispersed Generation


Smart Grid: Functional Split

IEEE 802.15.4g

Wi-SUN (IEEE 802.15.4g)

Gas/Electricity/Water Meter application

Dosimeter application

Source: NICT

Not suitable for

LRLP scenarios.

This is Field Area

Network (FAN)

category


Grids meet Telcos

Smart Grid Mapping


Source: SGCG/M490/Oct.2012

DER: Distributed Energy Resources


Automated Meter Management

(AMM)/Smart Meter benefits

Demand Side Management and reduction of CO2:

Reduction of peak load by consumers information

Easier connection for distributed generation Soft shedding systems

Better network observability

Demand side management and better fraud detection in small isolated system will limit tariff compensation

Automated Meter

Management:Data storage

Events storage

Remotely managed

Automated Meter

Management:Data storage

Events storage

Remotely managed

Well-functioning internal Market:

Better consumers information

Better frequency and quality of billing data

Assist the participation of consumers in the electricity supply market

Easier access to data (IS or TIC)

Reduction of cost and delay of interventions

Reduction of operatingsystem costs:

Reduction of reading and interventions costs

Reduction of “non technical losses”

Reduction of treatment of billing claim

Easier quality of supply management

No need of user presence to do simple operations


Smart Meters Market (USA)


European Commission: Mandate

M441 / Smart Meter

« The General objective of this mandate is to create

European standards that will enable interoperability of utility meters

(water, gas, electricity, heat), which can then improve the means by which

Customers’ awareness of actual consumption can be raised

in order to allow timely adaptation to their demands

(commonly referred to as ‘smart metering’) »


European Commission: Mandate

M441 / Smart Meter


Electricity Meters: French status

33 millions meters, ¾ electromechanical Only 7.5 millions meters of ERDF (French main DSO) are electronic.

Little or no communicating: Each demand of cut, reactivation, tariff or power subscribed

modification needs a DSO intervention,

Only electronic meters have a “TIC” port transmitting metering info.

At most two reading a year Biannual reading by an operator needs, in 50% cases, user to be at

home.

Suppliers offers limited by access tariff structure Suppliers can’t have their own peak, peak-off,…

‘Blue’ Meter Multi-index

electromechanical Meter Electronic Meter

16.5 Million meters

9 Million meters

7.5 Million meters Linky

AMM


Linky high level architecture & service

AMM

limit

open

prot

ocol

PLC

GPRS DSO

Suppliers

Dry C.new TIC

Users

Euridis port interoperabilityinteroperability

35M

meters

700k

concentrators

AMM

limit

open

prot

ocol

PLC

GPRS DSO

Suppliers

Dry C.new TIC

Users

Euridis port interoperabilityinteroperability interoperabilityinteroperabilityinteroperability

35M

meters

700k

concentrators

Illustration : modification de puissance souscrite

L’installation électrique

disjoncte, suite à l’installation

d’un nouvel appareil électrique

1

Le client appelle son fournisseur

d’électricité qui identifie le besoin

de modification de puissance

2

Le fournisseur demande à

ERDF d’effectuer l’intervention

3

ERDF donne l’ordre à distance,

via le système Linky

La puissance est adaptée à la

demande du client, sans

intervention d’un technicien ERDF

L’installation électrique ne

disjoncte plus

4

Prestations *

réalisées à distance

Apports de Linky

A la date souhaitée

par le client

Sans intervention

technicien ERDF

* Interventions et relevés

Illustration : modification de puissance souscrite




1




1




1




2




2




2



3



3

ERDF donne l’ordre à distance,






disjoncte plus

4ERDF donne l’ordre à distance,






disjoncte plus

4

Prestations *

réalisées à distance

Apports de Linky

A la date souhaitée

par le client

Sans intervention

technicien ERDF

* Interventions et relevés


Smart Metering (High level)

architecture

Smart Elec. Smart Water

Appliances

Temperature

Light

Wind Turbine

Solar Panel

Smart Gas

Meters Coms

Home displays TV, Computer

In-Home Energy Display

Breaker Valves

Gateway

Data Center

Wan Communication


To Smart

Building

Front-end

communication

server

Application

server

Energy

operator

SAGEM

Communications

Energy

Collection

Unit

Energ

y

boxes Load

management

AMR

Micro-

generation

Local

Display

From

Smart

Home www

WAN: Wifi Ethernet GPRS

ENERGY GATEWAY

WAN: Wifi Ethernet GPRS

LAN LAN

Real Time !


Smart Metering: Deployment

illustration

Communication Networks

Mapping

© Thierry Lestable, 2012 131 Source: SGCG/M490/Oct.2012

Communication Technologies Mapping

© Thierry Lestable, 2012 132 Source: SGCG/M490/Oct.2012


G3 PLC (OFDM)

Tone notching for

S-FSK compatibility

30 kHz 90 kHz

Tone notching for

S-FSK compatibility

30 kHz 90 kHz

G3

OFDM System on CENELEC band A

PHY Details

FEC: Reed-Solomon (RS) + CC

(+Repetition code for robust mode)

Modulation: DBPSK, DQPSK, (D8PSK)

Link Adaptation

CP-OFDM

Nfft = 256

~34Kbps

Extension of initial G3 PLC is now available

To cover higher CENELEC bands:

B/C/BC/D/BCD/BD : [98.4 – 146.8] KHz

IETF 6LoWPAN / LOAD Routing

MAC: IEEE 802.15.4

PHY: G3 PLC (OFDM)

Co-existence

G1 G3 •Transformer MV/LV traversal

•Repeater capability


Need for Trust, Privacy & Security Customer behaviour (privacy) can be easily Identified, classified, and exploited commercially

intrusive.


Connected Home – Connected

Living

Smart Vehicular

environments

From Connected Car

To

Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)


Smart Car connectivity


Smart Car: Entertainment


Smart Car: Entertainment

LTE radio

Kids VoD Music & Video

Streaming News, social Net

Videos, music, sport OS,

touchscreen user interface

Media players…


Urban Transit: smart Travel Station


ITS overview


Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) Security & Safety

• Stolen vehicle tracking

• eCall Services

• Roadside Assistance

This market is expected to grow significantly thanks to country

specific regulation : in US with E911 & E912 directives (“GM Onstar”

standard launched in the Americas by GM and ChevyStar), in Brazil

with tracking device required in all new cars from mid2009; in Europe

with eCall from 2011: from 6M OBU in 2012 to 9M in 2013 (Movea).

Insurance

• Monitor leased & mortgaged vehicles

• Pay as you drive solutions with Crown

Telecom 24Horas in Brazil (VW), other in

France & Italy.

Road Charge

• DSRC Module

• GPS Tolling capabilities

This market is expected to grow

significantly thanks to environmental

policies in developed countries (Toll

Collect in Germany, Czech Rep,

Kilometre Price in NL, Ecotaxe in

France) and to efficient toll collect

programs in emerging countries.

Navigation & Driver Services

• Dynamic Traffic Information

• Route Calculation

• Real-time Alerts

Very fragmented market.

Interests in

automotive market


Dedicated Short Range

Communications (DSRC) Feature Europe Japan

Frequency Band 5.8GHz 915 MHz 5.9GHz 5.8GHz

Max Throughput

(Mbps)

DL: 0.5

UL: 0.250.5 27

DL/UL: 1

to 4

Standard CEN

ARIB

STD

T75 &

T88

IEEE 802.11p/1609

North America

CEN DSRC norms Year Topic

EN 12253 2004 L1 - PHY @ 5.8GHz

EN 12795 2003 L2 - Data Link Layer (DLL)

EN 12834 2003 L7 - Application Layer

EN 13372 2004 DSRC profiles for RTTT

EN ISO 14906 2004 Electronic Fee Collection

CEN DSRC is not sufficient for V2V and V2I communications!


WAVE, DSRC & IEEE 802.11p

• WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments) – Mode of operation used by IEEE 802.11 devices to

operate in the DSRC band

• DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communications) – ASTM Standard E2213-03, based on IEEE 802.11a

– Name of the 5.9GHz band allocated for the ITS communications

• IEEE 802.11p – Based on ASTM Standard E2213-03

• DSRC Devices


WAVE, DSRC protocol Stack


WAVE: Key components

• IEEE 1609

– P1609.1: Resource Manager

– P1609.2: Security Services for Applications &

Mgt Msgs

– P1609.3: Networking Services

– P1609.4: Multi-Channel Operations


DSRC

• New DSRC (based on 802.11a)

OLD NEW

North America


DSRC: Performance Enveloppe North America


European Commission Mandate


European Commission Mandate

• Legal Environment

• Standard Environment


ETSI ITS: Roadmap 2009-2011


V2V and V2R Communications

• Typical V2V

applications

– Accidents

– Congestions

– Blind spot warning

– Lane change

• Typical V2R

applications

– Road Works areas

– Speed limits

– intersections

V2V: Vehicle-to-Vehicle

V2R: Vehicle-to-Roadside (infrastructure)


ITS: Road Transport / Safety

• R2V communications – Roadside equipment sends warning messages

– On board equipment receives these messages

– Driver is made aware well in advance and has more time to react

– Examples

• Road works areas, speed limits, dangerous curves, intersections


ITS: Road Transport / Safety

• V2V communications – Dedicated vehicles send warning messages to other road users

– On board equipment receives these messages

– Driver is made aware of such events and can react accordingly

– Examples

• Emergency services, traffic checks, dragnet controls


ETSI ITS: Automotive Radar • Anti-Collision radar

– blind spot warning, lane change, obstacles, parking

– EN 302 288 (24 GHz), EN 302 264 (79 GHz)

• Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) – define desired interval and maximum speed to follow traffic

– vehicle sets corresponding speed automatically

– increase of traffic fluidity, decrease of emissions and fuel

consumption

– EN 301 091 (77 GHz)


ETSI ITS: Electronic Fee Collection

• Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) – 5,8 GHz frequency band mostly used

– Base Standards elaborated by CEN • EN 12795, EN 12834, EN 13372

– Specifications for Conformance Testing elaborated by ETSI • TS 102 486 standards family

• An envisaged component of the European Electronic Toll Service (EETS)

• Alternative deployments possible, e.g. – fees for ferries and tunnels

– parking fees

• Unique ID required – service provider approach


ETSI ITS: Road Transport

Traffic Management • Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT)

– Navigation

– Traffic conditions • avoiding congestions

• finding alternative routes

– Road conditions • ice warnings

• floods

• Real Time Traffic Information (RTTI) – RDS-TMC (Traffic Management Channel) for FM broadcast

– Transport Protocol Experts Group (TPEG) for DAB/DMB/DVB

• Future complementary deployments – Vehicle-to-vehicle communications

• e.g. congestion messages delivered to broadcasters

– Roadside-to-vehicle communications • e.g. ice sensors on bridges


New European Allocation & PHY: ITS-G5 Frequency

range

Usage Regulation Harmonized

standard

5 905 MHz to

5 925 MHz

Future ITS

applications

ECC Decision [i.9]

ECC Decision [i.9],

Commission Decision [i.13]

5 855 MHz to

5 875 MHz

ITS non-safety

applications

ECC Recommendation [i.7]

ERC Decision [i.8]

Commission Decisions [i.11] and [i.12]

EN 302 571 [1]

5 875 MHz to

5 905 MHz

ITS road safety

5 470 MHz to

5 725 MHz

RLAN (BRAN,

WLAN)

EN 301 893 [2]

ITS

ro

ad

sa

fety

(IT

S-G

5A

)

Fu

ture

IT

S a

pp

lica

tio

ns

ITS

no

n-s

afe

ty a

pp

lica

tio

ns (

ITS

-G5

B)

5 500 5 550 5 600 5 650 5 700 5 750 5 800 5 850 5 900 MHz

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

dBm/MHz30

DSRC

downlink

DSRC

uplink

DSRC out

of band

BRAN / RLAN / WLAN (ITS-G5C)

Channel type Centre

frequency

Channel

spacing

Default data

rate

TX power

limit

TX power

density limit

G5CC 5 900 MHz 10 MHz 6 Mbit/s 33 dBm EIRP 23 dBm/MHz

G5SC2 5 890 MHz 10 MHz 12 Mbit/s 23 dBm EIRP 13 dBm/MHz



G5SC4 5 860 MHz 10 MHz 6 Mbit/s 0 dBm EIRP -10 dBm/MHz

30 dBm EIRP

(DFS master)

17 dBm/MHz

23 dBm EIRP

(DFS slave)

10 dBm/MHz

dependent on

channel

spacing

G5SC5 As required in

[2] for the

band

5 470 MHz to

5 725 MHz

several

The physical layer of ITS-G5 shall be compliant with the profile of IEEE 802.11 –

orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) PHY specification for the 5 GHz band


Railways & aeronautics

• Railways – European Rail Traffic

Management System (ERTMS)

• GSM-R

• European Train Control System (ETCS)

– GSM-R • Dedicated &

harmonized frequency band for Railways

• Air-to-Air & Air-to-Ground communications & Navigation Systems

• Single European Sky – Moving Air Traffic Ctrl

Regulation to the European Level

• GSM & RLAN onboard – LBS

– Passenger information

Thanks for your attention!

Engineering

Cnam2015 m2 m -iot - course 2 - warming - v(0.2)