GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITYChandkheda, Ahmedabad

Affiliated

K.J.I.T, Savali

A Project Report On

NEXT GEN BIODIESEL ENGINE

Under subject of DESIGN ENGINEERING – IB B. E.

Semester – IV AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

Submitted by:

Sr. Name of student Enrollment No. 1 Yash Prakashbhai Ambekar 1306401020042 Jaykumar Lalit Desai 1306401020153 Yash Arvindbhai Prajapati 1306401020484 Rocky Jagdishbhai Yadav 130640102052

Mr. Ronak Suthar (Faculty Guide)

Mr. Bhavin Pandya (HOD)

Academic year(2014-2015)

Contents1. Introduction

Name of the team About team members About guide and mentor What is Design Thinking?

2. AEIOU SheetsActivitiesEnvironmentInteractionsObjects Users

3. Empathy Mapping Users Stakeholders Activities Story

4. Ideation Canvas People Activities

Situation/context Props/Possible Solution

5. Product Development Canvas Product Experience Product Function Components People Customer Revalidation

6. Learning Need Matrix (LNM) TheoryPurpose/Project ConceptApplicable Standards and Design SpecificationsComponent Materials’ strength CriteriaSoftware/Simulation/Skill/Mathematical RequirementTools/Methods/Theories/application Process Involved

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

To innumerable websites in the internet, and to all those who have uploaded their knowledge, imaginations, ideas, graphic skills etc., on these websites. Also, to all those from pre-historic days to today, who have registered their knowledge, imaginations, thoughts etc., through different means and mediums.Also Dr. M. Y. Vaijanapurkar M. E. , Ph. D (IIT Kh) and Mr. Ronak Suthar for showing the correct path and guiding us. Not forgetting other faculty of the college who gave their contribution till their extent.

DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the DE-IB Report Submitted Along With The Canvas SheetsEntitled “Next Gen Biodiesel Engine” In Partial Fulfillment For 4th Semester Automobile Engineering Of GTU, Ahmedabad During The Academic Year 2014-15 under the supervision of Mr. Ronak Suthar and that no part of these DE-IB reports has been directly copied from any students reports or taken from any other source, without providing the reference.

YASH PRAKASHBHAI AMBEKAR (130640102004)

JAYKUMAR LALITKUMAR DESAI (130640102015)

YASH ARVINDBHAI PRAJAPATI (130640102048)

ROCKY JAGDISHBHAI YADAV (130640102052)

Internal Guide Head of Department

CERTIFICATE

This Is To Certify That DE-IB Report Submitted Along With The Canvas SheetsEntitled “Next Gen Biodiesel Engine” Has Been Carried Out By Yash Ambekar, Desai Jaykumar, Prajapati Yash and Rocky Yadav Under My Guidance In Partial Fulfillment For 4th Semester Automobile Engineering Of GTU, Ahmedabad During The Academic Year 2014-15.These Students Have successfully Completed DE-IB activity under my guidance.

Internal Guide Head of Department

Yash Ambekar

Yash P. Ambekar is a student of Automobile Engg. Department of K.J.I.T Savali. He has helped in gathering the information regarding the topic. He has good knowledge about managing the finance. He has also helped in completing the Canvas Sheets neatly. His sincerity regarding the project is appreciable. His contribution regarding the DE-IB is appreciable and worthwhile.

Jay Desai Jay L. Desai is a student of Automobile Engg. Department of K.J.I.T Savali. He has got ability to handle the situation tactfully. He does not gets panic in any of the situation. He patiently works with the group mates and listen to each and every opinion of the team. He has got the ability to manage the team.His contribution regarding the DE-IB is appreciable and worthwhile.

Yash Prajapati Yash A. Prajapati is a student of Automobile Engg. Department of K.J.I.T Savali. He has helped in collecting the basic information about the project. He has helped in preparing the final Report for the same. He has good quality of creating the friendly environment among the group mates. He works with the team mates without any expectations. His sincerity regarding the project is appreciable. His contribution regarding the DE-IB is appreciable and worthwhile.

Rocky Yadav Rocky J. Yadav is a student of Automobile Engg. Department of K.J.I.T Savali. He has got ability of finding handy solutions at critical stages, which are very helpful. His compatibility with the Group mates is good and friendly. He creates humourous environment while working. His sincerity regarding the project is appreciable. His contribution regarding the DE-IB is appreciable and worthwhile.

Mr. Ronak Suthar

Mr. Ronak Suthar (M.E.) is the Asst. Professor in Mechanical Department at K.J.I.T.,Savali.He is one of the devoted faculty of the department. He is very polite and has good knowledge about his field. His happy to help nature is really appreciable. Without his guidance this project was not possible. His Contribution at each level of this project is worthwhile.

Dr. M.Y. Vaijanapurkar (M.E. Ph.D, IIT, Kharagpur ) was the Principal of K.J.I.T., Savali . He is one of the Best experienced faculty of the college. He is always happy to help and guide the students regarding exams, projects ,etc. His guidance is very helpful and worth.His polite and positive attitude towards students is really appreciable. His Contribution at each level of this project is worthwhile.

 Design Thinking is human-centered

Design thinking has come to be defined as combining empathy for the context of a problem, creativity in the generation of insights and solutions, and rationality in analyzing and fitting various solutions to the problem context. According to our team the goal of Design Thinking is "matching people’s needs with what is technologically feasible and viable as a business strategy". The premise of teaching Design Thinking is that by knowing about how to successfully approach and solve difficult, multi-dimensional problems - more specifically, effective methods to ideate, select and execute solutions - individuals and businesses will be able to improve their own problem solving processes and skills. There is also significant academic interest in understanding how designers think and design cognition.

Design thinking is a formal method for practical, creative resolution of problems and creation of solutions, with the intent of an improved future result. In this regard it is a form of solution-based , or solution-focused thinking; starting with a goal (a better future situation) instead of solving a specific problem. By considering both present and future conditions and parameters of the problem, alternative solutions may be explored simultaneously. Cross asserted that this type of thinking most often happens in the built, or artificial, environment (as in artifacts).

Focus on people / customers and their needs and not on a specific technology or other conditions.

Methods therefore used are observations, interviews, brainstorming, prototyping… Innovating at the intersection of business, technology and people leads to radical,

new experience innovation. The user is the one to decide if a product or a service should exist or be established

In short Design Thinking is a process through which we can make or modify new technology for betterment of common people.

AEIOU SHEETS

AEIOU FrameworkAEIOU is a heuristic to help interpret observations gathered by ethnographic practice in industry. Its two primary functions are to code data, and to develop building blocks of models that will ultimately address the objectives and issues of a client.

Taxonomies

AEIOU stands for 5 elements to be coded: Activity, Environment, Interaction, Object, and User.

Activities are goal-directed sets of actions—paths towards things people want to accomplish. What are the modes people work in, and the specific activities and processes they go through?

Environments include the entire arena where activities take place. What is the character and function of the space overall, of each individual's spaces, and of shared spaces?

Interactions are between a person and someone or something else; they are the building blocks of activities. What is the nature of routine and special interactions between people, between people and objects in their environment, and across distances?

Objects are building blocks of the environment, key elements sometimes put to complex or unintended uses (thus changing their function, meaning and context). What are the objects and devices people have in their environments and how do they relate to their activities.

Users are the people whose behaviors, preferences, and needs are being observed. Who is there? What are their roles and relationships? What are their values and prejudices?

Activities

Environment

Interactions

Objects

Users

EMPATHY MAPPING CANVAS

USERS: PUBLIC FARMERS DESIGNERS ENGINEERS DEVELOPERS MANUFACTURERS

STAKEHOLDERS: TRANSPORTERS EXPORTERS AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRIES LOCOMOTIVE INDUSTRIES

ACTIVITIES:

PRODUCTION OF BIO-DIESEL REFINING OF SEEDS TRANSESTERIFICATION BLENDING

NEXT GEN. ENGINE REFINMENT CHANGED PIPING NEW IGNITION SYSTEM

HAPPY

Biodiesel fuel is a renewable energy source unlike petroleum-based diesel. An excessive production of soybeans in the world makes it an economic way to utilize this surplus for manufacturing the Biodiesel fuel. One of the main biodiesel fuel advantages is that it is less polluting than petroleum diesel. The lack of sulfur in 100% biodiesel extends the life of catalytic converters. Another of the advantages of biodiesel fuel is that it can also be blended with other energy resources and oil. Biodiesel fuel can also be used in existing oil heating systems and diesel engines without making any alterations. It can also be distributed through existing diesel fuel pumps, which is another biodiesel fuel advantage over other alternative fuels. The lubricating property of the biodiesel may lengthen the lifetime of engines.

SAD

At present, Biodiesel fuel is bout one and a half times more expensive than petroleum diesel fuel.It requires energy to produce biodiesel fuel from soy crops, plus there is the energy of sowing, fertilizing and harvesting. Another biodiesel fuel disadvantage is that it can harm rubber hoses in some engines. As Biodiesel cleans the dirt from the engine, this dirt can then get collected in the fuel filter, thus clogging it. So, filters have to be changed after the first several hours of biodiesel use. Biodiesel fuel distribution infrastructure needs improvement, which is another of the biodiesel fuel disadvantages.

CONCLUSION:

1) Users are clearly mentioned and stakeholders are defined.2) Activities regarding the project to be conducted step by step. 3) In story boarding it is clearly understood which part may be difficult and which

will be tactfully conquered.

IDEATION CANVAS:

PEOPLE:

PUBLIC FARMERS DESIGNERS ENGINEERS DEVELOPERS MANUFACTURERS

ACTIVITIES:

PRODUCTION OF BIO-DIESEL REFINING OF SEEDS TRANSESTERIFICATION BLENDING

NEXT GEN. ENGINE REFINMENT CHANGED PIPING NEW IGNITION SYSTEM

SITUATION/CONTEXT:

PUBLIC TRANSPORTPRIVATE VEHICLESLOCOMOTIVESINDUSTRIESPOWER PLANTSAGRICULTUREGENERATORS

PROPS/POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS:BIO-DIESEL PRODUCTION:

SEED CRUSHERS PUMPS BLENDERS FILTERS REFINERS

ENGINE DESIGNING:

TOOL BOX PIPE CUTTERS MOULDS DRILL MACHINE BORING MACHINE

Should be considered for use as an alternative and not a primary fuel. Short and long term environmental benefits will be worth while. Storage Issues with Stability and Transportation issues with high cost of delivered fuel compared to fossil fuels. Fuel-supply reliability. Lack of understanding of environmental impact – Nox emissions. Complexity of biomass-power infrastructure compared to known well established coal and natural gas markets.

PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS PURPOSE:

AGRICULTURE TRANSPORTATION POWER GENERATION

PRODUCT EXPERIENCE:

SUBSIDY AVAILABLEHIGH INITIAL COSTNOT WIDELY USED

PRODUCT FUNCTION:

RENEWABLESUSTAINABLELOWER EMISSIONS

COMPONENTS:

TITANIUM VALVESHEAT EXCHANGERPOLYMER PIPEFILTERSFUEL INJECTORSEXHAUST SYSTEM

PEOPLE:

PUBLIC FARMERS DESIGNERS ENGINEERS DEVELOPERS MANUFACTURERS ENVIRONMENTALISTS

CUSTOMER REVALIDATIONLESS AVAILABLEENVIRONMENT FRIENDLYHIGH INITIAL COSTEQUALLY POWERFUL ENGINE AS COMPARED TO PRESENT ONES.

75 years of diesel vehicles.B5 and B20 engine approvals. Most biodiesel applications = heavy- and medium-duty vehicles. Biodiesel fueling of light-duty vehicles is less common. Diesel engines = compression-ignited (CI).Gasoline engines = spark-ignited (SI).More torque. Most diesel engines can run on biodiesel blends of 5% to 20% with little or no modification. The use of conventional diesel leaves a deposit in the bottom of fuel lines, tanks, and delivery systems over time. The use of biodiesel can dissolve this sediment and result in the need to change filters more frequently when first using biodiesel until the whole system has been cleaned of the deposits left by the conventional diesel.

To make The Engine as light as possible and to increase the use of biodiesel so that the fuel that are on verge of extinction finds the better alternative in the near future.

Learning NeedsMatrix (LNM) Theory

DescriptionA training/competency matrix is a tool used to document and compare the required competencies for a position with the current skill level of the employees performing the roles.It is used in a gap analysis for determining where you have critical training needs and as a tool for managing people development. It can also be used in succession planning as a means of identifying employees who have critical skills needed for promotion.

Benefits Provides a comprehensive view of all the skills and behaviors needed. Aids in managing your training budget because it identifies skill gaps across

your organization rather than just one person at a time. Assists with planning by helping you identify and target new skill areas that

you might need for the long term. Helps managers with development planning by providing a framework of

common skills required.

LNM Sheet

In this sheet we studied various topics such as Performance parameters, Basic construction Of diesel engine and it’s assembly, Parts and material specifications, Properties Of oil (Soyabean oil, karanja, Mahua ,etc).

Also we are able to justify and decide what Materials, Parts, software etc. will be needed further.

LNM Sheet helped us to decide various needs that will be helpful and handy in further study.

REFERENCE

www.ideo.com www.howstuffworks.com www.wikipedia.com www.biodiesel.org Internal Combustion engines By V.Ganesan. IC Engines by Mathur & Sharma. Automobile Engineering By Dr. Kirpal Singh. Alternative Fuels By Dr. Kirpal Singh. Also different books and other websites.

Material compatibility—Depending on the engine make model and model year, the engine components that come in contact with the fuel can be made from incompatible materials.

Oil dilution—A possibility exists with all engines that some fuel will make its way into the engine’s crankcase and dilute the lubricating oil. Over time, the accumulated fuel can amount to a significant proportion of the engine’s oil capacity. What happens to the lubricating oil and engine components that come into contact with the oil/fuel mixture can have an impact on engine durability and longevity.

Fuel injection equipment—Impacts on fuel injectors, filters and other fuel system components can cause a significant deterioration in engine performance.

Emission control system—Emission aftertreatment systems, including catalysts and particulate filters, can be negatively

affected by biodiesel fuels. Increased engine emissions or shortened durability of emission components can result.

In the initial period of biodiesel commercialization, from the 1990s to the early 2000s, neat biodiesel was available at the pump in some geographical areas, for example in Germany. Due to the fuel compatibility issues, the trend is to limit the usage of biodiesel to low level blends. B5 blends have been generally accepted by fuel injection and engine manufacturers worldwide. European car manufacturers have reached a consensus to allow B7 as the maximum blend level. Adoption of the ASTM D7467 standard opened the door for increased use of blends up to B20 in North America.