PowerPoint Presentation

By: Hosam S. RayesDEVELOPMENT OF HYDROGEN FUELED TRANSPORT ENGINE AND FIELD TESTS ON VEHICLES

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AIMS OF THE REPORTOVERVIEWMETHODOLOGYEXPERIMENTAL TEST RIGRESULTS AND DISCUSSIONDEVELOPMENT OF HYDROGEN OPERATED VEHICLECONCLUSIONS

CONTENTS

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highlights the modifications that can be done in three wheelers vehicle to ensure smooth operation without any undesirable combustion phenomena such as backfire and rapid rate of pressure rise.

Evaluate the Performance and exhaust emission characteristics of the engine to ensure if they meet the requirements for vehicular operation or not.

AIMS OF THE REPORT

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The fleet of hydrogen three wheelers developed

AIMS OF THE REPORT

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OVERVIEW

OVERVIEWThe vehicles emit their tail pipe emission closer to the ground and into densely populated regions.According to World Health Organization (WHO) 3.7 million deaths are attributed to outdoor air pollution.The idea of hydrogen energy as a potential replacement to fossil fuel was formally presented at The Hydrogen Economy Miami Energy (THEME) Conference in 1975.

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OVERVIEWVerhlest research group pin points three major issues commonly faced during hydrogen operation as:

lower power produced. NOx emission. backfire.

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OVERVIEWSuwanchotchoung research group reported that with continuous fuel delivery, such as with a carburetor, the incoming fuel air mixture often comes in contact with the residual hot reacting gases and causes backfire.Varde research group studied the backfire control by late injection

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OVERVIEWEquivalence ratio suitable for hydrogen engine operation

Hydrogen engine can be operated in ultra lean conditions 0.23 to 1unstable combustion, engines are operated at ER range of 0.4 to 1

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OVERVIEWshows the comparison between major properties of hydrogen and gasoline

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OVERVIEWValve lift profile with injection zone representation

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METHODOLOGY

Engine system development for hydrogen operation:single cylinder 396 cc gasoline engine with a carburetor.modified for bi-fuel operation (gasoline and hydrogen)

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METHODOLOGY

adjustments of operating parameters and other modifications of the vehicular engine:

Compression ratio: 9.5/1 in three wheeler engineSpark plug: iridium instead of the usual platinumFuel induction system: late timed manifold injection Lambda sensorsElectronic Control Unit (ECU)Flashback arrestorExhaust emissions

catalytic reaction with platinum can cause a hot spot in the combustion chamber lower equivalence ratio range of under 0.6air flow sensor, engine rpm sensor, signal from cam sensor, Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) sensor and exhaust lambda sensorflashback arrestor: backfire the flame does not travel back to hydrogen gas supplySystem

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Hydrogen fuel injection system

METHODOLOGY

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Variation of NO x with equivalence ratio

METHODOLOGY

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Optimized equivalence ratio operation for engine operationEXPERIMENTAL TEST RIG

0.84 to 1.40.45 to 0.6

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Layout of experimental setupEXPERIMENTAL TEST RIG

The NOx emissions were measured without any after-treatment device17

Results and discussion

Variation of breake torque with engine speed

= 0.84 and = 0.88 at 1200 rpm and 1600 rpm13.2Nm@3200 rpm where as the maximum torque was 19.5@2800 rpm for gasoline operation.

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Results and discussion

Variation of breake power with engine speed

4.8 kW@ 3600 rpm6.16 kW@ 3600 rpmlean operation. volumetric efficiency .drop with hydrogen operation resulted drop power drop.19

Results and discussion

Variation of breake thermal efficiency with engine speed

hydrogen operation is found to be higher because of lean operation strategy adopted and substantially higher energy content of hydrogen on mass basis compared to gasoline operation.

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Results and discussion

Variation of breake specific fuel consumption with engine speed

high energy content (LHV = 120 MJ/kg) by mass

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Results and discussion

Variation of co, co2 and CH emissions with engine speed

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Results and discussion

Variation of NOx with engine speed

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Development of hydrogen operated vehicleHydrogen supply layout a dupted in the vehicle

leak detectors were mounted at multiple points trigger an alarm and signals will be sensed by electronic control unitimmediately shuts down the engine leakage leads to pressure drop cutting the hydrogen supply

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Development of hydrogen operated vehicleIdle emission from vehicle for hydrogen and gasoline operation

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CONCLUSIONS

The single cylinder vehicular engine was optimized for hydrogen operation.Considering the present situation of low availability of hydrogen dispensing stations the vehicles were designed for bi-fuel operation.Under lean burn conditions Hydrogen engine has proven to be very effective in avoiding backfire and also keeping NOx emissions to a low level

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CONCLUSIONS

The engine developed a peak power of 4.8 kW@3600 rpm, the only major emission from hydrogen engine was NOx . The NOx emission was kept below 170 ppm with hydrogen operation.The hydrogen engine developed has been successfully demonstrated in vehicle used for public transport.

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Thank youFor your Attention

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