Submitted By:-Navdeep Jain.

GEOTEXTILE

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IntroductionFirst applications of geotextiles

woven industrial fabrics were used in 1950’s.

The first nonwoven Geotextile was developed in 1968 by the “Rhone Poulence” company in France.

It was a comparatively thick needle-punched polyester, which was used in dam construction in France during 1970.

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Cont….Geo-textiles also known as

industrial textiles, high performance textiles, engineered textiles, technical textiles.

Used in processes /services of non textile industries.

Manufactured primarily for their technical and performance properties rather than for aesthetic and decorative characteristics.

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Cont…Generally made up of woven,

non-wovens and knitted type of fabrics.

A geotextile should consist of a stable network that retains its relative structure during handling, placement, and long-term service.

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What are geotextiles? As we know, the prefix of geotextile,

geo, means earth and the ‘textile’ means fabric. Therefore, according to the definition of ASTM 4439, the geotextile is defined as follows:

"A permeable geosynthetic comprised solely of textiles. Geotextiles are used with foundation, soil, rock, earth, or any other geotechnical engineering-related material as an integral part of human-made project, structure, or system.“

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Cont…They are used to improve the performance

and reduce costs of virtually all civil engineering structures, including subsurface drains, roadways, railroads, erosion control embankments, landfills, and retaining wall systems.

Geotextiles offers a wide variety of woven and nonwoven paving products which are superior in performance even under the most demanding construction conditions which instead make the work impossible.

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Types of geo textilesWoven geo-textiles Nonwoven geo-textiles Knitted geo-textiles High strength geo-textiles

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Woven geo textilesManufactured with high tensile

strength and low elongation.For filtration, low distribution

extending life of paved and unpaved roads.

These can be of ◦Woven monofilament◦Woven multifilament◦Woven slit film monofilament.

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Non-woven geo textilesDesign to filter soil particles from

drainage systems and stabilize road ways

Increase performance life of these structures

These can be of :◦Non woven continuous filament heat bonded.◦Non woven continuous filament needle

punched.◦Nonwoven staple needle punched .◦Non woven resin bonded.

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High strength geo textileManufactured from modern

synthetics with low creep and elongation.

It suits any kind of application.

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THE BASIC PROPERTIES OF GEOTEXTILE

• The material should be light, thick, cheap, strong and flexible.

• The material should be rot resistance.• The material should have good tensile,

tearing, and bursting strength.• It must be permeable.• It should be inert and U.V. resistant.• It must be compatible with

constructional material like cement, clay, lime bricks, gravel, stones, etc.

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Functions of geotextileGeo textile function can perform

hydraulic and mechanical function either simultaneous or separately.

Mechanical Function• Protection• Separation • Reinforcement

Hydraulic Function• Drainage• Filtration

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Separation•Geotextile acts as a separator by preventing the intermixing of coarse and fine soil materials allowing the free flow of water across the same.•Prevents upward pumping of soil.•Maintains porosity at different levels•Eliminates the loss of costly aggregates into subsoil.

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REINFORCEMENT

Geotextiles reinforce soils which are usually weak in tension forming a composite material in intimate contact with it having super engineering characteristics. The reinforcement acts to prevent lateral movement due to the lateral shear stress developed

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The term ‘reinforcing’means the ability to distribute a concentrated load over larger area of the subgrade

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FILTRATION & DRAINAGE

•Geotextiles act as a filter by permitting the flow of liquid and gases by preventing the passage of soil particles that can cause settlement due to loss of ground. •Use of geotextile in drainage system.•Eliminates the filler sand with dual media backfill.•In some cases it eliminates the need for perforated pipes

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Table 1: Requirements of geotextiles in selected applications

Strength Low Extension

Durability

Erosion Control

Ö Ö to ÖÖ

Agro-mulching

Ö

Un-paved Roads

ÖÖ ÖÖ ÖÖÖ

KEY: Important: (ÖÖÖ); Less important (Ö); Not important ().

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EROSION CONTROL GEOTEXTILES

Soil migration and the buildup of hydrostatic pressure.

Geotextiles act as a filter. The sand mattress avoid the erosion of

bed and banks of the rivers.

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Continued..It is used for various applications

such as stabilization of River Control, Earthy Movements and Erosion, Canal Refurbishment, Reservoir, Landscaping and Retaining Walls.

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Agro-mulchingA ground cover, in the form of a sheet, is required

to: ◦suppress the growth of weeds◦promote and enhance the growth of the target

cropLight weight plastic film is generally used as a

ground cover.The crop is planted in holes cut through the sheet. The film sheet is usually discarded at the time of

harvesting the crop and thus there is no need for long durability.

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Continued…It is desirable to use a geotextile with

a large percentage of coverA geotextile is also more effective

than a thin film as a temperature insulator

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Geotextiles in unpaved roadsVehicle load pressure causes subgrade soils

to migrate into the aggregate base of the pavement section.

Contamination of the aggregate base by the sub grade results in the reduction of the effective base thickness, load-carrying capacity and the pavement life.

Geotextiles prevent the subgrade materials from migrating into the aggregate base, thus increasing pavement life.

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DRAINAGE GEOTEXTILESFiltration and drainage represent a major area

of application for Geotextiles.Geotextiles are effective in most soils,

particularly in environments where silt and clay are prominent.

Geotextiles prove to be excellent filters in subsurface drainage applications.

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Application

P - Primary Function, S - Secondary Function, T – Tertiary function Geotextile FunctionReinforcement

Separation

Filtration

Drainage

Protection

Roads P T T S TRailroads S P S P TSurface Drainage

T S P T T

Steep Slopes P T T S SLandfills S P P S P

Walls P T T T TSoil Rein-forcement

P T S S T

Marine Causeways

S T S P T

Application of geo textile

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CONCLUSIONApplications are usually in the field of

civil engineering and environmental engineering and consequently the design of these applications is often closely associated with geotechnical engineering.

New applications are being found and new products developed at great rate.

Geotextiles are a boon to the civil engineering to overcome environmental challenges.

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References Handbook of Technical Textiles by A.R Horrocks and S.C Anand. Page:– 264-270, 316-320, 35-406.

Non-woven & Technical Textiles. Page:-51.

The Indian Textile journal. Page:- 78-83.

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