Power Utility Conference - Wind Turbine Lightning Protection

53rd ISA Power Industry Division Symposium20th Annual Joint ISA POWID/EPRI

Controls & Instrumentation Conference7-10 June, 2010, Summerlin, Nevada 1

Mike Nager, Phoenix Contact

LIGHTING PROTECTION FOR WIND TURBINES – FINAL PRESENTATION

20th ISA POWID/EPRI Controls & Instrumentation Conference

Our Knowledge comes from working with Industry Leaders such as…

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Lightning Locations


Lightning Strikes meet Wind Turbines



Fire at a wind turbine near Paderborn /Germany. Total loss 1.5 million Euro

Source: GDV




Principle of Over-Voltage Suppression

A

B

S2 S3

S1

A

B

S2 S3

S1

A

B

S2 S3

S1

TT 0570 D 12.02.09


Surge Suppression Components

Speed

Energy

Suppressor Diode Metal Oxide Varistor Gas Tube Spark Gap

TT 1669 D 10.03.09


Standard Waveforms

10/350 µs (IEC 62305-1)

8/20 µs (IEC 60060-1)

810 20 t

µs

iî

1,0

0,5

0,0

0 100 200 300 350

TT 0168 D 16.02.09


Lightning Protection Zonesaccording to IEC 62305-1


Lightning protection zones


Positioning of air-termination systems

receptor plate

air-termination rod


tower

cabel route

transformer station - low voltage distribution panel

- main control cabinet- inverter technology- windpark communication

foundation

rotorblade- clima sensors- aviation lights- antennas

hub

nacelle

e.g. 20kV/690V

- generator- brake- gearbox- topbox- hydraulic

cooling system

yaw drive

- pitch control unit- axis cabinet- battery backup- drives

Lightning current distribution


Surge protection inside the nacelle

RDY

BSA

FAIL

PF

RUN

FAILINLINE

CONTROLILC 370 ETH 2TX-IB

Ord. No. 2876999

RESET

RUN/PROG

PRG

10/100

LINK

ACT

100

UL

US

UMI

4

I2

I3

I1 I

8

I6

I7

I5 I

12

I10

I11

I9 Q

4

Q2

Q3

Q1

E

LINK

ACT100

10/100R

CBARDTA

REMOTE

IN

OUT

SPD for signals: (Anemometer,

communication to the hub)

Generator

SPDfor 230/400V

control power supply

SPDfor stator windings and

rotor windings

SPD for the obstruction lighting

SPD for the controller,powersupply 230V or 24V,

bus interface

SPDfor rotor blade shifting

M

M

6

RDY

BSA

FAIL

PF

RUN

FAILIN LIN E C ON TR OL

ILC 370 ETH 2TX-IBOr d. No. 2876999

RESETRUN/PRO G

PRG

10/100

LINK

ACT

100

ULUS UM

I4I2I3

I1I8I6I7

I5I12I10I11

I9Q4Q2Q3

Q1 E

LINK

ACT

100

10/100R

CBARDTA

REMOTE

IN

OUT

RDY

BSA

FAIL

PF

RUN

FAILIN LI NE C ON TR O L

IL C 370 ET H 2TX-IBOr d. No. 28 76 99 9

RESETRUN/PRO G

PRG

10/100

LINK

ACT

100

ULUS UM

I4I2I3

I1I8I6I7

I5I12I10I11

I9Q4Q2Q3

Q1 E

LINK

ACT

100

10/100R

CBARDTA

REMOTE

IN

OUT

RDY

BSA

FAIL

PF

RUN

FAIL

INLINE CONTROLILC 370 ETH 2TX-IB

Ord. No. 2876999

RESET

RUN/PROG

PRG

10/100

LINK

ACT

100

UL

US

UMI

4

I2

I3

I1 I

8

I6

I7

I5 I

12

I10

I11

I9 Q

4

Q2

Q3

Q1

E

LINK

ACT

100

10/100R

CBARDTA

REMOTE

IN

OUT

RDY

BSA

FAIL

PF

RUN

FAILINLINE

CONTROLILC 370 ETH 2TX-IB

Ord. No. 2876999

RESET

RUN/PROG

PRG

10/100

LINK

ACT

100

UL

US

UMI

4

I2

I3

I1 I

8

I6

I7

I5 I

12

I10

I11

I9 Q

4

Q2

Q3

Q1

E

LINK

ACT

100

10/100R

CBARDTA

REMOTE

IN

OUT

Gear box


Zone protection requirements Selection and installation in acc. to IEC 61400-24

CLASS II

CLASS I/II

HV/MV MOV arrester

CLASS II


Class 1 arrester


Challenges caused by rotating equipment

Lightning protection systeme.g. coal brushes or spark gaps


Down tower panels (LVDP, MCP)

RDY

BSA

FAIL

PF

RUN

FAILINLINE CONTROL

ILC 370 ETH 2TX-IBOrd. No. 2876999

RESETRUN/PROG

PRG

10/100

LINK

ACT

100

ULUSUM

I4I2I3

I1I8I6I7

I5I12I10I11

I9Q4Q2Q3

Q1 E

LINK

ACT

100

10/100R

CBARDTA

REMOTE

IN

OUT

FU

I > I > I >

3

690V/400V-

230V 3L,N

Bus interfacesignalling

power supply

Generator(stator)

400/230V

Generator(rotor)

3L,N

I > I > I >

MODEM

RDY

BSA

FAIL

PF

RUN

FAILINLINE CONTROL


RESETRUN/PROG

PRG

10/100

LINK

ACT

100

ULUSUM

I4I2I3

I1I8I6I7

I5I12I10I11

I9Q4Q2Q3

Q1 E

LINK

ACT

100

10/100R

CBARDTA

REMOTE

IN

OUT

RDY

BSA

FAIL

PF

RUN

FAILINLINE CONTROL


RESETRUN/PROG

PRG

10/100

LINK

ACT

100

ULUSUM

I4I2I3

I1I8I6I7

I5I12I10I11

I9Q4Q2Q3

Q1 E

LINK

ACT

100

10/100R

CBARDTA

REMOTE

IN

OUT

QUINT POWER

RDY

BSA

FAIL

PF

RUN

FAILINLINE CONTROL


RESETRUN/PROG

PRG

10/100

LINK

ACT

100

ULUSUM

I4I2I3

I1I8I6I7

I5I12I10I11

I9Q4Q2Q3

Q1 E

LINK

ACT

100

10/100R

CBARDTA

REMOTE

IN

OUT

LNK/ACT

100

X3

LNK/ACT

100

X1

LNK/ACT

100

X5

LNK/ACT

100

X7

LNK/ACT

100

X6

LNK/ACT

100

X4

LNK/ACT

100

X2

US1

US2

FL SWITCH SF 7 TX/FXOrd. No.2832577T

DRD

LNK/ACT

100

X8

S1S2S3S4

CP 312

S5S6

ABC

SYS

S8

S7

S9S

10S11S12S13S14S16

S15


MOV VALVETRAB ™Arc Gap FLASHTRAB™

Protection inside LVDP


Protection inside LVDP and MCP


• Bus System• Signals - I/Os• DC power supply• AC power supply

Switch cabinet inside the hub Switch cabinet inside the hub (pitch)(pitch)


Switch cabinet for FAA lights


Other Standards of Interest

IEC 61024 Protection of Structures against Lightning

IEC 61312 Protection against lightning electromagnetic impulse

IEC 61643 Surge protective devices connected to low-voltage power distribution systems

IEC 61662 Assessment of the risk of damage due to lightning

NREL(National Renewable Energy Laboratory)

Wind Turbine Lightning Protection Project 1999-2001

UL 1449 Third Ed.

Requirements for Surge Protection Devices

NFPA 780(National Fire Protection Association)

Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection Systems

Engineering

Power Utility Conference - Wind Turbine Lightning Protection