Programming

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Generations of programming languages

• Based on the characteristic of various computers

developed from time to time, they're classified because

generation associated with computers.

First generation languages

• The first generation languages, or even 1GL tend

to be low-level languages which are machine

language.

• 1GL or even first-generation language had been

machine language or even the level of instructions

as well as data that the processor is actually given

to work on (which in conventional computers is a

string of 0s as well as 1s).

Second generation languages

• The second generation languages, or even 2GL will

also be low-level languages which contain

assembly languages.

• 2GL or even second-generation language is

assembler (sometimes known as "assembly")

language. A typical 2GL instruction looks like this:

• An assembler converts the assembler language

statements into machine language.

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Third generation languages

• The third generation languages, or even 3GL

are high-level languages known as C.

public boolean handleEvent (Event evt) {

switch (evt.id) { case Event.ACTION_EVENT: {

if ("Try me" .equald(evt.arg)) {

Fourth generation languages

• The fourth generation languages, or even 4GL

tend to be languages that consist of statements

similar to statements in a human language.

Fourth generation languages are generally

utilized in database programming and scripts.

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Fifth generation languages

• The fifth generation languages, or 5GL even

tend to be programming languages which

contain visual tools to assist develop a

program. A example of a fifth generation

language is Visual Basic.

Program Development Cycle

1) Analyze: Determine the issue

2) Design: Plan the answer towards the issue

3) Choose the Interface: Find the objects

4) Code: Translate the algorithm into a programming

language.

5) Debug and Test: Locate and also remove any

errors in the program.

6) Complete the Documentation: Organize all the

materials that identify the program.

Programming Tools

• Flowchart

• Pseudocode

• Hierarchy Chart (Structure chart)

What is a flowchart?

• Logic diagram to explain every action that the

program must perform to arrive at the solution.

• A popular logic tool used for showing an

algorithm in graphics form.

• Programmer prepares flowchart before coding.

• Most typical flowchart symbols tend to be:

What is a Pseudocode?

• A program design technique that uses

English words.

• Has no formal syntactical rules.

What is a Hierarchy Chart?

• Shows the entire program’s structure.

• Describes what each part, or even module, of

the program does.

• Also how each module relates to other

modules within the program.

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