Project ppt presentation (1)

FINAL YEAR PROJECT PRESENTATION2015-16

FABRICATION OF SOLAR

WHEEL CHAIR BY

Pawan KumarPalash Awasthi

Piyush Shubham Divyanshu BharadwajSantosh kumar Jaiswal

FACULTY GUIDE:Ms. GAGANPREET KAUR (ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR)Mr. CHETAN RAJORIA (ASTT. PROFESSOR)

CONTENT

• Introduction• Literature survey• Problem definition• Objective• Components• Methodology• Fabrication phases• Specifications• Significance• Conclusion• References• Gantt chart• Plan of work

05/03/23 ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 2

INTRODUCTION A wheelchair is a chair with wheels to help

people move around. It is used by individuals who have impairments that limit their ability to walk. It typically consists of a seat supported on two large wheels attached towards the back of the seat and two small wheels (castors) in front near the feet, a good braking system, footrests and a cushion. There are often small additional features to prevent toppling or to assist in mounting curbs. The user moves by pushing with his/her hands circular bars on the outside of the large wheels, known as the hand-rim or push rings.


TYPES OF WHEEL CHAIRS


HISTORY

• Haidar Taleb, a 47 year old man from UAE, displayed a rare combination of human spirit and willpower by building a wheel chair for himself which runs on solar power.

• A solar-powered prototype of a wheelchair with retractable solar panels was the winner of the Change My World in One Minute organized by the 2012 World Cerebral Palsy Day.

• This project was conceived by a student from the University of Virginia School of Engineering.

• For its winning contribution, the team was awarded the grand prize of $20,000.


LITERATURE REVIEW


Name of research paper Author name and date of publish

Work

Designing Solar Three-Wheeler for Disable People

Md. Shahidul Islam, Zaheed Bin Rahman, Nafis Ahmad, January-2012

Develop a wheelchair with a user-selectable manual/electric propulsion mode and an auxiliary solar power supply system.

Solar Powered Wheel Chair: Mobility For Physically Challenged

Arun Manohar Gurrama , P.S.V Ramana Raoa, Raghuveer Dontikurtia, March 2012

To fabricate a Solar- powered wheel chair at an optimal cost which can be utilized in both indoor and outdoor environments.

Powered Wheelchairs Arvind Prasad, Snehal Shah, PriyankaRuparelia, AshishSawant, 11, NOVEMBER 2013

Report on the efficiency and durability of batteries and solar panels

CONTINUED…..Name of research paper Author name and date of

publish Work

Wheelchair for Physically and Mentally Disabled Persons

Nirmal T M , April - June 2014

Control using voice, eye and joystick. And it monitors the room conditions like temperature, humidity, fire

Design and development of solar power-assisted manual/electric wheelchair

Chi-Sheng Chien, MD, Tung-Yung Huang, PhD; Tze-Yuan Liao, PhD Department of Ortho , Number 9, 2014

Proposes a new improved design of a solar powered three-wheeler

Electrical wheel chair with retractable solar panels

Nida Riaz; Dept. of Electr. Eng., Air Univ., Islamabad, Pakistan ; Junaid Bin Aamir, 26 Nov. 2014

highlights the importance of non conventional energy source i.e. solar energy and uses it for the advancement of wheelchair technology

Developing Intelligent Wheelchairs for the Handicapped

Takashi Gomi and Ann Griffith

development of intelligent autonomous wheelchairs


PROBLEM DEFINITION

• To fabricate a solar wheel chair with an optimal cost so that it can be reached to persons with physical disabilities to make their life easy and productive.


OBJECTIVE

• Our motive is to provide them independent mobility for that they need a wheelchair which can be easily provided to them and it should be not expensive and also it should be based on the clean resources of energy for recharging. Our another motive is to make handicapped persons productive for their own growth and also for nation it will enhance feeling of self -esteem among the community. It will provide them respect from others. And finally they can live a Normal life.


COMPONENTS OF SOLAR WHEEL-CHAIR

• SOLAR PANEL- refers to a panel designed to absorb the sun's rays as a source of energy for generating electricity or heating.

A photovoltaic (in short PV) module is a packaged, connected assembly of typically 6×10 solar cells. Solar Photovoltaic panels constitute the solar array of a photovoltaic system that generates and supplies solar electricity in commercial and residential applications. Each module is rated by its DC output power under standard test conditions, and typically ranges from 100 to 365 watts.


CONTINUED…….• CHARGER- One of the problems with solar power is that the

output of the solar panel is variable. These solar charge controllers are designed to extract the maximum amount of power available from the solar panels and deposit it in the battery. Solar PV charge controllers take the uncertain voltage from a solar panel and condition it to safely charge lead acid batteries. These solar PV charge controllers energy harvesting, and a three-stage charging method, bulk, absorption, and float (maintenance) charge, but due to the nature of solar panels these are different in nature than a typical AC driven charger. They pulse charge the battery. During the pulse the solar panel is virtually short-circuited to extract the maximum power from the panel and also to allow the panel to work more efficiently. These solar charge controllers also protect your panels from discharging through the batteries after the sun goes down. Solar charge controllers are necessary to protect your PV battery investment.


CONTINUED….

• LEAD ACID BATTERY-Lead acid batteries are one of the most popular types of battery in electronics. Although slightly lower in energy density than lithium metal, lead acid is safe, provided certain precautions are met when charging and discharging. This have a many advantages over other conventional types of batteries, the lead acid battery is the optimum choice for a solar assisted cycle. Current supplied from battery indicates the flow of energy from the battery and is measured in amperes (or Amps) . The higher the current flow faster the battery will discharge. A battery is rated in ampere-hours (abbreviated Ah) and this is called the battery capacity. This project revolves around supplying and utilizing energy within a high voltage battery. It demands for a battery with longer running hours, lighter weight with respect to its high output voltage and higher energy density.


CONTINUED….

• DC MOTOR- The Brushless DC (BLDC) motor is used as the drive motor for the vehicle. It is a permanent magnet square wave motor. BLDC motor uses feedback directly of the rotor angular position so that the input armature current can be switched among the motor phases in exact synchronization with the rotor motion.

• WHEELS- A bicycle wheel is a wheel, most commonly a wire wheel, designed for a bicycle. : a steel hub, a fixed steel axle (the bearings were located in the fork ends), aluminium spokes and a shrink fitted iron rim A typical modern wheel has a metal hub, wire tension spokes and a metal or carbon fibre rim which holds a pneumatic rubber tire.


CONTINUED……

• CASTOR - castor is an un-driven, single, double, or compound wheel that is designed to be mounted at the bottom of a larger object (the "vehicle") to enable the object to be easily moved. They are available in various sizes, and are commonly made of rubber, plastic, nylon, aluminium, or stainless steel. Casters are found in numerous applications, including shopping carts, office chairs, and material handling equipment. High capacity, heavy duty casters are used in many industrial applications, such as platform trucks, carts, assemblies, and towlines in plants. Generally, casters operate well on smooth and flat surfaces. The diameter of the caster used is 15cm and thickness is 3.5 cm.


METHODOLOGY

The methodology or working of solar wheel chair can be understood easily by a flow chart. The working is nothing but simply the conversion of solar energy into mechanical energy followed by many intermediate conversions which are shown below-

• Sun –it provide solar energy that will fall on solar panel.• Solar panel- it will absorb solar energy and convert it into electrical energy by p-n

junction.• Charge controller or charger- it will remove the variation in solar energy and store

electrical energy in the form of chemical energy in the battery.• Battery- it will store energy in chemical form and again convert into electrical form.• Motor-it will convert electrical energy into mechanical (rotational) form and make the

wehicle run.• Wheels –they will rotate with the axle which is driven by chain gear arrangement and

cover distance.


CONTINUED….


CALCULATIONS

Taking Max.Speed of wheel chair as = 30 km/hrRPM of shaft wheel(let say N) = 30*1000 = 3.14X 0.40XN 60*60 60 RPM = 398.8 = 400(approx.) (weight of system-40kg weight of person-80kg) Weight(on each wheel) = 60X9.81 = 588.6N Torque = force *radius(1.5cm) Torque = 588.6X1.5X10˄-2 =8.82Nm power = 2*3.14*N*T/60 Power = 2*3.14*400*8.82= 369.26watt 60 = 0.5 Hp (approx)


CONTINUED…Energy of Battery = 960 WhrTime of Charging = 960 = 2.60 Hrs 370Distance Travelled = 2.60*30 = 77.8 km.Solar Panel CalculationTotal voltage of solar panel = 18 voltsAmperage of it = 5.5 to 6 Amp.Power of Panel = V*I= 18 x 5.5 = 99 Watt = 100(Approx.)


MARKET SURVEY

Shop Name /Address Material purchased Cost

Bharat cycle shop , ghanta ghar Axle,hub,wheels ,bearings,brake

2350

Mohan engg.works,shaberi village cutter,welding rods,wires& switch

600

Aggrawal traders shaberi village Nut-bolts and paint 600

Hind sanitary works,ramteram road G.I.pipes 1000

Castor wheel shop ,delhi gate Castors 500

Automobile parts shop,shaberi village Chain,sprocket,gear 1000

others …… 1500


FABRICATION PHASES

• STEP 1– Frame Preparation • STEP 2– Installation of front and rear wheels.• STEP 3– Steering Mechanism• STEP 4– Braking Mechanism• STEP 5– Installation of Motor and Battery• STEP 6– Mounting of Solar panel at head of wheel chair.


FRAME PREPARATION

05/03/23 21

• Structure Raw Material below sheet- Steel members with at least equal bending stiffness and bending strength to

1018 steel having a circular cross section with a 2.5 cm (1 inch) outer diameter and a wall thickness of 3.05 mm (.120 inch)

reason behind selection is high strength to weight ratio(55-60kN-m/kg) ,high tensile strength (470 MPa UTS,400 Mpa yield strength)at low cost.

• Structure material above sheet – GI pipes with outer diameter 1.75 cm (0.5 inch) with thickness of 2 mm (.08

inch) reason of selection is low weight per meter(.947 kg/meter).• And steel plates of different cross-sections.• Total Height of vehicle- 155 cm• For seat :- 40X45 (cm) and in height- 52 cm• Total weight of the system-40 kg

ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032)

STEERING MECHANISM

05/03/23 22ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032)

CONTINUED…


BRAKING SYSTEM

• A Disc brake is a type of brake that uses calipers to squeeze pair of pads against a disc in order to create friction that retards the rotation of shaft, such as a vehicle axle, either to reduce its rotational speed or hold it stationary.

ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032)24

WHY WE USED IT?

• Disc brakes can generate and transfer greater amount of heat to the atmosphere; because most of the friction area of a rotor is exposed to air, cooling is far more rapid than for a drum brake.

• The faster cooling makes them better suited for high performance driving and reduces the likelihood of brake fade.

• Because of their shape, rotors tend to scrape off water more efficiently.• Due to their design, disc brakes are self-adjusting and do not need

periodic maintenance.

ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032)25

MOTOR INSTALLATION


SPECIFICATIONS

• Size: 65x45x155• Steering/Drive system: Handle Bar • Height: 150cm • Weight with battery: 30-40 kg Seat: Cushioned • Speed: 20-30 km per hour Braking system: disc brake• Distance per charge: 77.8km • Maximum load/weight capacity: 80 kg • Tire size: (40 x 5) cm • Solar Panel: 100Watts(16.2 V, 6 amps) • Batteries: lead acid battery, 12 V- 80 A-hr. • Motor: 0.5 HP(DC)• Charge controller: Solar based (MPPT type).


SIGNIFICANCE

• According to WHO (World Health Organization) a wheelchair is appropriate when it-

• Meets the user’s needs and environmental conditions;• Provides proper fit and postural support;• Is safe and durable;• Is available in the country; and• Can be obtained, maintained and services sustained in the country at an

affordable price. Our project is fulfilling all the decided norms by the WHO being

environment friendly ,safe, less expensive and easily available.


CONCLUSION

• The vehicle which we are introducing by doing this project will be help full for many of the people who are disabled mentally as well as physically can make use of this vehicle without the requirement of relying up on any external aid. So this is a multifunctional medicinal aid focusing on the improvement and self-reliability of multiple disabled people. Modifications made in the prevailing equipment meant for the disabled ones will be of great use in upcoming time. And we were able to apply our theoretical knowledge into practice. All data provided are precise to the best of our ability .


COST ESTIMATION1. Big Wheel - 10002. Small Wheel (caster) - - 5003. Shaft with Hub alignment - 7004. Pipes - 1000 and also provided by

college5. Motor - provided by college 6. Sprocket And Chain - 10007. Electrical Wiring - 2008. Paint - 600 9. Miscellaneous - 1000 Total - 8000 (appox.)Battery is also provided by college ,panel and charger taken from

jyotishmaan team.


REFERENCES

• Arun Manohar Gurram, P.S.V Ramana Rao, Raghuveer Dontikurti “SOLAR POWERED WHEEL CHAIR: MOBILITY FOR PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED” International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology Volume 2, No.1 (March 2012) .

• Arvind Prasad, Snehal Shah, Priyanka Ruparelia, Ashish Sawant “Powered Wheelchair” published in “International Journal Of Scientific & Technology Research “ in which various attachment of braking and steering mechanism was studied.

• Immanuel Alphonse, Dr. S. HosiminThilagar, F. Bright Singh. “DESIGN OF SOLAR POWERED BLDC MOTOR DRIVEN ELECTRIC VEHICLE “International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research Volume 2, No.3 Received: 05.06.2012 Accepted:01.07.2012

• Md. Shahidul Islam, Zaheed Bin Rahman, Nafis Ahmad “Designing Solar Three-Wheeler for Disable People” published in “International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research”.


CONTINUED…..

• Shuh Jing Ying, Stephen Sundarrao . “POWER ASSIST HAND TRICYCLE WITH BATTERY FOR DISABLED PERSONS” International Journal of Advanced Technology in Engineering and Science Volume 02, Issue No. 06, June 2014.

• Solar Electirc Powered Wheelchair publish in India Educators' Conference (TIIEC), 2013 Texas Instruments. In which size of solar panel was studied in it


GANTT CHART FOR PROJECT COMPLETION


S. No. PLAN DETAILS DEADLINE

1. Literature Review 02/10/2015

2. Synopsis Preparation 09/10/2015

3. Presentation 1 & 2 17/10/2015

4. Design 15/02/2016

5. Purchase Of Raw Material Up to fabrication completion

6. Starting Of Fabrication 01/03/2016

7. Completion Of Fabrication 15/04/2016

8. Testing And Modifications (if

required)

22/04/2016

9. Project Report completion 06/05/2016


PLAN OF WORK

THANK YOU
